Anergy: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Anergy

He had defects in cell-mediated immunity (cutaneous anergy to common antigens, but normal number of T lymphocytes and normal lymphocyte transformation with phytohemagglutinin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Evaluation of cell-mediated immunity revealed total cutaneous anergy in three of eight whereas four of the other five had negative lymphocyte transformation and skin tests [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Most patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) have a selective defect of cell-mediated immunity against Candida albicans (as demonstrated by cutaneous anergy [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Disseminated Tuberculosis

These false negatives may occur because of higher rates of tuberculin anergy compared to other forms of tuberculosis.A case of miliary tuberculosis in an 82-year-old woman [en.wikipedia.org]

Pesanti EP: The negative tuberculin test: Tuberculin, HIV, and anergy panels. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;149:1699–1709. [karger.com]

Graham NMH, Nelson KE, Solomon L, Bonds M, Rizzo RT, Scavotto J, Astemborski J, Vlahov D: Prevalence of tuberculin positivity and skin test anergy in HIV-1-seropositive and [karger.com]

Congenital AIDS

Stress-induced nonspecific immune activation Infectious diseases: HIV infection T-cell lymphopenia Decreased cellular immune response and anergy Defective antigen-specific [incodom.kr]

Anergy panel was non-reactive. Chest radiograph revealed extensive left lower lobe infiltrate. [ped-rheum.biomedcentral.com]

Decreased chemotaxis Neutropenia (cytotoxic agents) Weakened mucosal barriers (cytotoxic agents) Surgery and trauma Disruption of epithelial and mucosal barriers T-cell anergy [incodom.kr]

Good Syndrome

There was cutaneous anergy to intra dermal antigen challenge.Flow cytometry revealed reduced mature circulating B cells,reduced CD4 count and reversal of CD4:CD8 ratio.Bone [neurology.org]

The main abnormalities are an increase in circulating naive T cells, cutaneous T-cell anergy, TCR hyporesponsiveness in vitro as well as a numerical and functional impairment [dl.begellhouse.com]

This patient showed cutaneous anergy, even though he had normal numbers of peripheral blood total lymphocytes as well as CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. [jimmunol.org]

Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

[…] cell CD4:CD8 ratio Increase in T cell derived cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma Increase in other cytokines (IL-8, TNF, others) in microenvironment Clinical features Commonly anergy [pathologyoutlines.com]

[…] disease occurs in ±25%–redness, photophobia, blurred vision; other findings: erythema nodosum, lymphadenopathy, hepato- and/or splenomegaly Immunology ↓ Cellular immunity–anergy [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

PPD skin testing should be done early in the assessment along with anergy controls. [merckmanuals.com]

Secondary Malnutrition

Edema Laboratory findings Serum albumin normal (marasmus, no inflammation) or decreased (cachexia, with inflammation) Serum albumin Total iron-binding capacity Lymphocytes Anergy [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

Meningeal Tuberculosis

Anergy to tuberculin was uncommon; only 2% of the patients reacted negatively to 1.0 mg. O.T. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Anergy, or absence of PPD reactivity in persons infected with TB, can occur in immunocompromised persons, or it may even occur in persons newly infected with TB, or in persons [library.med.utah.edu]

Sarcoidosis

Compared with the asymptomatic group, symptomatic patients had impaired peripheral responses to TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 ligands (anergy) and reduced peripheral populations of [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The latter fact may induce a state of anergy by preventing antigen-specific memory responses. [doi.org]

Hyper-IgE Syndrome

There is cutaneous anergy to skin prick tests and a reduced or absent in vitro lymphocyte response to mitogens. [medcraveonline.com]

[…] hypogammaglobulinemia Nezeloff Syndrome 5-7000 IU/ml Atopic dermatitis, recurrent infections, pondostatural retardation, oral or cutaneous candidiasis, diarrhea Cutaneous anergy [medcraveonline.com]

Immune System Disorder

[…] flare-ups </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Up-regulate the expression of costimulators on antigen-presenting cells </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Breakdown of clonal anergy [slideshare.net]

Altered peptide ligands (APLs) are variants of T cell epitopes designed to alter the response of T cells by inducing apoptosis, anergy, or modulation of cytokine secretion [jci.org]

[…] femoral head, primary COL2A1 Bare lymphocyte syndrome, type 2, complementation group A CIITA Bare lymphocyte syndrome, type 2 RFXANK B-cell expansion with NFKB and T-cell anergy [centogene.com]

Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia

A 29-year-old white woman had short limbs, hyperextendable joints, fine skin and body hair, anergy to common skin test antigens, subnormal lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hodgkin Lymphoma

This is not the usual immunophenotype and cytokine production pattern of Th1, Th2 or Th0 cells and may be a reflection of anergy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] stage 3 or 4, mixed cellularity and lymphocyte depleted subtypes Pain in lymph nodes may occur with alcohol consumption (paraneoplastic symptom) Most patients have cutaneous anergy [pathologyoutlines.com]

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Moreover, the findings of anergy and depressed T-lymphocyte helper-to-suppressor ratios in some of the patients with lymphadenopathy suggest cellular immune dysfunction. [web.archive.org]

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

[…] deficiency of Btk in mice is associated with a much milder phenotype. 37 B-cell–receptor signaling is important for establishing the B-cell repertoire through induction of anergy [doi.org]

Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis

A cardiac transplant patient developed disseminated coccidioidomycosis shortly after transplantation and institution of immunosuppressive therapy. The patient was maintained on intravenous and intrathecal amphotericin B for 19 months, but when therapy was discontinued, the disease relapsed and he died. At autopsy[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Graft-versus-Host-Disease

Blockade of LIGHT/LTβ and CD40 signaling induces allospecific T cell anergy, preventing graft-versus-host disease. J. Clin. Invest. 109, 549–557 (2002). 141. Hubbard, V. [nature.com]

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

[…] described, but pathological manifestations do not usually appear until later in life. 30 Lymphocyte proliferation studies confirm that lymphocytes are anergic and if there is anergy [doi.org]

[…] described, but pathological manifestations do not usually appear until later in life.30 Lymphocyte proliferation studies confirm that lymphocytes are anergic and if there is anergy [jcp.bmj.com]

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Although negative selection mechanisms including deletion, anergy, and receptor editing were relatively unperturbed, WASp-deficient transitional B cells showed enhanced proliferation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lymphocyte-macrophage interaction in antigen induced in vitro lymphocyte transformation in patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and other diseases with anergy. [link.springer.com]

Cytomegalovirus

PD-1 expression and IL-2 loss of cytomegalovirus- specific T cells correlates with viremia and reversible functional anergy. [elsevier.es]

PD-1 expression and IL-2 loss of cytomegalovirus- specific T cells correlates with viremia and reversible functional anergy. Am. J. [frontiersin.org]

Antithymocyte Globulin

Partial T-cell activation and anergy induction by polyclonal antithymocyte globulin. Transplantation 1998; 65: 1481–1489. [nature.com]

PD-1 expression on T cells can occur from recent activation or exposure to chronic stimulation that can induce anergy or exhaustion. [diabetes.diabetesjournals.org]

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cell lines from human cord blood have functional and molecular properties of T-cell anergy. Blood 2005; 106: 3068–3073. [nature.com]

Infectious Mononucleosis

Characterized by the classic triad of fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy, along with atypical lymphocytosis. Often subclinical in young children. Positive heterophile antibody test and serologic test for antibodies against EBV are usually diagnostic. Rare but potentially life-threatening complications include severe[…] [us.bestpractice.bmj.com]

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

You are here Home Types of Cancer Lymphoma - Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - Non-Hodgkin This is Cancer.Net’s Guide to Lymphoma - Non-Hodgkin. Use the menu below to choose the Introduction section to get started. Or, you can choose another section to learn more about a specific question you have. Each guide is[…] [cancer.net]

Leukemia

What is leukemia? Leukemia is cancer of the blood and develops in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the soft, spongy center of certain bones that produces the three major types of blood cells: white blood cells to fight infection; red blood cells that carry oxygen; and platelets that help with blood clotting[…] [stanfordchildrens.org]

Myeloproliferative Disease

[…] myeloproliferative syndromes see under disorder. Medical dictionary. 2011. Look at other dictionaries: Myeloproliferative disease — Classification and external resources ICD 10 D47.1 ICD 9 205.1 […] Wikipedia Myeloproliferative Neoplasie — Unter dem Begriff der Myeloproliferativen Neoplasien (MPN) (von altgriechisch µυєλός,[…] [medicine.academic.ru]

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis is a rare, long-term disease in the liver caused by defects in the bile ducts. Bile is a digestive liquid made in the liver that travels through the bile ducts to the small intestine, where it aids digestion of fats and fatty vitamins. This type of cirrhosis causes inflammation, destroying the[…] [hospital.uillinois.edu]

Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare cancer involving clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells, abnormal cells deriving from bone marrow and capable of migrating from skin to lymph nodes. Clinically, its manifestations range from isolated bone lesions to multisystem disease. LCH is part of a group of clinical[…] [en.wikipedia.org]

Varicella

Varicella is a highly contagious, viral disease, caused by primary infection with varicella zoster virus. Manifestations include a characteristic rash, fever, malaise and headache. The initial prodromal phase of varicella consists of malaise and low grade fever. Fever is rarely above 102 F. The characteristic feature of[…] [symptoma.com]

Chronic Active Hepatitis B

Abstract Hepatitis B virus associated DNA polymerase activity, hepatitis b surface antigen (HBsAg), and serum aspartate aminotransferase were followed in 21 patients with chronic active hepatitis while immunosuppressive therapy (prednisone +/- azathioprine) was being withdrawn. In every case, DNA polymerase activity[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Disseminated Cytomegalovirus Infection

A woman with severe immunosuppression provoked by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed a disseminated cytomegalovirus infection of the genital tract. Using in situ hybridization and the APAAP technique, cytomegalovirus was detected in epithelial and endothelial cells as well as in macrophages in the vulva,[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pituitary Cushing Syndrome

Aggressive pituitary tumours causing Cushing's Disease are very rare, difficult to treat, and usually resistant to conventional therapy. There is growing evidence for the use of temozolomide (TZM), an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, as first line chemotherapy in tumours resistant to repeated neurosurgery,[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]