Brainstem Abnormalities Causes & Reasons

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Brainstem Abnormalities Symptom Checker: Possible causes include Leigh's Disease. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! Talk to our Chatbot to narrow down your search.

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Possible Causes

Leigh's Disease

It presents early in life with psychomotor regression, abnormal muscle tone, weakness, dystonia, brainstem and cerebellar dysfunction (ataxia), visual loss, missed milestones [ijri.org]

One or more of the following: characteristic feature on neuroimaging (b/l symmetrical hyperintense signal abnormality in brainstem and/or basal ganglia on T2). [annalsofian.org]

Pathological findings at neonatal period and epilepsy were described to be related to more frequent relapses as the age of onset, brainstem abnormalities in neuroimaging studies [ojrd.biomedcentral.com]

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Bickerstaff Brainstem Encephalitis

A second MRI showed extension of the brainstem involvement without new lesions. A cervical spine MRI showed no abnormalities. [jamanetwork.com]

[…] on T2w FLAIR imaging that can be present in the supratentorial white matter, basal ganglia, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord, with or without contrast enhancement. [de.slideshare.net]

[…] auditory evoked potentials (prolongation of wave I latency) suggested peripheral abnormalities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Insomnia

The electroencephalogram (EEG) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed abnormal changes but without the typical prion disease signs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PATIENT CONCERNS: A 46-year-old man displayed involuntary movements during sleep time, snoring, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, cognitive deficit, brainstem symptoms [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Hereditary Hyperekplexia

RESULTS: Both FH/AH and SMS patients had abnormal propagation of brainstem reflexes into pericranial muscles. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abnormal signaling in neurons in the brain and neurons that send signals to muscles throughout the body result in abnormal muscle movements, exaggerated startle reaction, [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

Whether such neuronal dysfunction represents cortical dysfunction or an epiphenomenon of diencephalic or brainstem abnormalities is currently unknown. [pmj.bmj.com]

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Birth

The sudden death, a few hours after birth, was the unavoidable outcome of a complex of abnormalities of brainstem nuclei, particularly of the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus, an essential [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

abnormalities that could have had a triggering role in causing the sudden death of these babies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Even though the pathogenesis remains unexplained, brainstem abnormalities of the neuronal network that mediates breathing and protective responses to asphyxia, particularly [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] hemangioendothelioma (case 4) and mild pneumonia (case 5) alone might or might not have accounted for the sudden deaths, if it had not been for the location and/or concomitant presence of brainstem [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Scoliosis

Confirmation is based on an abnormally low position of the conus medullaris (CMB) in the patients with SMI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

INTRODUCTION: A common aetiopathogenic theory for basilar groove (IMB), platybasia (PTB), odontoid retrocession (RTO), kinking of the brainstem (KTC) applied to idiopathic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Meniere's Disease

Tests may include: Blood tests Hearing test Electronystagmogram — looks for abnormal eye movements Auditory brainstem response Electrocochleogram — to check function of the [uvahealth.com]

Tests may include: Blood tests—to rule out other causes of the symptoms Hearing test Electronystagmogram—looks for abnormal eye movements Auditory brainstem response Electrocochleogram—to [lahey.org]

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Puerperium

[…] multiple sclerosis (MS), four as neuromyelitis optica (NMO), two as longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis, two as clinical isolated syndrome (CIS), and one as acute brainstem [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

All the 14 puerperal female patients presented with more than one manifestation of hemiplegia, paraplegia, uroschesis, visual loss or dysarthria, and with mild to moderate abnormalities [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Restless Legs Syndrome

Iron homeostasis abnormalities have been implicated through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) iron profile measures. [emedicine.com]

In addition, investigators have shown an increased severity of RLS with decreasing availability of serotonin transporter in the brainstem, which supports the hypothesis that [emedicine.com]

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Bruxism

[…] of brainstem pathways mediating startle reaction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CONCLUSIONS: SB patients may possess abnormalities in the GABAergic system of brainstem networks. 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

KEYWORDS: Auditory startle reaction; Brainstem excitability; Bruxism; Masseter inhibitory reflex [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Motion Sickness

Brainstem sensory conflict neurons normally discriminate brief postural disturbances, but can be abnormally stimulated during prolonged passive transport (e.g. by boat, beginning [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Presbycusis

While women have shorter latencies in auditory brainstem response [20], the difference from sex and age cannot be simply explained by the effects of anatomical abnormalities [intechopen.com]

[…] response (ABR) tests [24] ; a study in which not only the ABR but the DPOAE of the DM group showed abnormal findings [25] ; a study in which abnormal findings were found [journals.plos.org]

[…] study in which patients with DM-related complications showed significant delays in both the absolute and interpeak latency of wave I-V and decreased amplitude on auditory brainstem [journals.plos.org]

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Alzheimer Disease

Development of abnormal tau frequently begins during childhood or puberty in nuclei of the lower brainstem sending diffuse projections to the cerebral cortex. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Recent findings Development of abnormal tau frequently begins during childhood or puberty in nuclei of the lower brainstem sending diffuse projections to the cerebral cortex [doi.org]

Nonfibrillar abnormal tau material first occurs in the proximal axon of projection neurons in the locus coeruleus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Head Trauma

[…] postresuscitation pupillary reactivity: Correlates with a poor 1-year outcome Isolated internuclear ophthalmoplegia secondary to traumatic brainstem injuries: Has a relatively [emedicine.com]

[…] behind the tympanic membranes: May be clues to occult brain injuries Anosmia: Common; probably caused by the shearing of the olfactory nerves at the cribriform plate [3] Abnormal [emedicine.com]

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Ondine Syndrome

abnormality, or Möbius' syndrome should be considered. [atsjournals.org]

Long and Allen (1984) were the first to report the abnormal brainstem auditory evoked responses in an alcoholic woman who recovered from Ondine's curse. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] a discrete congenital myopathy, myasthenia gravis, altered airway or intrathoracic anatomy, diaphragm dysfunction, congenital cardiac disease, a structural hindbrain or brainstem [atsjournals.org]

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Psychogenic Hyperventilation

If hyperventilation is originated from peripheral organic causes, correction of each abnormality is mandatory. [jkns.or.kr]

In our case, the exact pressure of irrigation fluid was not measured, however, it was regarded to be high enough to give transient injury to brainstem. [jkns.or.kr]

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Acidosis

MRI may disclose abnormalities that are not observed on CT scanning, particularly in the brainstem. [web.archive.org]

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Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

There is evidence of central auditory pathway involvement in the brainstem, even though central nervous system abnormalities in the G/BBB syndrome are not related directly [scielo.br]

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Traumatic Brain Injury

[…] postresuscitation pupillary reactivity: Correlates with a poor 1-year outcome Isolated internuclear ophthalmoplegia secondary to traumatic brainstem injuries: Has a relatively [emedicine.medscape.com]

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Alexander Disease

Radiologically, both can demonstrate white matter changes, signal abnormalities of basal ganglia or thalami, brainstem abnormalities and contrast enhancement of white matter [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] of the basal ganglia and thalami, brainstem abnormalities, and contrast enhancement of particular gray and white matter structures) and are now highly reliable benchmarks [neurology.org]

Diagnostic methods MRI shows characteristic leukodystrophy with frontal, basal ganglia signal abnormality, brainstem signal abnormality and contrast enhancement. [orpha.net]

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Herpes Zoster

insular, and cerebellum) as well as the brainstem, limbic lobe, and temporal lobe. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, HZ and PHN patients exhibited abnormal ReHo and fALFF values in classic pain-related brain regions (such as the frontal lobe, thalamus [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

These signs appear due to progressive atrophy of the spinal cord and the cerebellum, whereas the appearance of brainstem abnormalities, visual deficits, sexual dysfunction [symptoma.com]

[…] of abnormally prolonged latencies varied from 50% for brainstem auditory evoked response to 68% for visual evoked potential, 85% (n 22) had abnormally prolonged latencies [jamanetwork.com]

abnormalities, the clinical presentation of PPMS is comprised of two main symptoms - spastic paraplegia (often described with an unclear sensory level) and ataxia. [symptoma.com]

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Stroke

The authors showed that in patients with MCI, pupillary abnormalities and severe brainstem compression may be present despite normal ICP values. [doi.org]

Intracranial pressure readings were evaluated and correlated with pupillary abnormalities and with midline shift and ischemic tissue volume evaluated in the CT scan. [doi.org]

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Hospital Addiction Syndrome

Cocaine-exposed infants have been described as having a higher incidence of abnormal auditory brainstem responses and EEGs, compared with nonexposed infants. 24, 25 In another [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

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Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis

Brain MRI revealed similar brainstem abnormalities as detected in Patient 1. Evoked potentials were not performed. [journals.lww.com]

Brainstem developmental abnormalities were detected by MRI studies, featuring a partial midline split in the medulla oblongata and pons with posterior focus. [hippokratia.gr]

Diffusion tensor MRI shows abnormal brainstem crossing fibers associated with ROBO3 mutations. Neurology. 2006 Aug 8;67(3):519-21. [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Staines, Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik, Kevin Finegan, Timothy Ireland and Sandeep Bhuta, Hyperintense sensorimotor T1 spin echo MRI is associated with brainstem abnormality in [dx.doi.org]

Abnormal regressions were detected in nuclei of the brainstem vasomotor centre, midbrain reticular formation and hypothalamus, but also in limbic nuclei involved in stress [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Reduced WM volume in the patient group partially supports earlier findings of WM abnormalities in regions of the midbrain and brainstem. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Hypothyroidism

David Grant’s group in the UK reported mild hearing impairment in childhood ( 29 ), and abnormal auditory brainstem evoked potential tracings were found in 7 out of 7 patients [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Even in early-treated patients with CH, auditory brainstem evoked potentials were abnormal in 25% of 27 children studied. [doi.org]

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Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Occlusion

[…] artery distribution Bilateral long tract signs (sensory and motor; cerebellar and peripheral cranial nerve abnormalities) Bilateral long tract; cerebellar and peripheral [minclinic.ru]

The abnormalities are seen both in the posterior circulation as well as in the basal ganglia. Continue. Four days later most of the abnormalities have disappeared. [radiologyassistant.nl]

Basilar artery syndrome (the syndrome of the lone vertebral artery is equivalent) A combination of the various brainstem syndromes plus those arising in the posterior cerebral [minclinic.ru]

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Posterior Cerebral Artery Occlusion with Infarction

The abnormalities are seen both in the posterior circulation as well as in the basal ganglia. Continue. Four days later most of the abnormalities have disappeared. [radiologyassistant.nl]

Emboli may lodge at the top of the basilar causing midbrain infarction with loss of vertical eye movement, pupillary abnormalities and coma. [aibolita.com]

[…] findings of PRES are most apparent as hyperintensity on FLAIR images in the parietooccipital and posterior frontal cortical and subcortical white matter; less commonly, the brainstem [radiologyassistant.nl]

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