Amnesia: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Amnesia

Post-traumatic amnesia in a worker presenting with head trauma must be recognised by coworkers, so the cause of injury can be elicited early and the victim gets timely medical [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

or severe (loss of consciousness or amnesia for more than 24 hours, subdural hematoma, or brain contusion). [content.nejm.org]

We include athletes who have lost consciousness for more than five minutes or experienced amnesia for more than 24 hours in the Grade 5 category. [brighamhealthhub.org]

Brain Concussion

Some individuals with concussion also have post-traumatic amnesia, meaning a loss of memory for events immediately after they regain consciousness. [weillcornellbrainandspine.org]

A period of amnesia, or not recalling what has happened, is essential to the diagnosis of concussion. [brainfoundation.org.au]

There is often a brief period (seconds or minutes) of retrograde amnesia, meaning a loss of memory for the events immediately prior to the concussion. [weillcornellbrainandspine.org]

Traumatic Brain Injury

A moderate head injury is defined as loss of consciousness for between 15 minutes and six hours, or a period of post-traumatic amnesia of up to 24 hours. [headway.org.uk]

This is the period of post-traumatic amnesia. The longer the duration of amnesia, the more severe the brain damage. [biami.org]

This period will approximate the duration of posttraumatic amnesia. [web.archive.org]

Alcohol Dementia

These are the characteristics of anterograde amnesia. Research shows that anterograde amnesia results from a failure of memory formation and storage. [dementiatoday.net]

In contrast, retrograde amnesia will aggravate disorientation in time, space and among other people. [symptoma.com]

Alcohol-related alcoholic dementia, also known as Korsakoff’s Syndrome, is characterized by amnesia, volatile mood changes, and balance problems that can lead to falls and [helpforalzheimersfamilies.com]

Benzodiazepine Overdose

CONCLUSION: Anterograde amnesia is present in suicide attempters who take overdoses of benzodiazepines. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It provides anxiolysis, sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anterograde amnesia, respiratory depression and an anticonvulsant effect but has no analgesic properties [dentalcare.com]

One hundred and thirty patients responded positively to flumazenil, characterized by improved response to painful stimuli, and decreased amnesia. [mjiri.iums.ac.ir]

Transient Global Amnesia

Posted in amnesia, hallucination, Memory loss, psychogenic fugue state, soap opera amnesia, transient global amnesia Tagged amnesia, anteriograde amnesia, Brain imaging, concussion [mmcneuro.wordpress.com]

An isolated prolonged episode of transient amnesia can be a major manifestation of transient global amnesia (TGA) and transient epileptic amnesia (TEA). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] as transient global amnesia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

General Anesthesia

The patient moves from analgesia without amnesia to analgesia with amnesia Stage 2, or excitement stage: The period following a loss of consciousness, characterized by excited [medicalnewstoday.com]

These gases are supplemented with intravenous drugs designed to ensure amnesia (forgetfulness) and provide analgesia (pain control) after surgery. [northeasternanesthesia.com]

Under general anesthesia, the patient is unable to feel pain and may also have amnesia. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Defining the phase of memory processing most relevant to this form of amnesia, and the roles of physiological and structural pathology, requires further research. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Autobiographical amnesia and accelerated forgetting in transient epileptic amnesia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1387–91. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] demonstrate the diagnostic value of a nonvisual fMRI task to lateralize MTLE despite congenital blindness and may therefore contribute to the risk assessment for postsurgical amnesia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Alcoholic Amnestic Disorder

There are multiple types of amnesia, including retrograde amnesia, anterograde amnesia, and transient global amnesia. [healthline.com]

This type of amnesia is known as retrograde amnesia. [allaboutcounseling.com]

The two main required symptoms for diagnosis are both forms of amnesia: anterograde amnesia, which causes loss of the ability to create memories, and retrograde amnesia, which [quitalcohol.com]

Wernicke Encephalopathy

(WE) is a medical emergency caused by thiamine deficiency, characterized by cerebellar ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and cognitive disturbances that may progress to Korsakoff amnesia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] ataxia ophthalmoplegia Wernicke encephalopathy can evolve into the chronic form of thiamine deficiency known as Korsakoff psychosis, characterized by: memory loss (global amnesia [radiopaedia.org]

Of patients surviving WE, an important percentage will manifest WKS, characterized by the following: retrograde amnesia (inability to recall information), anterograde amnesia [emedicine.medscape.com]

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

A neuropsychological evaluation at 14 months post-surgery revealed anterograde amnesia for verbal and visual-perceptual material. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Anterograde amnesia could therefore be the expression of damage to an extended hippocampal system, and the distinction between temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesia has limited [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract The neural correlate of anterograde amnesia in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is still debated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Brain Contusion

We include athletes who have lost consciousness for more than five minutes or experienced amnesia for more than 24 hours in the Grade 5 category. [brighamhealthhub.org]

This is the period of posttraumatic amnesia. The longer the duration of amnesia, the more severe the brain damage. [msktc.org]

Other signs of mild trauma may include impaired sensory perception, temporary confusion or amnesia, and personality changes. [wisegeek.com]

Dissociative Amnesia

In virtually all patients, only retrograde amnesia is evident, whereas anterograde amnesia is absent. [symptoma.com]

Amnesia had persisted at six months follow up. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

posthypnotic amnesia, infantile and childhood amnesia, and amnesia for sleep and dreaming. [recurrentdepression.com]

Temporal Lobe Disorder

[…] of future-thinking and memory impairments in amnesia may be related. [jneurosci.org]

The difference between retrograde and anterograde amnesia is that retrograde amnesia is loss of memory from before an event. [patient.info]

By definition, amnesia occurs during a complex partial seizure because of bilateral hemispheric involvement. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Phencyclidine Intoxication

The prevalent clinical signs and symptoms were the following: retrograde amnesia, nystagmus, hypertension, and psychomotor agitation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

QID: 205717 Miosis, drowsiness, constipation Disorientation, hallucinations, hostility Amnesia, ataxia, stupor, somnolence Hyperphagia, hypersomnolence, fatigue Restlessness [step1.medbullets.com]

Phencyclidine Intoxication These are some of the common signs and symptoms of phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication: Desire to undress Belligerent behavior Hallucinations Confusion, amnesia [gomentor.com]

Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures

Blue skin color After the seizure, the person may have: Confusion Drowsiness or sleepiness that lasts for 1 hour or longer (called the post-ictal state) Loss of memory (amnesia [medlineplus.gov]

Total amnesia of the seizure. [dentalcare.com]

[…] breathing Blue lips Arched back After the seizure the patient may experience: Confusion Feeling sleepy or drowsy for 1 hour or longer (post-ictal state) Loss of memory (amnesia [cedars-sinai.edu]

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Abstract Retrograde amnesia following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a major concern for both patients and clinicians. [doi.org]

Retrograde amnesia following electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a major concern for both patients and clinicians. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bilateral ECT caused more marked amnesia for events and details than RUL ECT, and especially for impersonal memories. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Electrocution by Lightning

Unconsciousness and amnesia are common, and there may be transient paralysis of limbs or paresthesia. Cerebral infarction may occur from arrhythmia and embolization. [braininjury.com]

Nervous : When the central nervous system is affected, a number of side effects can occur such as dementia, amnesia, temporary paralysis, impaired reflexes, memory gaps and [science.howstuffworks.com]

Retrograde amnesia is less common. [emsworld.com]

Electrical Injury

A 30-year-old lady developed amnesia and spastic paraparesis with loss of pin prick sensation below the second thoracic spinal segment following electrocution. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

One year later, neurobehavioral, language and memory evaluations strongly suggested a dissociative component in the mutism and retrograde amnesia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Once she regained consciousness after 24 h, she was found to have amnesia about the event and weakness and loss of sensation of lower limbs. [nature.com]

Limbic Encephalitis

We report a case of limbic encephalitis in a 56-year-old man, revealed by anterograde amnesia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CONCLUSIONS: AK5-Abs should be systematically considered in aged patients with subacute anterograde amnesia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

At onset, his memory disturbance manifested as transient global amnesia-like episodes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Kleine-Levin Syndrome

During episodes, patients suddenly present hypersomnia (with sleep lasting 15-21 h/d), cognitive impairment (major apathy, confusion, slowness, amnesia), and a specific feeling [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

During episodes, patients with prolonged episodes had shorter sleep time, higher levels of anxiety, increased agitation, and more feelings of disembodiment and amnesia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It is characterized by episodes lasting from 1 to several weeks, and comprises neurological (hypersomnia, confusion, slowness, amnesia) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (derealization [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Temporal Lobe Tumor

The difference between retrograde and anterograde amnesia is that retrograde amnesia is loss of memory from before an event. [patient.info]

[9] Damage specifically to the anterior portion of the left temporal lobe can cause savant syndrome. [10] Disorders [ edit ] Pick's disease, also known as frontotemporal amnesia [en.wikipedia.org]

Anterograde amnesia is loss of memory between the event and the present time. [patient.info]

Hepatic Encephalopathy

between 30 and 45 percent of people with cirrhosis will develop some signs of hepatic encephalopathy, whether it be mild forms of forgetfulness or more severe bouts of amnesia [verywell.com]

Grade 3 : somnolent but rousable, unable to perform mental tasks, disorientation to time and place, marked confusion, amnesia, occasional fits of rage, speech is present but [oxfordmedicaleducation.com]

slow responses Asterixis, dysarthria, ataxia and hypoactive reflexes Triphasic waves (5 cycles/s) 3 Somnolence but rousable, confusion Disorientation as regards place; amnesia [doi.org]

Hypoglycemic Encephalopathy

Bilateral hippocampal damage causes Korsakoff's amnesia. [neuropathology-web.org]

anterograde amnesia, confabulations (invented memories), poor recall and disorientation. [4] Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis. [en.wikipedia.org]

O A 52-year-old woman presented with low- grade fever, headache, disorientation, amnesia, bad response to communication, numbness in the right hand, blurred vision in the [slideshare.net]

Cerebral Arteriosclerosis

[…] arteriosclerosis of the brain, the signs and symptoms of which may be neurological (such as aphasia, athetosis, chorea, dementia, parkinsonism), or cognitive and affective (such as amnesia [oxfordreference.com]

As arteriosclerotic brain disease progresses, amnesia tends to extend further into the past, embracing personal experience and general or common information. [britannica.com]

Transient global amnesia. Acta neurol. scand. 40, (suppl. 9) 7 (1964) Google Scholar Gänshirt, H. (Hrsg.): Der Hirnkreislauf. [link.springer.com]

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

Severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia, naming deficits, perseverative behaviors and confabulations were observed on neuropsychological assessment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Amnesia in temporal lobectomy patients: historical perspective and review. Seizure 1998 ;7(1):15–24. [pubs.rsna.org]

In conclusion, the most frequent neurological sequelae were aphasia and amnesia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Subdural Hematoma

[…] injury Loss of consciousness or fluctuating levels of consciousness Irritability Seizures Pain Numbness Headache (either constant or fluctuating) Dizziness Disorientation Amnesia [neurolaw.com]

This period will approximate the duration of posttraumatic amnesia. [doi.org]

These signs include confusion, loss of consciousness, amnesia, and focal neurological deficits. [doi.org]

Subacute Combined Degeneration of Spinal Cord

The syndrome has 2 components: Wernickes encephalopathy (WE), and Korsakoffs amnesia (KA). [neuropathologyweb.org]

An identical memory defect ( Korsakoff's amnesia ) is caused by bilateral hippocampal damage. [neuropathologyweb.org]

Anterograde amnesia has been reported in thalamic infarcts involving the mammillothalamic tracts (which project to the anterior thalamic nuclei). [neuropathologyweb.org]

Insulinoma

Neuroglycopenic symtoms oberserved in patients are headache, confusion, lethargy, diplopia, blurred vision, amnesia, seizures and in more severe cases unconsciousness. [symptoma.com]

Neuroglycopenia Adrenergic Diplopia (double vision) Weakness, warmth Blurred vision Sweating Confusion, Abnormal behavior Hunger Amnesia to Symptoms, Events Tremor Seizures [endocrinediseases.org]

[…] with diabetes treated with insulin who may show reduction in spontaneous movements and speech, somnolence, poor thinking and work performance, changes in personality and amnesia [patient.info]

Alcohol Hallucinosis

[…] frequently sleep disorders, transient cerebral ischemia, paroxysmal movement disorders, endocrine or metabolic dysfunction, delirium, psychiatric conditions or transient global amnesia [books.google.com]

Korsakoff’s Psychosis causes amnesia, apathy, confabulation, personality changes, and repetitive behaviors. [consumerhealthlabs.com]

and unable to learn new information (anterograde amnesia). [encyclopedia.com]