Cavitation: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Cavitation

Aseptic cavitation of a sterile pulmonary infarct should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any cavitating lung lesion, particularly if it shows the above features [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A case of pulmonary infarction presenting as aseptic cavitation was reported. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A nodular opacity in the right lung that transformed into a cavitating lesion was documented by computerized axial tomography. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary Clear Cell Tumor

Radiographic features Usually seen as a rounded, smooth-walled, and peripheral parenchymal nodule without cavitation or calcification. [radiopaedia.org]

There was no definite cavitation or necrosis. [spandidos-publications.com]

Cut surfaces are typically homogeneous and glistening without evidence of hemorrhage, necrosis, cavitation, or calcification. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lung Abscess

CT is not routinely needed (eg, if cavitation is clear on chest x-ray in a patient who has risk factors for lung abscess). [merckmanuals.com]

It does not commonly present with cavitation because of the dual blood supply of the lung; however, cavitation may complicate 4–7% of all pulmonary infarctions. [austinpublishinggroup.com]

However, CT may be useful when cavitation is suggested but not clearly seen on the chest x-ray, when an underlying pulmonary mass obstructing the drainage of a lung segment [merckmanuals.com]

Staphylococcal Pneumonia

Note the low-attenuation areas ( Fig. 50.1D ), reflecting regions of necrosis and the cavitation. [radiologykey.com]

RESULTS: The most striking features were the presence of multilobar consolidation on presentation, cavitation, pneumatocoeles and spontaneous pneumothorax, together with a [thorax.bmj.com]

Chest X-rays showed unilateral consolidation in 14 cases, bilateral consolidation in 10, pleural effusion in 15, rapid radiological progression of pulmonary lesions in 14, cavitation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chemical Burn

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Pulmonary Cavitary Tuberculosis

Postmortem examination of lungs There is prominent scarring and cavitation, predominantly affecting the apical aspect of the right lung, along with background mild pneumonic [radiopaedia.org]

The following group of photographs illustrate upper lobe/apical cavitary disease: Cavitation and tuberculous bronchopneumonia Cavitation and tuberculous bronchopneumonia Cavitation [granuloma.homestead.com]

Even then, cavitation can be an infrequent event ( Lin et al., 2013 ). [dmm.biologists.org]

Lemierre Syndrome

In contrast to the preantibiotic era, cavitating pneumonia and septic arthritis are now uncommon. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Computed tomographic imaging of the chest revealed bilateral pleural effusion and multiple areas of consolidation with cavitation (Panel B, arrows). [content.nejm.org]

The previous classical description of severe sepsis with cavitating pneumonia and septic arthritis was not commonly seen in our review. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lingular Pneumonia

They can mimic pneumothorax or a cavitating lung mass. [radiopaedia.org]

The following images were performed 24 h later. b Plain chest radiograph with the child intubated and ventilated revealing cavitation in the right mid to upper zones, pleural [pneumonia.biomedcentral.com]

An underlying cavitating mass is considered less likely. [radiopaedia.org]

Aspergilloma

Cavitation in pulmonary sarcoidosis is rather unusual and even rarer in the alveolar form of the disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Reported literature suggests its development in cystic lesions/cavitation associated with tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, and cavitating neoplasm [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

X-ray chest was suggestive of a cavitation in left upper zone with suspicion of a fungalball CECT chest revealed left upper lobe multiple fibrotic areas with cavitation filled [omicsonline.org]

Penetrating Wound

The ability to survive temporary cavitation blunt trauma is very specific. [hsj.gr]

[8] Temporary cavitation [ edit ] High-velocity objects are usually projectiles such as bullets from high-powered rifles, such as assault rifles [7] or sniper rifles. [en.wikipedia.org]

Penetrating trauma causes a permanent cavitation; an opening in the body caused by a force that pushes body tissues away from the path of the projectile. [medictests.com]

Pulmonary Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis

Diffuse multifocal air-space opacities with or without cavitation may also be seen. [pubs.rsna.org]

[…] in the fourth to sixth decade of life) and commonly affecting the lungs (with presentations varying from small bilateral pulmonary nodules to large necrotic and sometimes cavitating [orpha.net]

Figure 1 CT scan showing a cavitating lesion in the left lower lobe and multiple opacities in the right lung. [thorax.bmj.com]

Cystic Lung Disease

[…] type of cavitating metastatic lesions. 1, 2, 3 CT scan also is very sensitive to detect cavitating metastatic adenocarcinomas. [ispub.com]

The nodules may cavitate (Figures 13, 14 ) [ 19, 20 ]. [jbsr.be]

This may initially result in the nodules appearing to cavitate and a differential diagnosis for cavitating nodules may sometimes be incorrectly entertained. [link.springer.com]

Dental Caries

The prevalence of untreated dental caries was 74.9% (335), with a specific mean of affected surfaces by cavitated or non-cavitated lesions of 9.7 ± 9.4 ( Table 2 ). [scielo.br]

[…] expanded cavitation. [pocketdentistry.com]

[…] workgroup formed by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry developed guidance and an evidence-based recommendation regarding the application of 38 percent SDF to arrest cavitated [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

KEYWORDS: Pulmonary tuberculosis; cavitation; chest x-ray; pretreatment [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Imaging showed patchy airspace opacities with cavitation in left lung. Imaging of the neck revealed retrosternal extension of the goitre. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary Metastasis

Cavitating pulmonary metastases refer to pulmonary metastases which then tend to cavitate. [radiopaedia.org]

[…] tuberculosis: upper lobe predominant consolidative region with cavitation [radiopaedia.org]

[…] bacterial abscess/cavitating pneumonia post-pneumonic pneumatocele: a thin walled pneumatocele is not really a cavity but when infected can be thick-walled septic pulmonary [radiopaedia.org]

Septic Embolus

Coronal-reformatted CT of the chest shows multiple peripheral masses, most with cavitation (white arrows). [learningradiology.com]

typically over 24-48 hours Nodules often in various stages of cavitation: No wall to thin wall May change in number or appearance (size or degree of cavitation) from day [radiologykey.com]

There is some suggestion of cavitation of the larger nodules. CT images confirm numerous parenchymal nodules, many of which have central cavitation. [vcuthoracicimaging.com]

Aspergillosis

In US studies up to 1984, cavitation rates varied from 2% to 12.5% and aspergilloma rates from 1% to 11% [ 29 – 36 ]. [doi.org]

Assuming the prevalence of cavitation in pulmonary TB of about 22%; and, the frequency of CPA to be about 22% and 2% in tuberculous cavities and healed PTB without cavitation [journals.plos.org]

Only 2.2% of children showed the air crescent sign, 11% demonstrated the halo sign, and cavitation was seen in 24.5% of patients. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Syringobulbia

Syringomyelia (central cavitation of the spinal cord) and syringobulbia (cavitation of the medulla) are relatively rare disorders. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Vegetative disorders are common in syringomyelia and include vasomotor and secretory alterations and especially Horner's sign on the side of the cavitation. [quintpub.com]

The severity and distribution of signs depend on the site and extend of the cavitations and the subsequent gliosis. [japi.org]

Necrotizing Alveolitis

The pneumonic consolidation may spread gradually and undergo cavitation. [patient.info]

Look for nodules with cavitation. [radiologyassistant.nl]

Complications occur when a lesion cavitates and becomes infected or ruptures into the pleural space [ 79 ]. [err.ersjournals.com]

Caplan Syndrome

CT scanning gives a better picture of cavitation. [ 4 ] Spirometry may reveal a mixed restrictive and obstructive ventilatory defect with a loss of lung volume. [patient.info]

They can cavitate, calcify, or develop air-fluid levels. Grossly, they can resemble a giant silicotic nodule. [en.wikipedia.org]

One of the large nodules showed cavitation during follow-up. Computed tomography (CT) was helpful in identifying calcification in another large nodule. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary Lymphoma

We report the case of a patient with Hodgkin's disease who demonstrated multiple cavitating lung lesions with aberrant immunophenotypic expression of T-cell antigens. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A chest roentgenogram showed a dense mass with cavitation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cavitated pulmonary mass with pleural effusion. [archbronconeumol.org]

Pulmonary Plasma Cell Granuloma

Cavitation is exceedingly rare. Hilar and mediastinal adenopathy is also very uncommon. [humpath.com]

[…] excision with histologic examination Radiology description Xray: single, well defined, round or oval mass CT: may show pleural retraction if lesion involves pleura, may show cavitation [pathologyoutlines.com]

Central cavitation is a very unusual feature. Hilar lymphadenopathy is rare and pleural effusion has not been reported to occur with this etiology [4]. [ijri.org]

Mycobacterium xenopi Infection

Cavitating lesions in the upper lobes, masses, miliary nodules, and mediastinal or hilar adenopathies are common.9 Woodring and Fried10 found that the majority of cavities [archbronconeumol.org]

(37%), M. kansasii to BQ (9%), cavitation (15%), and consolidations (13%). [2] When compared the cavity forms produced by a MNT against tuberculosis, the first affecting [caijournal.com]

CT chest-abdomen-pelvis showed extensive scarring and cavitation in the lung apices with minimal fluid in some cavities. [journal.chestnet.org]

Pulmonary Histiocytosis X

The other abnormalities included nodules (n = 14), cavitated nodules (n = 3), thick-walled cysts (n = 7), reticulation (n = 4), ground-glass opacities (n = 4), and irregular [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] organizing pneumonia frequently seen at periphery of nodules Intra-lumenal macrophages may be prominent in alveoli adjacent to nodule Not a diffuse finding Nodules frequently cavitate [surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu]

Look for nodules with cavitation. [radiologyassistant.nl]

Rheumatoid Lung Disease

Cavitation of a rheumatoid lung nodule caused the pneumothorax in at least 1 case. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The subpleural location of the nodules and cavitation were more easily diagnosed using CT. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

( necrobiotic lung nodules ) cavitation of a peripheral nodule can lead to pneumothorax or hemopneumothorax. follicular bronchiolitis small centrilobular nodules or tree-in-bud [radiopaedia.org]

Syringomyelia - Syringobulbia

Introduction Cavitation within the spinal cord that damages surrounding spinal tracts damage to anterior white commissure of spinothalamic tract "cape-like" deficit in pain [step1.medbullets.com]

Vegetative disorders are common in syringomyelia and include vasomotor and secretory alterations and especially Horner's sign on the side of the cavitation. [quintpub.com]

Abstract Syringomyelia (central cavitation of the spinal cord) and syringobulbia (cavitation of the medulla) are relatively rare disorders. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Ultrathin bronchoscopy provides a new option for definitive diagnosis of cavitating IPA. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Many disorders can present as cavitating lesions in the lung. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pneumothorax can be a rare complication of subacute IPA due to a leakage of air from an air-filled lung cavitation into the pleural space. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neuroferritinopathy

Iron deposition in the caudate head and cavitation in the lateral globus pallidus correlated with UDRS score (p < 0.001). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates iron deposition in the basal ganglia and cavitation. [eurekaselect.com]

[…] brain tissue iron content. 3T structural and quantitative MR imaging assessment of R2* in 10 patients with neuroferritinopathy demonstrated a unique pattern of basal ganglia cavitation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary Candidiasis

The typical radiographic appearance was progressive air space consolidation, although two infants with the embolic form of pulmonary candidiasis had focal cavitation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other less common CT findings included pleural effusion (n = 3), thickening of the bronchial walls (n = 2), and cavitation (n = 1). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Accompanying focal cavitation may develop. In general, there is thought to be a poor correlation between the radiographic and pathological findings. [radiopaedia.org]

Pulmonary Nocardiosis

On imaging it can sometimes mimic: lung cancer : in particular SCC with cavitation non-nocardial lung abscess tuberculosis actinomycosis Promoted articles (advertising) [radiopaedia.org]

[…] multiple nodules, p < 0.045 for cavitation). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cavitation may also occur in approximately one third of patients. [ajronline.org]