3-4 Hz Spikes: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for 3-4 Hz Spikes

The ictal EEG is characteristic, and usually has regular and symmetrical generalised discharges of 3–4 Hz “spike and slow” wave complexes, and may also have multiple spike [adc.bmj.com]

In electroencephalography (EEG), generalized 3-4 Hz spike and slow wave complexes indicate an absence seizure. [symptoma.com]

Childhood absence epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures and electroencephalogram 3-4-Hz spike and multispike-slow wave complexes: linkage to chromosome 8q24. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

4 Hz spikes and waves in all regions of the brain 1st-line: valproic acid Avoid triggers: sleep deprivation, alcohol, drugs, flickering lights 60% are seizure-free under treatment [amboss.com]

Her EEG showed 3–4 Hz spike and wave discharges. She had a daughter with childhood absence epilepsy, and two sisters and a cousin with seizures (fig 2⇓, family 1). [jnnp.bmj.com]

Her EEG showed 3–4 Hz spike and wave discharges. She had a daughter with childhood absence epilepsy, and two sisters and a cousin with seizures (fig 2 ⇓, family 1). [jnnp.bmj.com]

Myoclonic-Astatic Epilepsy

[…] presence of generalized spike- or polyspike-wave EEG discharges at 2-3 Hz, without focal spike discharges; and (4) exclusion of severe and benign myoclonic epilepsy (SME, [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

EEG shows regular and irregular bilaterally synchronous 2- to 3-Hz spike-waves and polyspike patterns with a 4- to 7-Hz background. 84% of affected children show normal development [ipfs.io]

[…] before onset of epilepsy and absence of organic cerebral abnormalities; (2) onset of myoclonic, myoclonic-astatic or astatic seizures between 7 months and 6 years of age; (3) [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Benign Adult Familial Myoclonic Epilepsy

Childhood absence epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures and electroencephalogram 3-4-Hz spike and multispike-slow wave complexes: linkage to chromosome 8q24. [reference.medscape.com]

Her EEG showed 3–4 Hz spike and wave discharges. She had a daughter with childhood absence epilepsy, and two sisters and a cousin with seizures (fig 2 ⇓, family 1). [jnnp.bmj.com]

[…] during course of epilepsy.  Ictal EEG: generalized, high-amplitude 3 Hz spike and slow-wave complexes, lasting 4–20 s.  Generally responsive to antiepileptic drug (AED) [slideshare.net]

Childhood Absence Epilepsy

Childhood absence epilepsy with tonic–clonic seizures and electroencephalogram 3–4‐Hz spike and multispike–slow wave complexes: linkage to chromosome 8q24. [doi.org]

[…] consist of behavioral arrest with or without automatisms, usually last 30-60 seconds, and demonstrate a characteristic 3-Hz generalized spike-wave (GSW) pattern on EEG, often [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

4 Hz oscillations with no sign of spike-and-wave discharge. [scholarpedia.org]

Epilepsy

[…] to 8 years of age, in an otherwise apparently healthy child. 3 The classic electroencephalogram (EEG) shows generalized spike-wave bursts (of 3 Hz) with normal background [doi.org]

Hz Spike and Wave Discharges, Epilepsia, 31, 5, (557-566), (2007). [doi.org]

[…] childhood-onset epilepsy, making it the most common form of pediatric epilepsy. 1,2 The syndrome is characterized by daily frequent but brief staring spells, typically beginning at 4 [doi.org]

Familial Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy

Childhood absence epilepsy with tonicclonic seizures and electroencephalogram 3-4-Hz spike and multispikeslow wave complexes: linkage to chromosome 8q24. [books.google.es]

 EEG - diffuse slow background activity and generalised high-voltage spike and wave, and polyspike and wave paroxysms, ranging from 2–3 Hz to 4–6 Hz, which reach a maximum [slideshare.net]

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Interictal electroencephalography (EEG) in JME shows interictal epileptiform discharges such as generalized spikes, polyspikes, bilateral-synchronous 4-6/s spike-wave complexes [go.galegroup.com]

[…] generalized spike-and-wave or polyspike-and-waves but no focal epileptiform discharges (except for fragments of generalized discharges), (3) no epileptogenic lesion on MRI [frontiersin.org]

Myoclonic jerks appear to be time-locked to generalized 3-5 Hz spike-and wave complexes [8]. Photoparoxysmal response was seen in 40% of patients. [go.galegroup.com]

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

Hz theta and G PSW ++ ++ Rarely M Dravet/SIME <1 year Febrile, other seizures at 2–3 years Slow with irregular spike wave Rare Rare Yes M AA GTC Focal West Usually <1 year [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

The study concluded that LGS accounts for 4% of childhood epilepsies.[3] Mortality and morbidity The mortality rate ranges from 3% to 7%.[4] Natural History, Complications [wikidoc.org]

The study concluded that LGS accounts for 4% of childhood epilepsies.[3] Mortality and morbidityEdit The mortality rate ranges from 3% to 7%.[4] CausesEdit There is no uniform [psychology.wikia.org]

West Syndrome

Puja Patel MD (Dr. Patel of Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center has no relevant financial relationships to disclose.) Aristea S Galanopoulou MD PhD ( Dr. Galanopoulou of Albert Einstein College of Medicine received an honorarium and travel reimbursement from Malinckrodt for an advisory board[…] [medlink.com]

Organic Brain Syndrome

A 57-year-old man with no personal or family history of manic-depressive disease developed symptoms of hypomania after a cerebrovascular accident and surgical trauma to the brain. The patient responded well to lithium carbonate treatment over a 2-year period. Although this therapy is contraindicated in cases of[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Encephalopathy

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is an encephalopathy that can be clinically characterized by headache, altered mental status and/or seizures. Neuroimaging demonstrates usually reversible bilateral subcortical vasogenic occipital-parietal edema. Exact pathophysiology remains unclear but is commonly[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Uremic Encephalopathy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Uremic encephalopathy is a metabolic disorder in patients with renal failure. The purpose of this study was to describe the MR imaging findings of uremic encephalopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed MR imaging findings in 10 patients with clinically proved uremic[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neonatal Seizures

Five issues are discussed with respect to the diagnosis, etiology, treatment, prognosis, and pathogenesis of neonatal seizures. The presentation of a newborn with seizures represents a true emergency and frequently indicates significant neurologic dysfunction or damage to the immature nervous system. Despite the[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Insulin Overdose

We report a very rare case of acute pulmonary edema caused by hypoglycemia from insulin overdose during an attempted suicide. A 16-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes was brought to our hospital because of hypoglycemic coma. She exhibited severe hypoxia; upon intubation, bloody froth poured out of the tube.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Toxic Encephalopathy

"Thinner" is a widely used industrial mixture of organic solvents. Exposure to organic solvents is usually not considered to be a possible cause of epilepsy, despite descriptions of toxic effects on the central nervous system. There are only a few reports about a possible epileptogenic effect of organic solvents[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 3

Epileptic encephalopathy with suppression-burst in electroencephalography (EEG) can evolve into a few types of epileptic syndromes. We present here an unusual case of early myoclonic encephalopathy that evolved into migrating partial seizures in infancy. A female neonate initially had erratic myoclonus movements,[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

Homepage Rare diseases Search Search for a rare disease Neonatal hypoxic and ischemic brain injury ORPHA:137577 Synonym(s): HIE Hypoxic and ischemic brain injury in the newborn Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Perinatal asphyxia Perinatal hypoxia Prevalence: 1-9 / 100 000 Inheritance: Not applicable Age of onset:[…] [orpha.net]

Juvenile Absence Epilepsy

Collapse all Expand all Contexte Il s'agit d'une version mise à jour de la revue Cochrane publiée en 2017. Les crises d'absence (CA) sont de brèves crises d'épilepsie qui surviennent pendant l'enfance et l'adolescence. Selon les caractéristiques cliniques et les résultats de l'électroencéphalogramme (EEG), elles sont[…] [cochranelibrary.com]

Childhood Absence Seizures

EEG time-frequency analysis revealed abrupt onset and end of 3-4 Hz spike-wave discharges with a mean duration of 6.6 s. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Typical absence seizures occur in children, and are accompanied by 3-4-Hz spike-wave discharges (SWDs) on electroencephalography (EEG). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract Absence seizures are 5-10 s episodes of impaired consciousness accompanied by 3-4 Hz generalized spike-and-wave discharge on electroencephalography (EEG). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Focal Epilepsy - Speech Disorder - Mental Retardation

CSWS = continuous (85% to 100%) mainly bisynchronous 1.5 to 2 Hz (and 3 to 4 Hz) spikes and waves during non-REM sleep. Ictal EEG Seizure dependent. [epilepsy.com]

Hyperventilation(HV) for 3 to 4 minutes usually will produce 3-Hz spike and wave activity if present. [pediatrics.emory.edu]

Common finding is 1-4 Hz (predominant 2-3 Hz) generalized spike and wave or poly spike and wave discharges. [studystack.com]

Familial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Type 1

Subject III:2, who was treated at our institution, had pyknolepsy, onset at age 3 years, with 4-Hz generalized spike-wave and polyspike-wave activity on EEG. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

ABS, nocturnal GTC; pyknolepsy 4 hz generalized spike-wave and polyspike wave (EEG tracing and report from our institution) None None Family G had a missense mutation in exon [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] and slow-wave activity with right sided predominance (EEG report from treating physician) Distortion Flowery olfactory aura, visual distortions and flickering lights III:2 3 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Complex Cortical Dysplasia with other Brain Malformations Type 2

Childhood absence epilepsy with tonicclonic seizures and electroencephalogram 3-4-Hz spike and multispikeslow wave complexes: linkage to chromosome 8q24. [books.google.es]

Familial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Type 8

Subject III:2, who was treated at our institution, had pyknolepsy, onset at age 3 years, with 4-Hz generalized spike-wave and polyspike-wave activity on EEG. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

ABS, nocturnal GTC; pyknolepsy 4 hz generalized spike-wave and polyspike wave (EEG tracing and report from our institution) None None Family G had a missense mutation in exon [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] and slow-wave activity with right sided predominance (EEG report from treating physician) Distortion Flowery olfactory aura, visual distortions and flickering lights III:2 3 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acquired Epileptic Aphasia

CSWS = continuous (85% to 100%) mainly bisynchronous 1.5 to 2 Hz (and 3 to 4 Hz) spikes and waves during non-REM sleep. Ictal EEG Seizure dependent. [epilepsy.com]

Generalized Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures plus Type 4

Childhood absence epilepsy with tonicclonic seizures and electroencephalogram 3-4-Hz spike and multispikeslow wave complexes: linkage to chromosome 8q24. [books.google.es]

Childhood absence epilepsy with tonic–clonic seizures and electroencephalogram 3–4‐Hz spike and multispike–slow wave complexes: linkage to chromosome 8q24. [academic.oup.com]

Generalized paroxysms of spikes and spike wave complexes (3–4 Hz) were observed in EEG. [omicsonline.org]

Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy Type 4

Childhood absence epilepsy with tonicclonic seizures and electroencephalogram 3-4-Hz spike and multispikeslow wave complexes: linkage to chromosome 8q24. [books.google.it]

Familial Focal Epilepsy with Variable Foci

Childhood absence epilepsy with tonicclonic seizures and electroencephalogram 3-4-Hz spike and multispikeslow wave complexes: linkage to chromosome 8q24. [books.google.es]

Familial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Type 6

Childhood absence epilepsy with tonicclonic seizures and electroencephalogram 3-4-Hz spike and multispikeslow wave complexes: linkage to chromosome 8q24. [books.google.es]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 13

Childhood absence epilepsy with tonicclonic seizures and electroencephalogram 3-4-Hz spike and multispikeslow wave complexes: linkage to chromosome 8q24. [books.google.es]

EEG at age of 8 months showed sharp and spike waves in the right frontal during sleeping period, and 3–4 Hz slow-wave complexes in the occipital region during awake period [bmcmedgenet.biomedcentral.com]

[…] waves in the right frontal during sleep period, and 3–4 Hz slow-wave complexes in the occipital during awake period (8 m) Normal (7 m) Seizures were controlled by LEV (48.9 [bmcmedgenet.biomedcentral.com]