Blepharospasm: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Blepharospasm

Eye involvement may include the following: Ocular pain, tearing, and severe blepharospasm are common; at high concentrations, 2-chloroacetophenone (CN) is known to cause corneal [emedicine.medscape.com]

Lacrimation, redness, burning sensation in the eyes and blepharospasm. [democrati.net]

It can create excessive tearing, conjunctivitis, uncontrolled blinking (blepharospasm) and a sensation of burning and pain at initial exposure. [link.springer.com]

Primary Torsion Dystonia

To investigate phenotypes, we examined 71 AOPTD patients (37 cervical dystonia, 14 writer's cramp, 9 blepharospasm, 11 spasmodic dysphonia) and 8 musician's dystonia patients [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

RESULTS: In 12 families with adult-onset PTD, the index cases presented with cervical dystonia (CD); of the 22 affected relatives, 17 had CD, 2 had writer's cramp, 1 had blepharospasm [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Originally published in the Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation Newsletter, Volume 28, Number 5, pages 6, 13 (2009) Home > Blepharospasm index > Top of this [blepharospasm.org]

Mustard Gas Exposure

Main clinical symptoms Few hours after the exposure Eyes: gritty feeling, progressive soreness and bloodshot appearance, lachrymation, blepharospasm and photophobia Increased [emro.who.int]

The mustard gas also affects the cornea, causing conjunctivitis, blepharospasm and cheratinite. [flipper.diff.org]

An asymptomatic period for the eyes is followed by redness and irritation which can progress to corneal damage with photophobia, blepharospasm, excessive lacrimation, and [omicsonline.org]

Inhalation of Phosgene Gas

Link to reference section for acute event PPE related safety information Immediate irritant effects such as conjunctivitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, lacrimation, blepharospasm [chemm.nlm.nih.gov]

Eye irritation - red eyes, tearing, blepharospasm. ENT irritation: chronic sore throat, rhinorrhoea, hypersalivation, stridor. [patient.info]

Toxic Effect of Chlorine Gas

Dose ppm Signs and symptoms 0.02 - 0.2 Odour threshold 1 - 3 Mild irritation to eyes, nose and throat 3 - 6 Itching, stinging, and boring of the eyes, lacrimation, blepharospasm [lifeinthefastlane.com]

Eye irritation - red eyes, tearing, blepharospasm. ENT irritation: chronic sore throat, rhinorrhoea, hypersalivation, stridor. [patient.info]

[…] sounds Rales (pulmonary edema) Nasal flaring Aphonia, stridor, or laryngeal edema Ulceration or hemorrhage of the respiratory tract Rhinorrhea Lacrimation, salivation, and blepharospasm [emedicine.medscape.com]

Phosgene Oxime

Conjunctivitis, lacrimation, lid edema, blepharospasm 3. Pleasant smell of freshly mown hay 4. No distinct lab findings History 1. Used in WWI gas warfare 2. [medtextfree.wordpress.com]

Eyes: Eye examination typically demonstrates conjunctivitis, lacrimation, lid edema, and blepharospasm after even minute exposures. [bionity.com]

Parkinson Disease

Practice Guideline Update Summary: Botulinum Neurotoxin for the Treatment of Blepharospasm, Cervical Dystonia, Adult Spasticity, and Headache April 2016 Current guideline. [aan.com]

Abnormality of the foot Abnormal feet morphology Abnormality of the feet Foot deformities Foot deformity [ more ] 0001760 Apathy Lack of feeling, emotion, interest 0000741 Blepharospasm [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Movement Disorder

KEYWORDS: Adult onset dystonia; Blepharospasm; Cervical dystonia; Focal hand dystonia; Time of diagnosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Read more on myVMC – Virtual Medical Centre website Blepharospasm - Brain Foundation Blepharospasm (Benign Essential Blepharospasm) Description Benign essential blepharospasm [healthdirect.gov.au]

Parkinson's and Movement Disorders We Treat We treat Parkinson’s and other conditions that may be related: Ataxia Balance disorders Blepharospasm Cervical dystonia and spasmodic [ohsu.edu]

Classic Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Syndrome

PSP-PAGF is characterized by progressive gait freezing, speech and writing difficulties, facial immobility and ultimately blepharospasm with occasionally supranuclear downgaze [orpha.net]

Botulinum toxin injections are helpful in treating blepharospasm. [rarediseases.org]

Blepharospasm is a form of dystonia affecting the muscles around the eyes. [rarediseases.org]

X-Linked Parkinsonism with Spasticity

Blepharospasm is usually present. Blepharospasm Affects the eyelids, causing them to close for seconds to hours. [brainfoundation.org.au]

RN was lower in patients affected by mouth/tongue dystonia compared with blepharospasm. [centogene.com]

Dystonia Focal, multifocal, segmental or generalized dystonia Idiopathic, genetic, and secondary dystonia Craniofacial dystonia (including blepharospasm, jaw dystonia, tongue [movementdisorders.us]

Meige Syndrome

Blepharospasms Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary eye blinking or eye closure. [movementdisorders.ufhealth.org]

Sixty patients had idiopathic blepharospasm, 31 patients were diagnosed with Meige syndrome (blepharospasm plus oromandibular dystonia) and nine patients with segmental dystonia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of remission in patients with essential blepharospasm and Meige syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Facial Spasm

Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation Newsletter 1996, 15 :3. Google Scholar 9. [link.springer.com]

[…] have a beneficial effect on blepharospasm. [klapperplasticsurgery.com]

Elston JS: A new variant of blepharospasm. J Neurol Neurosci Psych 1992, 55 :369–371. Google Scholar 6. [link.springer.com]

Adult-Onset Cervical Dystonia Type DYT23

Adult-onset cervical dystonia, DYT23 type Autosomal dominant dopa-responsive dystonia Autosomal dominant focal dystonia, DYT25 type Autosomal recessive dopa-responsive dystonia Blepharospasm-oromandibular [se-atlas.de]

Autosomal dominant dopa-responsive dystonia Autosomal dominant focal dystonia, DYT25 type Autosomal recessive dopa-responsive dystonia Benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy Blepharospasm-oromandibular [se-atlas.de]

Blepharospasm muscles around the eyes The sufferer experiences rapid blinking of the eyes or even their forced closure causing functional blindness. [en.wikipedia.org]

Drug-Induced Dystonia

Blepharospasm is usually present. Blepharospasm Affects the eyelids, causing them to close for seconds to hours. [brainfoundation.org.au]

[…] specificity) of G24.0: G24.1 - Genetic torsion dystonia G24.2 - Idiopathic nonfamilial dystonia G24.3 - Spasmodic torticollis G24.4 - Idiopathic orofacial dystonia G24.5 - Blepharospasm [emedcodes.com]

G24.09 Other drug induced dystonia G24.1 Genetic torsion dystonia G24.2 Idiopathic nonfamilial dystonia G24.3 Spasmodic torticollis G24.4 Idiopathic orofacial dystonia G24.5 Blepharospasm [healthprovidersdata.com]

Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome

The blepharospasm and eyelid alterations caused by Schwartz-Jampel syndrome should be treated to provide functional and cosmetic improvements. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 6-year-old boy with Schwartz-Jampel syndrome and severe myotonia-induced blepharospasm and ptosis did not respond to botulinum toxin A injections in the orbicularis muscle [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Two patients with Schwartz-Jampel syndrome presented with blepharospasm, acquired ptosis, and blepharophimosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cogan Syndrome

Clinical Characteristics Ocular Features: This is a disorder of impaired smooth ocular pursuit movements. Voluntary horizontal eye movements are absent or defective while vertical gaze and random eye movements are usually retained. Patients learn early to compensate by sharply turning the head in a jerky,[…] [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]

Eye Muscle Disorder

Click here to download our leaflet on Blepharospasm. [dystonia.org.uk]

The unilateral blepharospasm of HFS may be particularly troublesome, interfering with routine tasks such as driving. [med.umich.edu]

It may also help with another eye problem called blepharospasm (eyelid spasms). Botox is found in a rare but serious form of food poisoning called botulism. [everydayhealth.com]

Oromandibular Dystonia

Abstract Patterns of white matter (WM) abnormalities and correlation with clinical features in patients with blepharospasm (BSP) and patients with blepharospasm-oromandibular [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These results indicate that the neuronal arcs of the facial reflexes in blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia are normal. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract Blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia is characterized by the presence of spasms of the orbicularis oculi (blepharospasm) and of the lower facial or oromandibular [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hemifacial Spasm

Etiology and differential diagnosis of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. Adv Neurol 1988 ; 49 : 103 –16. ↵ Hallett M. Blepharospasm: recent advances. [jnnp.bmj.com]

We present a patient with a facial movement disorder that has characteristics of both blepharospasm and bilateral asynchronous hemifacial spasm. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Observational study of incobotulinumtoxinA for cervical dystonia or blepharospasm (XCiDaBLE): interim results for the first 170 subjects with blepharospasm. [link.springer.com]

Blepharospasm

Blepharospasm ICD9 333.81 Disease Blepharospasm is involuntary closure of both eyelids. [eyewiki.aao.org]

What Is Blepharospasm? [bcm.edu]

The diagnosis of blepharospasm is not always easy, in particular in case of pretarsal blepharospasm, also called Apraxia of eyelid opening, mistaken quite often for ocular [infodystonia.com]

Orofacial Dyskinesia

Definición: A syndrome characterized by orofacial DYSTONIA ; including BLEPHAROSPASM ; forceful jaw opening; lip retraction; platysma muscle spasm; and tongue protrusion. [hon.ch]

Définition: A syndrome characterized by orofacial DYSTONIA; including BLEPHAROSPASM; forceful jaw opening; lip retraction; platysma muscle spasm; and tongue protrusion. [hon.ch]

Blepharospasm and orofacial-cervical dystonia: clinical and pharmacological findings in 100 patients. Ann Neurol. 1983;13:402–11. PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 2. [link.springer.com]

Snow Blindness

The characteristic features are: intense bilateral lacrimation blepharospasm photophobia Fluorescein staining of the eye reveals many punctate erosions of the cornea which [gpnotebook.co.uk]

There is a temporary inability to keep the eyes open because the corneal nerves are painfully stimulated by the moving lids and there is tearing and BLEPHAROSPASM. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome

At age 11 years, she began having episodes of blepharospasm, accompanied by bilateral ptosis and occasional episodes of oculogyric crisis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We studied a 68-year-old man who died after 13 years of progressive dementia, rigidity, bradykinesia, mild tremor, stooped posture, slow and shuffling gait, dystonia, blepharospasm [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Vertical optokinetic responses were abnormal in five, and two patients had blepharospasm. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Familial Dyskinesia and Facial Myokymia

[…] eye may actually trigger blepharospasm. [blepharospasm.org]

Patients with blepharospasm have normal eyes. [audraeye.com]

Blepharospasm is only rarely due to psychogenic factors. [blepharospasm.ca]

Entropion

It is the leading cause of preventable blindness... read more ), posttraumatic changes, or blepharospasm Blepharospasm Blepharospasm is spasm of muscles around the eye causing [merckmanuals.com]

It can also have a spastic etiology secondary to ocular irritation or blepharospasm. In some cases it can be congenital. [filereyemd.com]

Signs: blepharospasm, corneal ulceration, ocular discharge, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity and neovascularization of the cornea. [vetstream.com]

Spasmodic Torticollis

This brain stem reflex was investigated in 10 normal subjects, in 16 patients affected by spasmodic torticollis (ST) and in 10 patients with blepharospasm (BSP). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Medical Services Advisory Committee / MSAC Applications / Application Page / Application Detail Status Closed Description of Medical Service IncobotulinumtoxinA for blepharospasm [msac.gov.au]

Prevalence rates for cervical dystonia, blepharospasm and writer's cramp were as follows: 57 (95% confidence interval 51–63), 36 (31–41), and 14 (11–17). [doi.org]

Bonnemann-Meinecke-Reich Syndrome

Benign essential blepharospasm[?] Benign essential tremor syndrome Benign familial hematuria[?] Benign familial infantile convulsions[?] [encyclopedia.kids.net.au]

Ari Shuper Mimouni syndrome Benallegue Lacete syndrome Bencze syndrome Benign astrocytoma Benign autosomal dominant myopathy Benign congenital hypotonia Benign essential blepharospasm [bioreference.net]

Blepharospasm[?] Blethen Wenick Hawkins syndrome[?] Blomstrand syndrome[?] Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited[?] Blood platelet disorders[?] Blood vessel disorder[?] [encyclopedia.kids.net.au]

Hydrophthalmos

Infantile glaucoma (manifests before 3 years) Juvenile glaucoma ( between 3-16 years of age) The child usually presents with watering photophobia and blepharospasm noticed [rushabheyehospital.com]

Symptoms The primary symptoms of primary congenital glaucoma are epiphora, photophobia, and blepharospasm. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Only one (6.7 percent) patient presented with the classical triad of epiphora, photophobia and blepharospasm, while four (26.7 percent) presented with both epiphora and photophobia [ajol.info]

Orbital Varix

Rarely does it cause a blepharospasm or an enophthalmos. [panafrican-med-journal.com]

Stiefel HC...Albert DM 31768366 2019 8 [Spontaneous thrombosis of an orbital varix in Behçet's disease]. 62 Landman-Vu J...Merle H 30935697 2019 9 Orbital varix: rare cause of blepharospasm [malacards.org]

There is a blepharospasm without proptosis. The patient's visual acuity was 20/20 in the two eye. [panafrican-med-journal.com]

Blepharofacioskeletal Syndrome

Ari Shuper Mimouni syndrome Benallegue Lacete syndrome Bencze syndrome Benign astrocytoma Benign autosomal dominant myopathy Benign congenital hypotonia Benign essential blepharospasm [wikidoc.org]

Benign Focal Amyotrophy Benign Intracranial Hypertension Bernhardt-Roth Syndrome Binswanger’s Disease Blepharospasm Bloch-Sulzberger Syndrome Brachial Plexus Birth Injuries [gncdubai.com]

[…] ptosis, epicanthus inversus Blepharophimosis Blepharoptosis aortic anomaly Blepharoptosis cleft palate ectrodactyly dental anomalies Blepharoptosis myopia ectopia lentis Blepharospasm [wikidoc.org]