Anergy: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Anergy

Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis

He had defects in cell-mediated immunity (cutaneous anergy to common antigens, but normal number of T lymphocytes and normal lymphocyte transformation with phytohemagglutinin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cutaneous anergy to candida antigens has been associated with defective lymphocyte function in vitro. [annals.org]

Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity revealed total cutaneous anergy in three of eight whereas four of the other five had negative lymphocyte transformation and skin tests [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Disseminated Tuberculosis

These false negatives may occur because of higher rates of tuberculin anergy compared to other forms of tuberculosis.A case of miliary tuberculosis in an 82-year-old woman [en.wikipedia.org]

Tuberculin anergy is more common in miliary tuberculosis than in other forms of tuberculosis. [jacpjournal.org]

Pesanti EP: The negative tuberculin test: Tuberculin, HIV, and anergy panels. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:1699–1709. [karger.com]

Meningeal Tuberculosis

Anergy to tuberculin was uncommon; only 2% of the patients reacted negatively to 1.0 mg. O.T. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Anergy, or absence of PPD reactivity in persons infected with TB, can occur in immunocompromised persons, or it may even occur in persons newly infected with TB, or in persons [library.med.utah.edu]

Good Syndrome

There was cutaneous anergy to intra dermal antigen challenge.Flow cytometry revealed reduced mature circulating B cells,reduced CD4 count and reversal of CD4:CD8 ratio.Bone [neurology.org]

The main abnormalities are an increase in circulating naive T cells, cutaneous T-cell anergy, TCR hyporesponsiveness in vitro as well as a numerical and functional impairment [dl.begellhouse.com]

This patient showed cutaneous anergy, even though he had normal numbers of peripheral blood total lymphocytes as well as CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. [jimmunol.org]

Congenital AIDS

Stress-induced nonspecific immune activation Infectious diseases: HIV infection T-cell lymphopenia Decreased cellular immune response and anergy Defective antigen-specific [incodom.kr]

Anergy panel was non-reactive. Chest radiograph revealed extensive left lower lobe infiltrate. [ped-rheum.biomedcentral.com]

Decreased chemotaxis Neutropenia (cytotoxic agents) Weakened mucosal barriers (cytotoxic agents) Surgery and trauma Disruption of epithelial and mucosal barriers T-cell anergy [incodom.kr]

Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

[…] cell CD4:CD8 ratio Increase in T cell derived cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma Increase in other cytokines (IL-8, TNF, others) in microenvironment Clinical features Commonly anergy [pathologyoutlines.com]

[…] disease occurs in ±25%–redness, photophobia, blurred vision; other findings: erythema nodosum, lymphadenopathy, hepato- and/or splenomegaly Immunology ↓ Cellular immunity–anergy [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

PPD skin testing should be done early in the assessment along with anergy controls. [merckmanuals.com]

Secondary Malnutrition

Edema Laboratory findings Serum albumin normal (marasmus, no inflammation) or decreased (cachexia, with inflammation) Serum albumin Total iron-binding capacity Lymphocytes Anergy [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

Sarcoidosis

Compared with the asymptomatic group, symptomatic patients had impaired peripheral responses to TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 ligands (anergy) and reduced peripheral populations of [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The latter fact may induce a state of anergy by preventing antigen-specific memory responses. [doi.org]

Hyper-IgE Syndrome

There is cutaneous anergy to skin prick tests and a reduced or absent in vitro lymphocyte response to mitogens. [medcraveonline.com]

[…] hypogammaglobulinemia Nezeloff Syndrome 5-7000 IU/ml Atopic dermatitis, recurrent infections, pondostatural retardation, oral or cutaneous candidiasis, diarrhea Cutaneous anergy [medcraveonline.com]

Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia

A 29-year-old white woman had short limbs, hyperextendable joints, fine skin and body hair, anergy to common skin test antigens, subnormal lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Immune System Disorder

[…] flare-ups </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Up-regulate the expression of costimulators on antigen-presenting cells </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Breakdown of clonal anergy [slideshare.net]

Altered peptide ligands (APLs) are variants of T cell epitopes designed to alter the response of T cells by inducing apoptosis, anergy, or modulation of cytokine secretion [jci.org]

[…] femoral head, primary COL2A1 Bare lymphocyte syndrome, type 2, complementation group A CIITA Bare lymphocyte syndrome, type 2 RFXANK B-cell expansion with NFKB and T-cell anergy [centogene.com]

Hodgkin Lymphoma

This is not the usual immunophenotype and cytokine production pattern of Th1, Th2 or Th0 cells and may be a reflection of anergy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] stage 3 or 4, mixed cellularity and lymphocyte depleted subtypes Pain in lymph nodes may occur with alcohol consumption (paraneoplastic symptom) Most patients have cutaneous anergy [pathologyoutlines.com]

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Moreover, the findings of anergy and depressed T-lymphocyte helper-to-suppressor ratios in some of the patients with lymphadenopathy suggest cellular immune dysfunction. [cdc.gov]

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Although negative selection mechanisms including deletion, anergy, and receptor editing were relatively unperturbed, WASp-deficient transitional B cells showed enhanced proliferation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lymphocyte-macrophage interaction in antigen induced in vitro lymphocyte transformation in patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and other diseases with anergy. [link.springer.com]

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

[…] described, but pathological manifestations do not usually appear until later in life. 30 Lymphocyte proliferation studies confirm that lymphocytes are anergic and if there is anergy [doi.org]

[…] described, but pathological manifestations do not usually appear until later in life.30 Lymphocyte proliferation studies confirm that lymphocytes are anergic and if there is anergy [jcp.bmj.com]

Cytomegalovirus

PD-1 expression and IL-2 loss of cytomegalovirus- specific T cells correlates with viremia and reversible functional anergy. [elsevier.es]

PD-1 expression and IL-2 loss of cytomegalovirus- specific T cells correlates with viremia and reversible functional anergy. Am. J. [frontiersin.org]

Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis

A cardiac transplant patient developed disseminated coccidioidomycosis shortly after transplantation and institution of immunosuppressive therapy. The patient was maintained on intravenous and intrathecal amphotericin B for 19 months, but when therapy was discontinued, the disease relapsed and he died. At autopsy[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Antithymocyte Globulin

PD-1 expression on T cells can occur from recent activation or exposure to chronic stimulation that can induce anergy or exhaustion. [diabetes.diabetesjournals.org]

Infectious Mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis is usually a self-limiting illness, but can be rarely associated with complications. A 17-year-old boy with Epstein-Barr virus related infectious mononucleosis and cold antibody-mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia with incidentally noted multiple pulmonary nodules. Nodules regressed over the next[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Homepage Rare diseases Search Search for a rare disease Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Disease definition Non-Hodgkin malignant lymphomas(NHL) is a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors of the lymphoid system. ORPHA:547 Synonym(s): NHL Prevalence: 1-5 / 10 000 Inheritance: - Age of onset: Adult ICD-10: - OMIM: 605027[…] [orpha.net]

Leukemia

Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft tissue in the center of the bones, where blood cells are produced. The term leukemia means white blood. White blood cells (leukocytes) are used by the body to fight infections and other foreign substances. Leukocytes are[…] [nlm.nih.gov]

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus, abbreviated as SLE, is an autoimmune disease which primarily strikes women. Majority of the individuals with SLE experience joint pain, accompanied by swelling. Arthritis is also a common complaint. In addition to these, individuals also experience pain in chest, hair loss, and development of[…] [symptoma.com]

Myeloproliferative Disease

The myeloproliferative disorders comprise a group of related diseases, including polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, myelofibrosis, and myeloid metaplasia. An increase in circulating platelets is associated with thrombotic phenomena affecting the arterial and venous circulation. In[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Graft-versus-Host-Disease

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication following an allogeneic transplant. Symptoms of acute graft-versus-host-disease are primarily the result of damage to the liver, skin and the gastrointestinal tract. The disorder may also target the hematopoietic system, bone marrow, and the lungs. Chronic[…] [symptoma.com]

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Primary biliary cholangitis Other names Primary biliary cirrhosis Micrograph of PBC showing bile duct inflammation and injury. H&E stain. Specialty Gastroenterology Symptoms Cholestasis, pruritus, fatigue Complications Cirrhosis, hepatic failure, portal hypertension Usual onset Usually middle-aged women Causes Autoimmune[…] [en.wikipedia.org]

Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), also called Histiocytosis X, is a rare disease characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of Langerhans cells in various tissues. Langerhans cell histiocytosis may present with a variety of non-specific and specific inflammatory symptoms in various organs of the[…] [symptoma.com]

Varicella

Abstract Neonatal varicella is mostly caused by maternal chickenpox acquired during the last 3 weeks of pregnancy. Transplacentally transmitted infections occur in the first 10 to 12 days of life, whereas chickenpox after that time is most likely acquired by postnatal infection. If the mother develops rash between[…] [doi.org]

Chronic Active Hepatitis B

Abstract Hepatitis B virus associated DNA polymerase activity, hepatitis b surface antigen (HBsAg), and serum aspartate aminotransferase were followed in 21 patients with chronic active hepatitis while immunosuppressive therapy (prednisone +/- azathioprine) was being withdrawn. In every case, DNA polymerase activity[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute Sarcoidosis

Patients with multiple extrathoracic lesions had significantly higher CD4/CD8 ratios than did those with only intrathoracic involvement. [11] Additional Tests Skin anergy [emedicine.medscape.com]

Disseminated Cytomegalovirus Infection

A woman with severe immunosuppression provoked by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed a disseminated cytomegalovirus infection of the genital tract. Using in situ hybridization and the APAAP technique, cytomegalovirus was detected in epithelial and endothelial cells as well as in macrophages in the vulva,[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]