Autoantibodies: Causes & Reasons

2.1

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Possible Causes for autoantibodies

Hemolytic Anemia

CLINICAL FEATURES Clinically, AIHA and RBC autoantibodies present with signs and symptoms that reflect the activity and thermal reactivity of the autoantibody. [archivesofpathology.org]

Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of autoantibodies which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own red blood cells. [icd9data.com]

Since in most WAIHA cases, the autoantibody shows no RBC antigen specificity, the autoantibodies should be eluted from RBC after their detection by the DAT to potentially [dovepress.com]

Hashimoto Thyroiditis

High thyroid autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) levels are present in 90% of patients with HT and serve as a clinical marker for the detection of early AITD [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical course of 6 cases of hyperthyroid girls with GD in whom a normalization of previously increased autoantibodies against thyrotropin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

An autoimmune disorder caused by the production of autoantibodies against thyroid tissue. [ebi.ac.uk]

Autoimmune Gastritis

ATP4A antibody prevalence increased with age of onset of T1DM, which is atypical of other T1DM autoantibodies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Taken together with the logistic advantages these blots are a good alternative for autoantibody detection in the respective diseases. [pubag.nal.usda.gov]

Three monoclonal autoantibodies, designated as 2B6 (IgG1), 2G10 (IgG2b), and 1H9 (IgG1), were obtained from one of these mice. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

No association between existence of autoantibodies and the clinical status of a child at the presentation of diabetes was demonstrated by this study. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

One or more of these autoantibodies are detected in 93% to 96% of patients with type 1 diabetes, both adults and children. [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies and clinical significance of thyroid autoimmunity in children with the diagnosis of [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Insulin Resistance

Type B insulin resistance is characterized by the appearance of autoantibodies to the insulin receptor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We describe the various mechanisms leading to the production of insulin autoantibodies and insulin receptor autoantibodies and review the therapeutic possibilities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Two years after discharge of the patient, insulin receptor autoantibodies could no longer be demonstrated in his serum. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diabetes Mellitus

As she had endogenous insulin deficiency and tested positive for insulin autoantibody (IAA), insulin therapy was initiated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We present the first two cases with documented positive pancreatic autoantibodies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although the presence of any one of these autoantibodies in LADA predicts inevitable β cell failure, multiple autoantibodies in circulation or a high titre correlate with [dx.doi.org]

Thrombocytopenia

[…] factor deficiencies Vitamin B12 deficiency Folic acid deficiency Reduced life expectancy Antibody reactions Alloantibodies Transfusion incident Morbus haemolyticus neonatorum Autoantibodies [flexikon.doccheck.com]

In childhood ITP, the autoantibody may be triggered by viral antigens. [msdmanuals.com]

Most cases are caused by an acquired autoantibody to ADAMTS13, a metalloproteinase that cleaves large von Willebrand Factor (vWF) multimers. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Paraneoplastic Syndrome

Neurofascin as target of autoantibodies in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Brain 134, e173 (2011). 48. Uncini, A. & Kuwabara, S. [doi.org]

autoantibodies: antineuronal nuclear autoantibody type 1 (ANNA‐1), ANNA‐2, ANNA‐3; Purkinje cell cytoplasmic autoantibody type 1 (PCA‐1), PCA‐2; and CRMP‐5–immunoglobulin [doi.org]

Paraneoplastic Autoantibodies Paraneoplastic syndromes are autoantibody-mediated neurologic disorders associated with underlying tumors. [clinlabnavigator.com]

ACE Inhibitor-Induced Angioedema

The autoantibodies were directed against the Cl-INH active center. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acquired Angioedema (AAE) is a rare condition classified into two subtypes: Type I, which is associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, and Type II, which is linked with autoantibodies [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract We describe a mechanism of action of autoantibodies reactive with the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1EI) molecule found in three patients with acquired angioedema without [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Graves Disease

Abstract Background Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (TSHR) autoantibodies (TRAbs) are a heterogeneous group of antibodies (Abs) with different functionalities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor. Endocr Rev. 1988; 9 106-121 26 Schott M, Feldkamp J, Bathan C, Fritzen R, Scherbaum W A, Seissler J. [doi.org]

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder involving the thyroid gland, typically characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies that bind to and stimulate [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lupus Erythematosus

Autoantibodies were positively correlated to the number of CD5 B-cells in LE-patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There is also new recognition that most pathogenic autoantibodies are produced by B cells that have matured within the germinal center and that immune complexes in both diseases [stm.sciencemag.org]

Evidence-based recommendations on belimumab (Benlysta) as an add-on treatment for active autoantibody-positive systemic lupus erythematosus in adults. [nice.org.uk]

Systemic Vasculitis

Herein, the main autoantibodies and their clinical associations in systemic vasculitis are reviewed. Table 1. Autoantibodies in primary systemic vasculitides. [frontiersin.org]

Considerable progress has been made in understanding the role of autoantibodies in systemic vasculitides (SV), and consequently testing for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies [mdpi.com]

The distinction between those autoantibodies and autoantigens is rather difficult. [frontiersin.org]

Urticaria

Autoantibody-induced cross-linking of IgE receptors may be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria and other diseases mediated by mast cells. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Besides, the occurrence of autoantibodies against IgE or its receptor, FcεRI, and the therapeutic efficacy of anti-IgE antibodies imply that IgE-mediated mechanisms also play [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Finding autoantibodies in children does not impact a disease prognosis, unlike in adult patients, where the presence of autoantibodies is associated with a more prolonged [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Myositis

[…] conjunction with another autoantibody. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This autoantibody seems to be the same as the autoantibody to p155 reported by Targoff et al. [frontiersin.org]

autoantibodies (MSAs). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

At entry into the cohort, a standardized medical history and extensive laboratory tests profile, including autoantibodies were completed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In the present study, SLE patients were divided into five groups based on their autoantibody profiles. [pubs.acs.org]

These data suggest that molecular mimicry may play a role in the induction of anti-SmD autoantibodies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Stiff-Person Syndrome

Autoantibodies to GAD might be the causative agent or a disease marker. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Both subsets represent only a fraction of anti-GAD65 autoantibody secreting cells. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Symptoms consistent with reduced inhibition such as stiffness, spasms and anxiety occur in paraneoplastic stiff person syndrome with autoantibodies against the intracellular [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

However, 15/43 patients had autoantibodies with no detectable inhibitory action and as many as 32/43 patients had autoantibodies with inhibitory function that was insufficient [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] inhibitory autoantibody titer in TTP patient plasma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) either occurs in a congenital form caused by ADAMTS13 gene mutations or it is acquired and most often due to ADAMTS13 inhibitory autoantibodies [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Systemic Scleroderma

[…] these autoantibodies, the severity of the disease, and the presence of other autoantibodies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The coexistence of SSc-associated and other autoantibodies was common (43% of patients). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bioassay for Anti-PDGFR Autoantibodies The serum samples from patients with scleroderma and from controls were tested for the presence of PDGFR-activating autoantibodies in [content.nejm.org]

Sjögren Syndrome

Waterman, Autoantibodies in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: New Insights into Mechanisms of Autoantibody Diversification and Disease Pathogenesis, Autoimmunity, 34, 2, (123), [doi.org]

SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands and autoantibody production. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Significant positive associations with HLA Class II markers were restricted to the formation of different autoantibodies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Inhibition of the binding of autoantibodies from several ITP patients by either another ITP autoantibody or by a monoclonal anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody suggests that the antigenic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Thirteen of 14 ITP autoantibodies bound only to CHO cells expressing alpha(IIb)beta(3). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The present data suggest that certain PA anti-GPIIb-IIIa autoantibodies recognize epitopes close to the ligand-binding site in GPIIb, but not in GPIIIa. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Autoimmune Hypophysitis

It is even more difficult to determine the mechanisms that lead to the formation of pituitary autoantibodies, or autoantibodies in general. [doi.org]

Each sample was also tested for pituitary autoantibodies using a specific indirect immunofluorescent assay; none was detected. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

No correlations between hypophysitis subtype and anti-pituitary and anti-hypothalamus autoantibodies were found. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Organ/System Involvement

Active nephritis was more prevalent (60% vs 24%) in MAGE-B2 autoantibody-positive than autoantibody-negative SLE patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The frequencies of 10 selected autoantibodies among ethnic groups were compared. Cluster analysis identified groups of patients with similar autoantibody profiles. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Over 100 different autoantibodies have been described in SLE patients, highlighting the need for comprehensive autoantibody profiling. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Evans Syndrome

Laboratory exams showed acute hemolysis due to an IgG warm autoantibody. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

41 of these patients had both allo- and autoantibodies to RBC antigens, whereas the remainder, 80, had only autoantibodies. [jhoonline.biomedcentral.com]

IgG Coombs is associated with warm IgG autoantibodies. IgG/C3 is seen with warm IgG autoantibodies that are able to fix complement. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Insulin-Resistance Syndrome Type B

Anti-insulin receptor autoantibodies in a patient with type B insulin resistance and fasting hypoglycemia. Acta Diabetol. 2000;37:189–96. [link.springer.com]

Type B IR syndrome is caused by autoantibodies directed against the insulin receptor. [professional.diabetes.org]

The type B insulin resistance syndrome, a rare autoimmune disorder, is caused by the autoantibodies to the insulin receptor. [mdedge.com]

Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus

These theories hold that in SLE, the immune system generates autoantibodies to foreign antigens, and these autoantibodies, in turn, attack the patient’s own tissues. [emedicine.com]

The common features were fever, arthralgia, myalgia, serositis, and the presence of anti-histone autoantibodies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In DILE, autoantibodies are thought to be generated by a mechanism other than molecular mimicry. [emedicine.com]

Acquired Hemolytic Anemia

In contrast, anti-nl, anti-pdl and anti-dl autoantibodies were frequently present in the red cell eluates. [jimmunol.org]

Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of autoantibodies which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own red blood cells. [icd9data.com]

[…] or the co-existence of IgM autoantibodies. 29 Specificity of IgG autoantibodies in AIHA In initial serologic testing, most warm autoantibodies are panagglutinins, meaning [clinicalgate.com]

Bullous Pemphigoid

Autoantibody titres are markers for disease activity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In conclusion, higher serum IgE autoantibody levels are associated with more severe clinical manifestations of BP. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Based on these results, bullous pemphigoid coexisting with anti-desmoglein autoantibodies was diagnosed in this case. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

IgG autoantibodies against laminin-332 in patients with MMP are well documented; however, IgA and IgE autoantibodies against laminin-332 have not yet been described. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Serologically, IgA and IgG class autoantibodies directed against COL17 or IgG autoantibodies directed against laminin-332 in patients with MMP have been well documented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

By immunoblot analyses, immunoglobulin G autoantibodies in the patient's sera reacted with full-length BP180 and the 120-kDa ectodomain of BP180 (LAD-1). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia

The autoantibodies were found to precipitate the platelet glycoprotein complex IIb/IIIa of autologous and allogeneic platelets. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Autoantibodies recognizing GPV were not seen in the 28 nonthrombocytopenic control RA patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Taken together with reports of platelet autoantibodies in PBC this case may indicate a place for immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of thrombocytopenia in PBC. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Addison Disease

Inhibin chains do not appear to be likely candidate targets of autoantibodies in human POI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The employment of specific clinical, immunological and functional criteria in the subjects with autoantibodies to the adrenal cortex allows identifying those at risk of developing [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Analysis of ZnT8A enabled to identify autoimmunity in two (14.3 %) T1D individuals previously classified as autoantibody-negative. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]