Bulbar Dysfunction: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Bulbar Dysfunction

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Delayed intubation in those with bulbar dysfunction increases the risk of early pneumonia. [pulmonologyadvisor.com]

In addition to motor weakness, In all facial palsy was present in 106 (61%), bulbar palsy in 91 (53%), sensory involvement in 74 (43%), and symptomatic autonomic dysfunction [dx.doi.org]

Other predictors of the need for intubation include fewer than seven days between symptom onset and hospitalization, an inability to lift the head, bulbar dysfunction, and [pulmonologyadvisor.com]

Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 3

Bulbar dysfunction includes poor sucking ability, reduced swallowing, and respiratory failure. [ispub.com]

The bulbar muscles used for swallowing and respiratory function are rarely affected in SMA-4. [smaaustralia.org.au]

The more severe forms of adult-onset spinal muscular atrophy, such as spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy and progressive muscular atrophy, are similar to ALS. [disabilitysecrets.com]

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscular weakness. The different types of spinal muscular atrophy may present differently but clinical symptomatology may be similar to some extent. The following system-wise presentation is commonly in seen in SMAs: General Appearance:[…] [symptoma.com]

Pseudobulbar Palsy

Two patients sought treatment for symptoms of bulbar motor dysfunction and the marked emotional lability that characterizes pseudobulbar palsy (PBP). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] children or adults and form a spectrum of severity, based around the common feature of bulbar dysfunction and motor neurone degeneration. [patient.info]

ABSTRACT Two patients sought treatment for symptoms of bulbar motor dysfunction and the marked emotional lability that characterizes pseudobulbar palsy (PBP). [doi.org]

Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 3

Most can stand and walk but have trouble with motor skills, such as going up and down stairs. Bulbar dysfunction occurs late in the disease. 11. [slideshare.net]

Bulbar dysfunction includes poor sucking ability, reduced swallowing, and respiratory failure. [ispub.com]

Among early onset congenital myopathies, X-linked myotubular myopathy can have severe phenotype with bulbar dysfunction and respiratory weakness with affected other family [annalsofian.org]

Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1

In the late stages of the disease, usually 10 to 15 years following onset, bulbar dysfunction secondary to affection of lower medullary nuclei results in aspiration which [orpha.net]

Alexander Disease

dysfunction as the primary feature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

dysfunction. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The most frequent symptoms were related to bulbar dysfunction-with dysarthria, dysphagia, dysphonia (seven patients)-, pyramidal involvement (seven patients) and cerebellar [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

POLG-Related Disorder

dysfunction causing swallowing difficulty. [heighpubs.org]

dysfunction, and progressive external ophthalmoplegia, but without a predominant myopathy. [medlink.com]

[…] neuropathy, cataracts, and hypogonadism [46,47]. c) Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD): Disease onset is usually after 45 years and may result in progressive ptosis and bulbar [heighpubs.org]

Bulbar Poliomyelitis

In patients with the post-polio syndrome, the bulbar muscles often have clinical or subclinical signs of dysfunction. [nejm.org]

Feeding by nasogastric tube in those with bulbar dysfunction. [physiotherapy-treatment.com]

Are people who had bulbar polio going to be having increasing bulbar dysfunction? [skally.net]

SLC39A14 Deficiency

Early in the disease course, children show axial hypotonia followed by dystonia, spasticity, dysarthria, bulbar dysfunction, and signs of parkinsonism including bradykinesia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

dysfunction; Dysarthria. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] developmental motor milestones or loss of developmental motor milestones; Progressive pharmaco-resistant dystonia; Parkinsonism signs (tremor, bradykinesia, hypomimia); Bulbar [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 11

Other upper motor neuron dysfunction Shorter survival ALS in older females: 50% with bulbar presentation Bulbar signs at ALS onset 20% to 30% of all sporadic ALS cases More [neuromuscular.wustl.edu]

The patient was asymptomatic until the bulbar dysfunction appeared, and then clinical signs of upper and lower motor neuron deficits in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar [journals.lww.com]

Most cases of ALS present with asymmetric focal apendicular weakness progressing with bulbar dysfunction, quadriparesis and respiratory insufficiency leading to death in about [scielo.br]

Mills Syndrome

However, they also noted an additional 9 patients who had ‘multifocal' PLS with asymmetry but evolution of bulbar dysfunction, or with bulbar dysfunction as a presenting symptom [karger.com]

Her condition slowly progressed but remained unilateral after 18 years, with no evidence of bulbar dysfunction. [link.springer.com]

Bulbar Palsy

We describe a patient presenting with progressive bulbar dysfunction and spasticity that clinically mimicked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). [mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com]

[…] or adults and form a spectrum of severity, based around the common feature of bulbar dysfunction and motor neurone degeneration. [patient.info]

[…] motor dysfunction and emotional lability that characterizes pseudobulbar palsy.[1] Neurocysticercosis: uncommon[3] Autoimmune encephalitis and Hashimoto encephalopathy causing [statpearls.com]

Total Spina Bifida Aperta

This can lead to acute neurologic deterioration caused by a combination of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) related to the ventriculomegaly and acute bulbar dysfunction [emedicine.medscape.com]

Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy

Conclusion The potential for bulbar dysfunction and muscle weakness in patients with KD places them at risk for perioperative complications from anesthesia. [mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com]

KEYWORDS: motor neuron disease; pharyngeal barium residue; spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; swallowing dysfunction; videofluoroscopic swallowing study [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The long-term functional assessments demonstrate mild neurologic impairment in most without devastating bulbar or respiratory dysfunction and good ambulatory function years [n.neurology.org]

Atypical Neuroaxonal Dystrophy

Due to an impairment of the function of cranial nerves (Bulbar dysfunction), children affected by INAD often have speech problems, Dysarthria (poor articulation or slurring [inadcure.org]

dysfunction (impairment of the function of cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII) Results in speech problems Dysarthria (poor articulation or slurring) Dysphonia (defective use [nbiacure.org]

Ataxia, deformities, and bulbar dysfunction may be seen. [7] Ophthalmological abnormalities include nystgamus, strabismus, and optic disc pallor, suggestive of optic atrophy [annalsofian.org]

Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 4

Most can stand and walk but have trouble with motor skills, such as going up and down stairs. Bulbar dysfunction occurs late in the disease. 11. [slideshare.net]

Bulbar dysfunction includes poor sucking ability, reduced swallowing, and respiratory failure. [ispub.com]

Bulbar dysfunction includes poor suck ability, reduced swallowing, and respiratory failure. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Autosomal Dominant Spastic Ataxia Type 1

In the late stages of the disease, usually 10 to 15 years following onset, bulbar dysfunction secondary to affection of lower medullary nuclei results in aspiration which [orpha.net]

From the available history bulbar dysfunction, aspiration and respiratory failure were the common endpoints in most of the patients. [neurologyindia.com]

2005/53/3/308/16929 » Introduction Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, dysarthia and eventual bulbar dysfunction with abnormal [neurologyindia.com]

Primary Lateral Sclerosis

METHODS: Six sites enrolled 41 patients who had pure upper motor neuron dysfunction, bulbar symptoms, a normal EMG done within 12 months of enrollment, and onset of symptoms [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

RESULTS: All affected individuals presented in the second year of life with progressive upper motor neuron dysfunction, affecting both bulbar and extremity muscles. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Secondary Parkinsonism

Abnormalities in speech Dysarthria, hypophonia and monotonous soft speech can occur due to bulbar dysfunction and thought to be due to orofacial–laryngeal bradykinesia and [medicaljoyworks.com]

Sometimes there can be word finding difficulties, known as “tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon [1] [2] Difficulty in swallowing [1] [2] Dysphagia is due to bulbar dysfunction and [explainmedicine.com]

MSA –P RED FLAGS  Early instability  Rapid progression  Pisa syndrome,camptocormia,contractures  Bulbar dysfunction  Respiratory dysfn- stridor,insp sighs  Emotional [slideshare.net]

X-linked Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 3

dysfunction Ehealthwall.com 11. [slideshare.net]

Among early onset congenital myopathies, X-linked myotubular myopathy can have severe phenotype with bulbar dysfunction and respiratory weakness with affected other family [annalsofian.org]

Phenotypic Variants • SMA 2 • Delayed motor milestones • Inability to maintain independent sitting • Lower extremities affected more than upper extremities • +/- bulbar weakness [slideshare.net]

X-Linked Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 5

Over the next 15 years, he developed progressive cerebellar ataxia with bulbar dysfunction, forgetfulness, leg cramps with sensory-predominant neuropathy/ganglionopathy, and [neurology.org]

Methods: At age 46 the patient developed erectile dysfunction without other autonomic features. [neurology.org]

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 17

dysfunction 28 From Bramwell: Atlas of Clinical Medicine ALS with Bulbar involvement Usual pattern: Upper > Lower motor neuron involvement Associations Females Older age [neuromuscular.wustl.edu]

Nutrition Bulbar dysfunction is seen in 20 to 30 percent of patients with ALS, which can eventually place the patients at risk for malnutrition, dehydration, and aspiration [jaapl.org]

[…] involvements show more predominant cardiovagal dysfunction than patients with non-bulbar involvement. 20 Other Observations A limited number of reports have shown decreased [touchneurology.com]

Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 4

[…] palsy) 22.  Clinical examination and electrophysiologicalassesement. Differentiated from ALS mimickers- Paraneoplastic Hyperthyroidism Parathormone dysfunction Vit [slideshare.net]

dysfunction. 9 Figure 1 Spinobulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's disease): (A) facial asymmetry due to asymmetrical facial muscle weakness which is accentuated by pursing [jnnp.bmj.com]

These signs and symptoms might be caused by UMN and/or LMN dysfunction involving the bulbar muscles. [clinicalgate.com]

Myopathy, Endocrine

These include: Muscle weakness Motor delay Respiratory impairment Bulbar muscle dysfunction (malfunction of the muscles responsible for swallowing and speech) Bulbar muscle [cedars-sinai.edu]

In TM patients after taking anticholinesterase drugs do not feel the increase of facial muscle strength as well as in some bulbar dysfunctions the regresses of symptoms after [scirp.org]

Occasional patients have myalgia, cramps, and bulbar and ocular muscle weakness. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Upper Motor Neuron Disease

Primary lateral sclerosis can occasionally present with bulbar dysfunction, but is characteristically very slowly progressive with UMN signs ultimately generalising. [pn.bmj.com]

[…] region for a prolonged period (>6 months) and is characterised by female predominance and UMN bulbar dysfunction, although clinical features of ALS may develop. 39 The rates [acnr.co.uk]

dysfunction. 9 Figure 1 Spinobulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's disease): (A) facial asymmetry due to asymmetrical facial muscle weakness which is accentuated by pursing [jnnp.bmj.com]

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 1

dysfunction 28 From Bramwell: Atlas of Clinical Medicine ALS with Bulbar involvement Usual pattern: Upper > Lower motor neuron involvement Associations Females Older age [neuromuscular.wustl.edu]

UMN dysfunction manifests as weakness predominating in the arm extensors and leg flexors with evidence of hypertonia, hyper-reflexia and upgoing plantar responses; the bulbar [patient.info]

Visual decline Illustrative Case 1 BULBAR FORM Relatives of a 61-year-old woman reported that she appeared to have difficulty concentrating during long discussions. [aafp.org]

Autosomal-Recessive Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss and Deafness DFNB61

An autosomal recessive progressive neurologic disorder characterized by early childhood onset of sensorineural deafness, bulbar dysfunction, and severe diffuse muscle weakness [nectarmutation.org]

These patients can be debilitated when in the later stages of the disease and may have profound bulbar dysfunction with a theoretical increase in the risk of aspiration. [ [saudija.org]

Patients with NMD usually experience mild to moderate bulbar dysfunction, with the exception of patients diagnosed with ALS, type 1 SMA and patients with rapidly progressive [healthdocbox.com]

[…] of sensory axons, and signs of endocrine dysfunction, including diabetes mellitus, gynecomastia, and testicular atrophy. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis

Etiology: SLK is often associated with thyroid dysfunction. [missionforvisionusa.org]

[…] and palpebral conjunctivae; associated with thyroid dysfunction. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

One theory is that lid retraction results in rubbing of the tarsus and bulbar conjunctiva producing inflammation. [missionforvisionusa.org]