Amotivation & Difficulty Rising from a Squatting Position & Hallucinations: Causes & Reasons

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Patient File

Sex unknown, Age unknown

Reported Symptoms

Amotivation, Difficulty Rising from a Squatting Position, Hallucinations,

Negated

None

Unsure

None

Possible Causes

Wernicke Encephalopathy

Calf muscle tenderness, difficulty rising from a squatting position, and decreased vibratory sensation in the toes are early signs. Muscle wasting occurs. [merckmanuals.com]

Two patients with confusion accompanied by seizures, memory changes, or specific visual hallucinations and HHV6 detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cerebrospinal [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] by: Anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories) Retrograde amnesia (inability to remember old memories) Confabulation (fabricating/false perceptions of memories) Hallucinations [dundeemedstudentnotes.wordpress.com]

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Disorganized Schizophrenia

[…] and often hypochondriacal) and hallucinations may be present. [en.wikipedia.org]

For children in whom autism is suspected, the presence of significant delusions and hallucinations are considered as a necessary criterion. [symptoma.com]

unsystemized and often hypochondriacal, and hallucinations may be present. [ipfs.io]

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Mercury Poisoning

urticaria, erythema and allergic contact dermatitis accompanied by pain), and peripheral and central nervous (CNS) systems (depression, paranoia, extreme irritability, hallucinations [orpha.net]

[…] case showed hyperhidrosis, insomnia, generalied myokymia, cramps, tremor, weight loss, and myokymic and neuromyotonic discharges, followed by encephalopathy with confusion, hallucinations [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chronic mercury exposure can give rise to psychotic reactions such as delirium, hallucinations and suicidal tendencies. [dailymail.co.uk]

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Alcohol Abuse

In addition, affective and behavioral systems may be affected by an amotivational syndrome. [doi.org]

Ministry of Defence doctors record booze-related ailments including liver disease, hallucinations, heart problems and psychotic issues. [thesun.co.uk]

Heavy drinkers may experience tremors, panic attacks, confusion, hallucinations, and seizures. [health.harvard.edu]

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Cannabis Abuse

They could suffer from amotivational syndrome, in which people withdraw from society, and paranoia, he said. [straitstimes.com]

A total of 39.6% of the users experienced hallucinations (mostly auditory), 54.2% experienced delusions (mostly ideas of reference and persecution), 85.4% had organic brain [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] other friends who don't use cannabis may become problematic using cannabis has been associated with a decrease in motivation (although the evidence is inconclusive if an ‘amotivational [web.archive.org]

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Acute Amphetamine Intoxication

[…] paranoid delusions, perception of slowed time, conjunctival injection, impaired judgment, social withdrawal, appetite, dry mouth, hallucinations largely psychological effects amotivational [medbullets.com]

When hallucinations occur in the absence of intact reality testing, a diagnosis of Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder, With Hallucinations, should be considered Associated [courses.lumenlearning.com]

When hallucinations occur in the absence of intact reality testing, a diagnosis of Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder, With Hallucinations, should be considered. [dsm.wikia.com]

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Hallucinogen Affective Disorder

An article on About.com describes a phenomenon known as “amotivational syndrome” that happen to regular pot smokers: they become socially withdrawn and “perform at a level [psychcentral.com]

The most common type of sleep-related hallucination, hypnagogic hallucinations are more than twice as common as hypnopompic hallucinations. [tuck.com]

Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder. ( With Delusions ) Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder. ( With Hallucinations ) Cannabis-Related Disorders Not Otherwise Specified. [psyweb.com]

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Hyoscyamus Niger Poisoning

Chronic poisoning Amotivational syndrome – lethargic, apathetic, disinterested, poor concentration Manic / paranoid psychosis (Running amok) Treatment: Decontamination, benzodiazipines [slideshare.net]

Vivid episodes of flying or falling characterized the hallucinations (Mann 2000). [sites.evergreen.edu]

The hallucinations that are caused by the nightshade-alkaloids seem not rarely real to the intoxicated. [psychotropicon.info]

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Psychosis

Amotivation in schizophrenia: integrated assessment with behavioral, clinical, and imaging measures. Schizophr Bull. 2014;40(6):1328-1337. [doi.org]

The authors present a case history in which they investigate the psychic mechanisms behind the production and function of adolescent hallucinations against the background [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] from social interaction may result from uncertainty and unpredictability to some extent ( Stephan et al, 2006, 2009 ), we propose that negative symptoms, such as alogia, amotivation [doi.org]

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Schizophrenia

alogia or amotivation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Persistent auditory verbal hallucination is a clinically significant problem in schizophrenia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

As children, patients may have shown prodromal symptoms of a psychotic disorder, such as social isolation, deteriorating school performance, mood lability, amotivation, avolition [web.archive.org]

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Neurosyphilis

Hallucinations, impaired memory Mr. [mdedge.com]

PARESIS: P Personality changes A Affect R Reflexes (hyperreflexia) E Eye (Argyll Robertson Pupil – reacts to accommodation, not light – aka “Prostitute’s Pupil”) S Sensorium – hallucinations [errolozdalga.com]

Symptoms include abnormal gait, blindness, dementia, hallucinations and delusions, sharp stabbing pain, depression, headache, incontinence, irritability, numbness in the lower [jlhede.wordpress.com]

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Cannabis Type Drug Dependence

[…] that exposure to THC while the brain is still developing can cause cognitive and memory problems later in life, which may also impair motivation and ambition, a form of “amotivational [treatmentsolutions.com]

F12.121 …… delirium F12.122 …… with perceptual disturbance F12.129 …… unspecified F12.15 Cannabis abuse with psychotic disorder F12.150 …… with delusions F12.151 …… with hallucinations [icd10data.com]

Hallucinations – which not everyone enjoys. The munchies. [falsebaytc.co.za]

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Amphetamine Delusional Disorder

Absence of first-rank Schneiderian symptoms, including anhedonia, avolition, amotivation, and flat affect, further suggests amphetamine-induced psychosis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Drug users find many nicknames for hallucinations of bugs crawling on skin. [addiction.com]

[…] induced psychosis w hallucinations Cannabis psychosis with hallucinations Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder with hallucinations Cocaine induced psychosis w hallucinations [icd9data.com]

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Organic Brain Syndrome

Deterioration of mental functioning allegedly due to long-term use of marihuana can be subdivided into four major categories: organic brain damage, mental illness-psychosis, amotivational [druglibrary.org]

Hallucinations were common in both delirious and non-delirious patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

As delirium improved, various other psychiatric symptoms, including hallucinations, agitation, hypoactivity, affective lability and insomnia, were noted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Barbiturate Withdrawal

Other clinical features like confusion, delirium, auditory and visual hallucinations, hyperpyrexia, circulatory collapse, and dehydration may occur between 48 to 120 hours [symptoma.com]

She was admitted to the hospital because of seizures, hallucinations and delirium not controlled by benzodiazepine and phenothiazine administration. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Cannabis Toxicity

Chronic use may lead to long-term effects on cognitive performance, "Amotivational syndrome" (loss of energy and a will to work), and respiratory disorders. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Stronger strains of herbal cannabis such as skunk can cause the user to see objects and hallucinate, distorting their view of life around them. [slideshare.net]

[…] in sodium concentration, marked by lethargy, nausea, vomiting, and mild mental aberrations; in severe cases there may be convulsions and coma. cannabis intoxication See Amotivational [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

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Syphilis

[…] therapy was complicated by a severe Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) characterised by fever, obtundation, fluctuating upper motor neuron signs and complex visual and auditory hallucinations [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Keywords Syphilis Auditory Hallucination Secondary Syphilis Lunatic Asylum Vienna General Hospital These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. [dx.doi.org]

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Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

Mescaline is a chemical, derived from a cactus, that causes vivid hallucinations. [neurology.about.com]

[…] inability to recognize colleagues; intact sensorium; variable psychomotor activity, from complete withdrawal state to unprovoked aggression; no evidence of delusions or hallucinations [industrialpsychiatry.org]

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Schizoaffective Disorder

Schizophrenia, which occurs in approximately 1% of the population, may be characterized by dramatic symptoms of delusions and hallucinations, affective flattening and amotivation [bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com]

However, there is a lack of data on prevalence, subtyping, and clinical correlates of hallucinations as well as on the comparison of hallucinating schizophrenia versus hallucinating [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Halikas JA, Weller RA, Morse C, Shapiro T (1982) Incidence and characteristics of amotivational syndrome, including associated findings, among chronic marijuana users. [doi.org]

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Hydrocephalus

KEYWORDS: Autonomic nervous system; Hallucinations; Hydrocephalus; Superficial siderosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It addresses the individual's appearance, mood, anxiety level, and experience of delusions or hallucinations. [emedicinehealth.com]

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Phencyclidine Intoxication

Symptoms in 11 patients suspected of phencyclidine intoxication included violent, aggressive behavior with delusions, hallucinations, agitation, and other signs of toxic psychosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Twenty-four patients with phencyclidine intoxication were treated with either physostigmine (2 mg i.m.) or haloperidol (5 mg i.m.) based on the presence of delusions and/or hallucinations [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

Delirium tremens: hyperadrenergic state, disorientation, tremors, diaphoresis, impaired attention/consciousness, and visual and auditory hallucinations. [en.wikipedia.org]

’t actually occurring auditory hallucinations, or hearing sounds that don’t exist visual hallucinations, or seeing images that don’t exist If you have severe AWS symptoms, [healthline.com]

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Cocaine Abuse

The amotivational syndrome with lethargy, passivity, and indifference is reported even more. [lecturio.com]

Cocaine can trick the brain by giving the user hallucinations that feel very powerful and incredibly real. [oceanrecoverycentre.com]

Hallucinations are perceptions of things that aren’t there. For example, hallucinating coke users may say bugs are crawling on their skin even if there aren’t any. [discoverynj.org]

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Amphetamine Withdrawal

As children, patients may have had prodromal symptoms of psychiatric disorders, such as social isolation, deteriorating school performance, mood liability, amotivation, avolition [emedicine.medscape.com]

Severe hallucinations 6 Extremely severe hallucinations 7 Continuous hallucinations ____________________________________________ VISUAL DISTURBANCES Ask “Does the light appear [robertperkinson.com]

In fact, some hallucinations induced by amphetamine withdrawal transcend mere visuals—with auditory hallucinations and sensory misperceptions accompanying withdrawal as well [b.passagesmalibu.com]

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Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Mood was depressive and hallucinations were noted. Laboratory analyses were normal, except for a low vitamin B(12) level ( 150 pg mL(-1)). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is a condition associated with complex visual hallucinations occurring in the elderly in patients with visual impairment and normal mental [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] deficiency leads to abnormal myelination or demyelination, resulting in sub-acute combined degeneration, peripheral neuropathy, and psychiatric problems, including delusions, hallucinations [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Focal Seizure

The specific hallucination is particular to the experiencing individual, and it is stereotyped for the individual with essentially the same hallucination during each occurrence [link.springer.com]

[…] speaking to a hallucinatory person or speaking of events or thoughts normally pertaining to the dream they were having or other hallucination. [en.wikipedia.org]

Sometimes, distinguishing whether the hallucination is a taste in addition to an odor is difficult. [link.springer.com]

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Non-24 Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder

In the Gradisar study involving adolescents with DSWPD, 104 school non-attendance, unrestricted sleep during vacation periods, and (not surprisingly) amotivation were all [doi.org]

They can even hallucinate. [sleepdisorders.about.com]

The episodes can come on quickly and are often associated with excessive eating, wild sexual urges, hallucinations, disorientation and even flu-like symptoms. [cbsnews.com]

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Acute Alcohol Intoxication

Hallucinations are typically visual. [merckmanuals.com]

Patients may also have alcohol withdrawal hallucinations, which can occur with or without vital sign derangements; the patient tends to have a clear sensorium during the hallucinations [emsreference.com]

They may also develop seizures and auditory and visual hallucinations. [patient.info]

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Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Praxis tests may be affected by amotivational performance and perseverative drawings in bvFTD. [doi.org]

This study extends the prognostic value of hallucinations for DLB to the preclinical phases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Three patients with probable dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) experienced worsening delusions and visual hallucinations as a result of memantine therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Benzodiazepine Overdose

[…] drunk Amnesia Physical weakness or lack of coordination Hypotonia (lack of muscle tone) Blurry vision Difficulty breathing or depressed breathing Stupor or unresponsiveness Hallucinations [americanaddictioncenters.org]

Withdrawal symptoms can start within a day of stopping the drug and can cause gastrointestinal problems, anxiety, muscle pain, cognitive disorientation, hallucinations, and [marylandrecovery.com]

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