Possible Causes for bulging fontanelle Head Trauma INTRODUCTION: Head injuries represent a concern in skiing and snowboarding, with traumatic brain injuries being the most common cause of death. AIM: To describe the mechanisms of head and face injuries among World Cup alpine and freestyle skiers and snowboarders. METHODS: We performed a qualitative analysis of[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Subdural Hematoma […] walking Headache Lack of energy or confusion Seizures or loss of consciousness Nausea and vomiting Weakness or numbness Vision problems In infants, symptoms may include: Bulging [nlm.nih.gov] fontanelles (the soft spots of the baby's skull) Separated sutures (the areas where growing skull bones join) Feeding problems Seizures High-pitched cry, irritability Increased [nlm.nih.gov] Bacterial Meningitis Stiff neck (generally not present in children under the age of one year or in patients with altered mental state), back rigidity, bulging fontanelle (in infants), photophobia [patient.info] In young babies, doctors may also look for a bulging fontanelle (soft spot on infant’s head) or abnormal reflexes. [cdc.gov] fontanelles in babies Decreased alertness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backward ( opisthotonos [medlineplus.gov] Brain Abscess fontanelle (the soft spot located on the top of a baby’s head). [upmc.com] Bulging fontanelle in infants. Differential diagnosis Meningitis. Encephalitis. Brain tumour or other intracranial space-occupying lesion. [patient.info] […] muscle function Seizures Decreased sensation Trouble with speech Symptoms of brain abscess in babies and young children include high-pitched cries, poor feeding, and full or bulging [upmc.com] Obstructive Hydrocephalus Manifestations can include enlarged head, bulging fontanelle, irritability, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures. [msdmanuals.com] In infants and neonates, a disproportionate head growth, bulging fontanelles, markedly wider separation of the cranial sutures, and paresis of upward gaze (the "setting sun [symptoma.com] In infants with hydrocephalus, the symptoms are an abnormally enlarged head circumference, a tense and bulged fontanelle, a conspicuous eye position, the so-called sundown [uniklinik-freiburg.de] Communicating Hydrocephalus Physical examination can reveal an enlarged head (macrocephaly) and a bulging, prominent fontanelle. [symptoma.com] Communicating Hydrocephalus Picture – Showing Bulging fontanel, Lateral ventricle, Third ventricle, Aqueduct of Sylvius and the Fourth ventricle. [heydoctor.org] fontanelle Setting-sun sign: Characteristic of increased intracranial pressure (ICP); downward deviation of the ocular globes, retracted upper lids, visible white sclerae [emedicine.medscape.com] Hydrocephalus Manifestations can include enlarged head, bulging fontanelle, irritability, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures. [msdmanuals.com] Preoperative clinical parameters, including head circumference, bulging fontanelle, and coagulopathy, were not significantly associated with development of MIPH. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Hydrocephalus that develops only after the fontanelles have closed does not increase head circumference or cause the fontanelle to bulge but can markedly and rapidly increase [msdmanuals.com] Subdural Empyema fontanelle, seizures DIFFERENTIAL Epidural abscess - not as ill, rare nuchal rigidity Cerebral abscess - chronic course, rare nuchal rigidity SDH - no contrast enhancement [learnneurosurgery.com] On examination, the infant was pyrexial at 39 C, tachycardic with a capillary refill time of 4 seconds and a bulging anterior fontanelle. [casesjournal.biomedcentral.com] He had fever and tense-bulging anterior fontanelle. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Pneumococcal Meningitis fontanelles in infants Decreased consciousness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backwards ( opisthotonos [medlineplus.gov] Young babies may present with poor feeding, irritability, lethargy, vomiting, fever, and a bulging anterior fontanel. [symptoma.com] […] chills Mental status changes Nausea and vomiting Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Agitation Bulging [medlineplus.gov] Meningococcal Meningitis fontanelles in infants Decreased consciousness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture with the head and neck arched backwards ( opisthotonus [ufhealth.org] […] purpura ) Rash, pinpoint red spots ( petechiae ) Sensitivity to light ( photophobia ) Severe headache Stiff neck Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Agitation Bulging [medlineplus.gov] […] include: Fever and chills Nausea and vomiting Purple, bruise-like areas ( purpura ) Severe headache Stiff neck Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Agitation Bulging [mountsinai.org] Brain Edema fontanel absent signs of ICP and intelligence may be spared. [quizlet.com] […] produce an increase in ICP but may result in dementia and gait changes Hydrocephalus in utero or in newborn Ventricles expand, cranial sutures separate, head expands, with bulging [quizlet.com] Subdural Effusion Clinical, infants Bulging fontanelle, widened sutures, increased head circumference, persistent fever, increased intracranial pressure, leading to vomiting, seizures. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com] Symptoms may include: Outward curving of a baby's soft spot ( bulging fontanelle ) Abnormally wide spaces in the bony joints of a baby's skull ( separated sutures ) Increased [nlm.nih.gov] H influenzae meningitis Clinical, infants Bulging fontanelle, widened sutures, head circumference, persistent fever, intracranial pressure vomiting, seizures Management Antibiotics [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com] Meningitis fontanel. [orpha.net] Know the Symptoms Arching of the back (infants) Behavioural changes Blank, staring expression Bulging fontanelle (infants) Cold hands and feet Diarrhoea Dislike of being handled [meningitis.com.au] […] stiffness and photophobia are often absent in infants and young children who may manifest nonspecific signs such as irritability, inconsolable crying, poor feeding, and a bulging [orpha.net] Neonatal Meningitis The newborn may not have a bulging fontanelle or a stiff neck. [calsprogram.org] Upon admission the infant was more alert and appeared hungry, but still was irritable and had a bulging fontanelle. [pediatriceducation.org] Head examination had a bulging fontanelle. Pupils were 3 mm and reactive. Cardiac exam showed no murmur. Genitourinary showed normal male genitalia. [pediatriceducation.org] Listerial Meningitis Only occasionally do infants develop posturing, seizures, or an unusually firm, tender, or bulging fontanelle that would direct a clinician to suspect a CNS infection ( 1, [jcm.asm.org] In young babies, doctors may also look for a bulging fontanelle (soft spot on infant’s head) or abnormal reflexes. [cdc.gov] Syphilitic Meningitis We report a neonate who presented at 60 hours of life w ith irritability, poor activity, seizures and bulging fontanel. [content.iospress.com] Hemophilus Meningitis Incubation period unknown, 2 - 4 days probably Signs and Symptoms Fever Vomiting Headache Lethargy Bulging fontanelle in infants Progressive stupor or coma is common Stiff [deputyprimeminister.gov.mt] Babies with meningitis may have drowsiness, poor feeding, bulging fontanelles (the soft spot on the top of a baby’s head) and high fever. [healthywa.wa.gov.au] fontanelle Symptoms of epiglottitis Fever Breathing difficulty Noisy breathing Difficulty swallowing Drooling A child with epiglottitis may sit with an extended neck and [immune.org.nz] Kernicterus fontanel (soft spot) Seizures Late stage: High-frequency hearing loss Intellectual disability Muscle rigidity Speech difficulties Seizures Movement disorder Exams and Tests [nicklauschildrens.org] The affected baby may then develop a high-pitched cry, hypertonia of extensor muscles with arched back and hyperextended neck, bulging fontanelle and seizures. [patient.info] fontanelles, pulmonary hemorrhage chronic: hearing damage, strabismus, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, death Conjugated (direct) bilirubin cannot enter the brain and [sharinginhealth.ca] Brain Laceration The ICD 9 Code for Other and unspecified cerebral laceration and contusion, without mention of open intracranial wound, unspecified state of consciousness is listed as 851.80. Additional information concerning this code and description can be found below including ICD 10 crosswalks / GEMS, and chapter information[…] [emedcodes.com] Urea Cycle Disorder Urea cycle disorder (UCD) is an inborn error of the metabolic pathway producing urea from ammonia, which occurs primarily in the liver. Decreased excretion of nitrogen in the urea cycle due to deficiency of carbamoyl phosphate synthase I (CPSI), ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), argininosuccinate synthase (ASS),[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Ventricular Hemorrhage Dehydration and signs and symptoms of infection What to expect in a bulging fontanel of a baby with IVH -Some babies may or may not have bulging fontanel with a sever bleed [quizlet.com] fontanel 6) High pitched cry 7) Absent Moro reflex 8. 8) Seizures 9) A sudden drop in hematocrit 10) Failure to suck well 11) Change in muscle tone or level of consciousness [slideshare.net] […] of the fontanelles, the "soft spots" between the bones of the baby's head anemia (low blood count) [childrenshospital.org] Encephalitis In infants, symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis may include fever, vomiting, lethargy, body stiffness, unexplained irritability, and a full or bulging fontanel (the soft [web.archive.org] fontanelle In very severe cases, encephalitis can lead to coma and even death. [healthdirect.gov.au] […] symptoms Symptoms tend to come on very suddenly and may include: a high fever headache stiff neck vomiting sensitivity to light convulsions drowsiness confusion in babies, a bulging [healthdirect.gov.au] Staphylococcus Aureus Meningitis fontanelles in infants Decreased alertness Poor feeding or irritability in children Rapid breathing Unusual posture, with the head and neck arched backwards ( opisthotonos [medlineplus.gov] Stiff neck (generally not present in children under the age of one year or in patients with altered mental state), back rigidity, bulging fontanelle (in infants), photophobia [patient.info] Enlarged head LATE Lethargy Unilateral or bilateral 6th nerve palsy Transtentorial or transforaminal syndromes Lethargy or hyperirritability Failure to thrive, vomiting Bulging [atsu.edu] Rickets Pan Afr Med J. 2018 May 4;30:9. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.9.14762. eCollection 2018. Author information 1 Endocrinology Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases Department of the Mohammed "V" Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco. Abstract Rickets are abnormalities of mineralization that can lead to bone fractures and deformities.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Leptospiral Meningitis Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease characterised by headache and fever. These symptoms are often suggestive of meningitis, but only a proportion of patients have leptospiral meningitis. We report episodes of leptospiral meningitis in patients admitted to a tertiary referral centre in the Netherlands, in[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Tularemic Meningitis Tularemia meningitis occurred in a previously healthy 64-year-old man from Northern Sweden. The patient was immunocompetent and recovered without sequelae. The bacterial isolate conformed by most criteria with the Euro-Asian biovar Francisella tularensis var. palaearctica. Tularemia meningitis may mimic meningitis[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Haemophilus Influenzae Pneumonia fontanelle Symptoms of epiglottitis Fever Breathing difficulty Noisy breathing Difficulty swallowing Drooling A child with epiglottitis may sit with an extended neck and [immune.org.nz] fontanelle (or soft spot) Behavior changes Is often resistant to bend their neck when trying to play with or pick up a toy The symptoms of H. influenzae infection may resemble [stanfordchildrens.org] Fever, loss of appetite, vomiting Drowsiness, headache, sensitivity to bright light, neck stiffness Signs may be vague and non-specific in young infants; they may have a bulging [immune.org.nz] Aqueduct of Sylvius Anomaly Manifestations can include enlarged head, bulging fontanelle, irritability, lethargy, vomiting, and seizures. [merckmanuals.com] In the infant enlarging head size, bulging fontanelles and gaping cranial sutures are seen. Setting sun phenomenon may also be present. [radiopaedia.org] fontanelle, head circumference, irritability, lethargy • DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST • • Consider • Shunt headache does not always mean shunt failure – Consider sinusitis, trauma [slideshare.net] Common Cold In addition, take your baby or child to the doctor if they have: a bulging fontanelle (the soft spot on top of the baby's head); excessive irritability; high pitched cry; [mydr.com.au] Haemophilus Influenzae fontanelle (or soft spot) behavior changes For meningitis in children older than 1 year neck and/or back pain headache nausea and vomiting neck stiffness Can you prevent [childrenshospital.org] Babies with meningitis may have drowsiness, poor feeding, bulging fontanelles (the soft spot on the top of a baby’s head) and high fever. [healthywa.wa.gov.au] […] forward child keeps his or her mouth open For meningitis in infants irritability sleeping all the time refusing a bottle cries when picked up or being held inconsolable crying bulging [childrenshospital.org]
