Akathisia: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Akathisia

[…] basis of RLS and akathisia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, the underlying causes and appropriate treatments for akathisia and RLS are different. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Due to the clinical commonalities of akathisia and RLS, we investigated the behavior of LLFR in patients with akathisia aiming to understand pathophysiology of akathisia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute Amphetamine Intoxication

Integumentary Excessive sweating Rash, pruritus Abscess, cellulitis Gastrointestinal Abdominal pain Nausea/vomiting Constipation/diarrhea Jaundice Rectal pain Psychiatric Akathisia [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

[…] mouth”) Dental abscess Cardiovascular Tachycardia Hypertension Murmur Pulmonary Tachypnea Wheezing Central nervous system Hyperthermia Confusion Focal deficits Seizures Coma Akathisia [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Tardive Akathisia

A clinical and polysomnography comparison of neuroleptic-induced akathisia and the idiopathic restless legs syndrome. [cambridge.org]

The development of the concept of akathisia: a historical overview. Schizophr Res 1995;l6(1):33–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar 2Walters, AS, Hening, W. Rubinstein, M, et al. [cambridge.org]

Aripiprazole

By 12 weeks, investigators reported no difference between aripiprazole and lithium (SAS, BAS, AIMS), except in terms of participant-reported akathisia (RR 2.97, 95% CI 1.37 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Aripiprazole can cause side effects including headache, insomnia, agitation, nervousness, lightheadedness, dizziness, somnolence, akathisia, and weight gain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] tolerated relative to other antipsychotic medications, although commonly reported side effects include worsening extrapyramidal symptoms and motoric activation similar to akathisia [dx.doi.org]

Haldol

Treatment of Akathisia Akathisia refers to an uncomfortable sense of internal restlessness, accompanied by constant movement of the legs or pacing back and forth. [livestrong.com]

Akathisia refers to an uncomfortable sense of internal restlessness, accompanied by constant movement of the legs or pacing back and forth. [livestrong.com]

Haloperidol ( Symptoms or Effects ) Common: Akathisia, akinesia,lethargy / sleepiness, low blood pressure, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, weight gain, difficulty [psyweb.com]

Antipsychotic Agent

Abstract This article reviews what causes clinicians to overlook or underdiagnose akathisia. [doi.org]

She was rated on Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BAS) and on global clinical assessment for akathisia, she was rated as four, indicative of marked akathisia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] pathophysiology of akathisia is incomplete. [mdedge.com]

Zotepine

[…] than first generation antipsychotics, and may also cause less akathisia and dystonia. [library.neura.edu.au]

[…] such as repetitive, involuntary, and purposeless body or facial movements, Parkinsonism (cogwheel muscle rigidity, pill-rolling tremor and reduced or slowed movements), akathisia [library.neura.edu.au]

[…] antipsychotics in general, high quality evidence suggests zotepine is associated with greater clinical response, with improved global and mental state Zotepine causes less akathisia [library.neura.edu.au]

Thiothixene

75% of the patients experienced akathisia by the seventh day. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Side effects on high dose included several instances of EPS: akathisia and tremor, and transient CNS stimulation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A high incidence of akathisia in the thiothixene group was responsible for a statistically significant difference between groups in the number of central nervous system symptoms [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Risperidone

Patients with comorbid tic disorders had the poorest rate of response and highest rate of akathisia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Adverse reactions “The most common adverse reactions in clinical trials (>5% and twice placebo) were parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, tremor, sedation, dizziness, anxiety [aap.org]

No evidence of a difference between treatment groups could be observed for incidence of akathisia after 24 hours (RR 1.67, 95% CI 0.46 to 6.06; very low-quality evidence). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Thioridazine

There were no differences between remoxipride and thioridazine on dystonia, hypokinesia, dyskinesia, rigidity and akathisia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Behavioral deterioration following neuroleptic taper can represent (a) relapse of a mental illness, (b) and anticholinergic rebound reaction, (c) tardive akathisia, and (d [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

‘In some cases, patients who experience unacceptable rigidity, akathisia, or dystonia with high potency agents may benefit from a lower potency neuroleptic such as thiothixene [oxforddictionaries.com]

Dementia

Nurse managers checked lists of psychomotor adverse effects, including 13 items describing pseudoparkinsonism, akathisia, acute dystonic reaction and tardive dyskinesia. [doi.org]

Phenothiazine

Metoclopramide appears to result in roughly the same incidence of acute dystonic reactions, akathisia, or hypotension as the phenothiazines. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Convulsions (seizures) Disorientation, coma (lack of responsiveness) Drowsiness Fever Low body temperature Restlessness linked with repeated foot shuffling, rocking, or pacing (akathisia [mountsinai.org]

These drugs have antipsychotic and, often, antiemetic properties, although they may also cause severe side effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms (including akathisia and [en.wikipedia.org]

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Abstract Our aim was to evaluate the cut-off value and efficiency of using reticulocyte hemoglobin content as a marker to diagnose iron deficiency anemia in Chinese adults. 140 adults who needed bone marrow aspiration for diagnosis at the hematology department of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital were[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Agitated Depression

[…] and akathisia present at the same time, which is very difficult to determine in everyday clinical practice. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The authors describe two cases of tardive akathisia following metoclopramide therapy, in which there were concomitant symptoms of agitated depression. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

英和・和英シソーラスコーパス ‣ 語句を含むで始まるで終わるに一致 ▼ 詳細検索シソーラス検索結果精神運動性激越　psychomotor agitation PubMed, Scholar, Google, Wikipedia 同義語（異表記）： Akathisia Psychomotor Agitation Psychomotor [lsd-project.jp]

Narcolepsy

Epidemiology Narcolepsy is a frequent disorder: it is the second leading cause of excessive daytime sleepiness diagnosed by sleep centers after obstructive sleep apnea. Studies on the epidemiology of narcolepsy show an incidence of 0.2 to 1.6 per thousand in European countries, Japan and the United States, a[…] [med.stanford.edu]

Drug-Induced Dystonia

AKATHISIA The word akathisia is a derivative of the Greek word meaning "not to sit." [uspharmacist.com]

Delayed onset of involuntary contractions of muscle groups (tardive dystonia) or motor restlessness (tardive akathisia) Medication-induced postural tremor Tremor that occurs [hopkinsguides.com]

Prevention also is the key to managing akathisia. [the-hospitalist.org]

Orofacial Dyskinesia

Akathisia Akathisia refers to complex movements such as tics, compulsions, and mannerisms that are stereotypic and usually relieved when executing a motor act. [encyclopedia.com]

The term "tardive dyskinesia" was first introduced in 1964 and is now commonly used to identify any tardive movement disorder, including stereotypy, akathisia, dystonia, myoclonus [medlink.com]

[…] therapy and is clinically similar to acute akathisia. 2 Medication-induced postural tremor is expressed as a fine tremor that occurs when the patient attempts to maintain [uspharmacist.com]

Extrapyramidal Disorder

These symptoms include: Akathisia. Akathisia is a condition of motor restlessness. [healthfoxx.com]

This volume discusses the extensive clinical boundaries of acute dystonias, drug-induced parkinsonism, akathisia and tardive dyskinesia, providing demographic and epidemiological [books.google.com]

Akathisia The extrapyramidal effect of akathisia is described as a feeling of restlessness and an inability to stay still. [livestrong.com]

Phenothiazine Poisoning

THE NEUROLOGICAL syndromes due to phenothiazines, consisting of dystonia, akathisia, and a parkinsonian state, have been frequently described.1-4 Symptoms of phenothiazine [jamanetwork.com]

Metoclopramide appears to result in roughly the same incidence of acute dystonic reactions, akathisia, or hypotension as the phenothiazines. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

[…] side effects of treatment are more Common for the extrapyramidal reaction, the clinical can be seen in the following three categories: tremor paralysis syndrome; sit still (akathisia [healthfrom.com]

Antidepressant Toxicity

Tardive Dyskinesia/Dystonia, Parkinsonism & Akathisia S SRI & SSNRI antidepressants induced side-effects (Iatrogenic Extrapyramidal Symptoms) are recognized to be similar [antidepressantsfacts.com]

[…] secondary to urinary retention Neuro: Initially altered mental status including delirium and agitation followed by lethargy and stupor, seizure activity, myoclonus, dystonia, akathisia [coreem.net]

Akathisia can be described as a subjective sense of unease and motor restlessness. It can be misinterpreted as increasing agitation or anxiety. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Secondary Parkinsonism

The Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS) was used to identify groups with (AG;N=27) and without (CG;N=25) akathisia. [go.gale.com]

Olfactory dysfunction, Oral pain, akathisia, genital pain These are pre-parkinsonism features and thought to be due to neuronal loss in the corticomedial amygdala or to decreased [medicaljoyworks.com]

Such reactions vary—from acute dystonic reaction, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia all the way up to full-blown parkinsonism. [mdedge.com]

Cardiac Dyskinesia

Akathisia – subjective sense of restlessness often with voluntary movements of the trunk and limbs. Can be very distressing to the patients. [errolozdalga.com]

[…] therapy and is clinically similar to acute akathisia. 2 Medication-induced postural tremor is expressed as a fine tremor that occurs when the patient attempts to maintain [uspharmacist.com]

AKATHISIA Akathisia is described subjectively as a feeling of inner restlessness that can be manifested as excessive pacing or inability to remain still for any length of [aafp.org]

Pyramidal Tract Disorder

These symptoms include: Akathisia. Akathisia is a condition of motor restlessness. [healthfoxx.com]

G25.9 G25.69 Other tics of organic origin G25.7 Other and unspecified drug induced movement disorders G25.70 Drug induced movement disorder, unspecified G25.71 Drug induced akathisia [icd10data.com]

Extrapyramidal signs/symptoms are due to the side effects from dopamine blockade such as Dyskinesias (pseudoparkinsonism, dystonia, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia). [forums.studentdoctor.net]

Senile Chorea

Akathisia, Drug-Induced Angelman syndrome Ataxia + Athetosis + benign shuddering attacks Beta-Ureidopropionase Deficiency Bobble-Head Doll Syndrome Catalepsy choreatic disease [rgd.mcw.edu]

Subacute Most subacute reactions result in akathisia. [stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu]

Akathisia and other movement disorders also occur as tardive variants. 10 Clinical Point TD often is masked by ongoing antipsychotic treatment and becomes apparent only when [mdedge.com]

Oromandibular Dystonia

/Restlessness Akathisia 5 11 Dystonia* 1 1 Parkinsonism** 8 13 Restlessness 1 4 Note: Figures rounded to the nearest integer *Dystonia includes adverse event terms: dystonia [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Presence of stereotypic movements in the limbs, akathisia, and respiratory dyskinesias in patients with OMD strongly suggests prior neuroleptic exposure. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Limb stereotypies, akathisia, and respiratory dyskinesia were seen only in tardive OMD. [jnnp.bmj.com]

Acute Stress Disorder

Acute stress disorder is a brief period of intrusive recollections occurring within 4 weeks of witnessing or experiencing an overwhelming traumatic event. In acute stress disorder, people have been through a traumatic event, experiencing it directly (eg, as a serious injury or the threat of death) or indirectly (eg,[…] [msdmanuals.com]

Drug-Induced Headache

Diphenhydramine for the prevention of akathisia induced by prochlorperazine: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;37(2):125–31. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prochlorperazine induces akathisia in emergency patients. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;34(4 Pt 1):469–75. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 26. Vinson DR, Drotts DL. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Fibular Dimelia-Diplopodia Syndrome

Acataphasia Acataposis Acatastasia Acatastatic Alveolar process of mandible Acatharsia Alveolar resorption Acathectic Alveolar resorption Acathexia ) Acathexis Acathisia = akathisia [pdfslide.us]

Dyskinesia

Because this association is poorly understood, three possibilities are suggested: (1) The occurrence of akathisia may predispose to subsequent tardive dyskinesia; (2) Akathisia [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Akathisia. Akathisia is “a feeling of inner restlessness that can be manifested as excessive pacing or inability to remain still for any length of time.” [timeofcare.com]

Akathisia vs. tardive dyskinesia Akathisia is a sense of pronounced restlessness and an inability to sit still. [medicinenet.com]

Tardive Dyskinesia

Three common TD variants, which may be acute or tardive (occurring after long-term antipsychotic therapy), are: akathisia, a distressing and at times irresistible urge to [mdedge.com]

The Barnes Akathisia Scale, 15 done by the RA at baseline and all subsequent visits, assessed akathisia. [jamanetwork.com]

Akathisia and other movement disorders also occur as tardive variants. 10 Clinical Point TD often is masked by ongoing antipsychotic treatment and becomes apparent only when [mdedge.com]