Amnesia & Subcortical White Matter Lesions in the Temporal Lobes (MRI): Causes & Reasons

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Patient File

Sex unknown, Age unknown

Reported Symptoms

Amnesia, Subcortical White Matter Lesions in the Temporal Lobes (MRI),

Negated

None

Unsure

None

Possible Causes

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

[…] strokes and dementia Caused by a mutation of Notch 3 gene on chromosome 19 MRI shows diffuse white matter lesions on the cerebral hemispheres, especially in the anterior [goinggentleintothatgoodnight.com]

Anterograde amnesia could therefore be the expression of damage to an extended hippocampal system, and the distinction between temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesia has limited [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A neuropsychological evaluation at 14 months post-surgery revealed anterograde amnesia for verbal and visual-perceptual material. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Pick Disease of The Brain

An amnesia score (Berliner Amnesietest-Kurzform) and the d2 test were highly pathological. [jnnp.bmj.com]

temporal lobes and external capsules With early-onset vascular dementia, there are usually lifestyle factors involved such as uncontrolled or undetected high blood pressure [goinggentleintothatgoodnight.com]

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Acute Alcohol Intoxication

dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) will be inversely correlated with the magnitude of acute behavioral responses to alcohol (sedation, anxiolysis, amnesia [clinicaltrials.gov]

[…] significant impairments to coordination and balance significant impairments to judgment and reaction time dangerous impairments to skills necessary for driving vomiting blackouts (amnesia [medicalnewstoday.com]

Impaired sensations Inhibited sexual desire (ISD) Mood swings Nausea Partial loss of understanding Possibility of stupor Vomiting Amnesia (memory blackout) Unconsciousness [en.wikipedia.org]

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Vitamin B12 Deficiency

This can consequentially lead to very severe symptoms of deficiency, ranging from depression over the destruction of nerves in limbs and the spinal cord to severe amnesia. [b12-vitamin.com]

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Alcohol Abuse

[…] alcoholism manifest as follows: Wernicke encephalopathy: Ataxia, ophthalmoplegia (usually lateral gaze palsy), and confusion Korsakoff syndrome: Anterograde and retrograde amnesia [emedicine.medscape.com]

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Hypoglycemia

[…] weakness; palpitations; irritability; nervousness; tingling or warmth sensation; hunger; nausea; and vomiting Neuroglucopenic signs and symptoms: confusion, drowsiness, amnesia [ems1.com]

[…] with diabetes treated with insulin who may show reduction in spontaneous movements and speech, somnolence, poor thinking and work performance, changes in personality and amnesia [patient.info]

Hypoglycemia symptoms include hunger, nausea, headache, rage, lethargy, daydreams, confusion, amnesia, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, anxiety, jittery feelings, adrenaline [drlam.com]

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Substance Abuse Problems

Higher doses can cause amnesia, paranoia and hallucinations, depression, and difficulty breathing. [emedicinehealth.com]

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Head Trauma

Post-traumatic amnesia in a worker presenting with head trauma must be recognised by coworkers, so the cause of injury can be elicited early and the victim gets timely medical [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Concussion: symptoms of amnesia and confusion. Duration of amnesia is predictive of injury severity. [patient.info]

Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that absence of retrograde amnesia (odds ratio [OR] 4.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8-9.7) was associated with noncompliance [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Brain Concussion

Some individuals with concussion also have post-traumatic amnesia, meaning a loss of memory for events immediately after they regain consciousness. [weillcornellbrainandspine.org]

A period of amnesia, or not recalling what has happened, is essential to the diagnosis of concussion. [brainfoundation.org.au]

There is often a brief period (seconds or minutes) of retrograde amnesia, meaning a loss of memory for the events immediately prior to the concussion. [weillcornellbrainandspine.org]

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Endogenous Depression

This condition is called retrograde amnesia. You may also have trouble recalling events that occurred during the weeks of your treatment. [mayoclinic.org]

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Chronic Alcoholism

Abstract Korsakoff syndrome (KS) is characterized by dense anterograde and retrograde amnesia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Alcoholic Korsakoff's Syndrome; An Information Processing Approach to Amnesia. Academic Press, New York. Google Scholar Carlen, P. L. (1982). [link.springer.com]

[…] dependence ( Table 5 ). 16 The 10-question Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (BMAST) and the five-question TWEAK (Tolerance, Worry about drinking, Eye-opener drinks, Amnesia [aafp.org]

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Traumatic Brain Injury

This period will approximate the duration of posttraumatic amnesia. [web.archive.org]

This is the period of post-traumatic amnesia. The longer the duration of amnesia, the more severe the brain damage. [biami.org]

These problems become more common with increasing severity of brain injury as indicated by duration of loss of consciousness or of posttraumatic amnesia. [doi.org]

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Alzheimer Disease

Amnesia: A minimal model and an interpretation. In Cermak, L. S. (ed.), Human Memory and Amnesia, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 305–336. [oadoi.org]

Eventually almost every domain of cognition will be dismantled, but amnesia remains at the heart of trying to discover the cause of the brain's degeneration. [theguardian.com]

The long and short of it in amnesia. In Cermak, L. S. (ed.), Human Memory and Amnesia, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 43–60. Google Scholar Cermak, L. [oadoi.org]

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Alcohol Dementia

These are the characteristics of anterograde amnesia. Research shows that anterograde amnesia results from a failure of memory formation and storage. [dementiatoday.net]

In contrast, retrograde amnesia will aggravate disorientation in time, space and among other people. [symptoma.com]

Alcohol-related alcoholic dementia, also known as Korsakoff’s Syndrome, is characterized by amnesia, volatile mood changes, and balance problems that can lead to falls and [helpforalzheimersfamilies.com]

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Stroke

[…] of the limbic system, and stroke is the only etiology of amnesia that can delineate the entire pathway of memory and critical convergence points. (3) Stroke also impairs [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Papanicolaou, AC, Levin, HS, Eisenberg, HM, Moore, BD, Goethe, KE, High, WM Evoked potential correlates of posttraumatic amnesia after closed head injury. [journals.sagepub.com]

[…] with the associated deficits often illuminates additional aspects of memory functions. (2) Stroke produces amnesia by damage to critical convergence white matter connections [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Defining the phase of memory processing most relevant to this form of amnesia, and the roles of physiological and structural pathology, requires further research. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] demonstrate the diagnostic value of a nonvisual fMRI task to lateralize MTLE despite congenital blindness and may therefore contribute to the risk assessment for postsurgical amnesia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The second patient showed a sudden fearful expression, followed by oral automatisms, staring, and amnesia for the event. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Transient Ischemic Attack

Noncerebrovascular Conditions Misdiagnosed as TIA GPs Emergency MDs Syncope 4 4 Convulsion 1 2 Transient global amnesia 1 2 Posttraumatic amnesia 1 1 Dementia 1 … Sedative [doi.org]

Vertebro-basilar artery syndrome G45.1 Carotid artery syndrome (hemispheric) G45.2 Multiple and bilateral precerebral artery syndromes G45.3 Amaurosis fugax G45.4 Transient global amnesia [icd10data.com]

[…] simultaneously) in TIA Other diagnoses to consider: Hypoglycemia (it CAN cause focal symptomatology), subdural hematoma, brain tumor, labyrinthitis/neuronitis, transient global amnesia [emergencymedicinecases.com]

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Migraine

Some children also experience recurrent episodes of transient amnesia and confusion. Episodes typically last less than 6 hours and are followed by deep sleep. [emedicine.com]

Retrosplenial amnesia. Brain 110, 1631–1646 (1987). 42. Donchin, O., Gribova, A., Steinberg, O., Bergman, H. & Vaadia, E. [doi.org]

Transient global amnesia: a review emphasizing pathogenic aspects. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2000; 102 :275–283. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 5. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Preeclampsia

Headache (80%), usually frontal Generalized edema (50%) Vision disturbance (40%), such as blurred vision and photophobia Right upper quadrant abdominal pain with nausea (20%) Amnesia [emedicine.com]

Examples of symptoms include intrusive symptoms, flashbacks and nightmares, as well as symptoms of avoidance (including amnesia for the whole or parts of the event), problems [en.wikipedia.org]

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Dementia

As arteriosclerotic brain disease progresses, amnesia tends to extend further into the past,… Read More [britannica.com]

Graveline, for one, is certain that Lipitor was to blame for his 1999 amnesia incident. [scientificamerican.com]

When Graveline’s memory returned some six hours later in the hospital, he racked his brain to figure out what might have caused this terrifying bout of amnesia. [scientificamerican.com]

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Benzodiazepine Overdose

CONCLUSION: Anterograde amnesia is present in suicide attempters who take overdoses of benzodiazepines. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It provides anxiolysis, sedation, hypnosis, skeletal muscle relaxation, anterograde amnesia, respiratory depression and an anticonvulsant effect but has no analgesic properties [dentalcare.com]

One hundred and thirty patients responded positively to flumazenil, characterized by improved response to painful stimuli, and decreased amnesia. [mjiri.iums.ac.ir]

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Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

[…] whether those outcomes could be predicted by: time, gender, age, relationship, education, employment pre-injury, occupation, GCS, cause of injury, length of post-traumatic amnesia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Outcome measures were AIS incidence, duration of posttraumatic amnesia, Functional Independence Measure, and Disability Rating Scale, at rehabilitation discharge. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

age, years of education), injury characteristics (Glasgow Coma Scale score, MRI findings such as traumatic axonal injury (TAI), or duration of posttraumatic amnesia), symptoms [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Epilepsy

[…] the second case report a 21-year-old female was referred with a typical history of narcolepsy type 1, but also with atypical episodes of gazing and automatic behavior with amnesia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

transient global amnesia All Submit all pertinent medical records, current status report, to include name and dosage of medication(s) and side effects Requires FAA Decision [faa.gov]

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Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Myoclonic epilepsy）头痛偏头痛家族性偏瘫型偏头痛（英语：Familial hemiplegic migraine）丛集性头痛紧张性头痛（英语：Tension headache）脑血管疾病短暂性脑缺血发作一时性黑蒙（英语：Amaurosis fugax）暂时性全面失忆症（英语：Transient global amnesia [beichengjiu.com]

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Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures

Total amnesia of the seizure. [dentalcare.com]

Blue skin color After the seizure, the person may have: Confusion Drowsiness or sleepiness that lasts for 1 hour or longer (called the post-ictal state) Loss of memory (amnesia [medlineplus.gov]

[…] breathing Blue lips Arched back After the seizure the patient may experience: Confusion Feeling sleepy or drowsy for 1 hour or longer (post-ictal state) Loss of memory (amnesia [cedars-sinai.edu]

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Subdural Hematoma

Trauma Cause(s) In most cases, an injury to the top of the skull Symptoms Loss of consciousness, irritability, seizure, pain, numbness, headache, dizziness, disorientation, amnesia [house.wikia.com]

[…] injury Loss of consciousness or fluctuating levels of consciousness Irritability Seizures Pain Numbness Headache (either constant or fluctuating) Dizziness Disorientation Amnesia [neurolaw.com]

He complained of a headache and inability to recall specific events involving his transport to the emergency department (anterograde amnesia). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Parkinson Disease

All subjects were asked about all types of head injury before their diagnosis of PD, including head injuries that had caused loss of consciousness, subsequent amnesia, or [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Mayes, Evidence of an amnesia-like cued-recall memory impairment in nondementing idiopathic Parkinson's disease, Cortex, 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.06.021, 71, (85-101), (2015) [oadoi.org]

0.67, 1.17), duration of loss of consciousness ( 1 minute: OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.58, 1.49; 1–5 minutes: OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.51, 1.08; 5 minutes: OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.53, 1.24), or amnesia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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General Anesthesia

The patient moves from analgesia without amnesia to analgesia with amnesia Stage 2, or excitement stage: The period following a loss of consciousness, characterized by excited [medicalnewstoday.com]

It has 3 objectives: - Avoid pain; - Induce deep sleep and amnesia -- that is to say, a hypnotic state; - Induce muscle relaxation to make the surgeon's work easier. [youtube.com]

Under general anesthesia, the patient is unable to feel pain and may also have amnesia. [medicalnewstoday.com]

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Transient Global Amnesia

An isolated prolonged episode of transient amnesia can be a major manifestation of transient global amnesia (TGA) and transient epileptic amnesia (TEA). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] as transient global amnesia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Trinka, Transient global amnesia or transient epileptic amnesia? [qjmed.oxfordjournals.org]

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Electrical Injury

A 30-year-old lady developed amnesia and spastic paraparesis with loss of pin prick sensation below the second thoracic spinal segment following electrocution. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

developed left hemiparesis, mutism and retrograde amnesia after a high-voltage electric shock without evidence of lasting brain lesions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Once she regained consciousness after 24 h, she was found to have amnesia about the event and weakness and loss of sensation of lower limbs. [nature.com]

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