Cavitation: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for cavitation

Pulmonary Infarction

Aseptic cavitation of a sterile pulmonary infarct should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any cavitating lung lesion, particularly if it shows the above features [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A nodular opacity in the right lung that transformed into a cavitating lesion was documented by computerized axial tomography. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A case of pulmonary infarction presenting as aseptic cavitation was reported. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chemical Burn

In general, immediate water irrigation is recommended for all chemical burns. Very few chemicals cannot be safely washed off the skin with water, however cresol is one of the exceptions. A 40 per cent TBSA cresol chemical burn that subsequently developed systemic intoxication and multiple organ failure is reported.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary Cavitary Tuberculosis

The following group of photographs illustrate upper lobe/apical cavitary disease: Cavitation and tuberculous bronchopneumonia Cavitation and tuberculous bronchopneumonia Cavitation [granuloma.homestead.com]

Even then, cavitation can be an infrequent event ( Lin et al., 2013 ). [dmm.biologists.org]

Postmortem examination of lungs There is prominent scarring and cavitation, predominantly affecting the apical aspect of the right lung, along with background mild pneumonic [radiopaedia.org]

Lung Abscess

When the patient was re-evaluated because of unexplained shortness of breath, an area of infarction was detected that had led to the development of cavitation secondary to [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The X-ray revealed a cavitation in the right pulmonary upper lobe. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In this regard we present a case series of pulmonary cavitation due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and discuss the possible pathogenic mechanism of the disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary Clear Cell Tumor

There was no definite cavitation or necrosis. [spandidos-publications.com]

Cut surfaces are typically homogeneous and glistening without evidence of hemorrhage, necrosis, cavitation, or calcification. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The gross specimen reveals a well-defined nodule measuring 2.7 cm in diameter without evidence of cavitation, hemorrhage, or calcification. [spandidos-publications.com]

Lingular Pneumonia

They can mimic pneumothorax or a cavitating lung mass. [radiopaedia.org]

The following images were performed 24 h later. b Plain chest radiograph with the child intubated and ventilated revealing cavitation in the right mid to upper zones, pleural [pneumonia.biomedcentral.com]

An underlying cavitating mass is considered less likely. [radiopaedia.org]

Aspergilloma

Cavitation in pulmonary sarcoidosis is rather unusual and even rarer in the alveolar form of the disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Reported literature suggests its development in cystic lesions/cavitation associated with tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, and cavitating neoplasm [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A cavitation with thick margins in the ablation zone was noticed 6 months after PRFA. A biopsy was performed, and aspergilloma was diagnosed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Staphylococcal Pneumonia

Chest X-rays showed unilateral consolidation in 14 cases, bilateral consolidation in 10, pleural effusion in 15, rapid radiological progression of pulmonary lesions in 14, cavitation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

RESULTS: The most striking features were the presence of multilobar consolidation on presentation, cavitation, pneumatocoeles and spontaneous pneumothorax, together with a [thorax.bmj.com]

Pathogenesis. cause confluent bronchopneumonia often unilateral or more prominent on one side than the other extensive areas of hemorrhagic necrosis and irregular areas of cavitation [medicalpptonline.blogspot.com]

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

KEYWORDS: Pulmonary tuberculosis; cavitation; chest x-ray; pretreatment [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Imaging showed patchy airspace opacities with cavitation in left lung. Imaging of the neck revealed retrosternal extension of the goitre. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Syringomyelia

Abstract Syringomyelia (central cavitation of the spinal cord) and syringobulbia (cavitation of the medulla) are relatively rare disorders. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

OBJECTIVE: Syringomyelia is considered as a fluid-filled cavitation inside the spinal cord. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Syringomyelia is a fluid-filled cavitation within the substance of the spinal cord. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cystic Lung Disease

This may initially result in the nodules appearing to cavitate and a differential diagnosis for cavitating nodules may sometimes be incorrectly entertained. [link.springer.com]

[…] review the definition of pulmonary cysts To differentiate from other air filled pulmonary lesions, like an emphysematous bulla, cystic bronchiectasis, honeycombing, and a cavitating [dx.doi.org]

However, the combination of nodules, cavitating nodules and cysts in a smoker should allow a confident and accurate diagnosis to be made on CT alone [ 6 ]. [link.springer.com]

Septic Embolus

Coronal-reformatted CT of the chest shows multiple peripheral masses, most with cavitation (white arrows). [learningradiology.com]

[…] suspected in febrile patients whose chest CT showed multiple pulmonary nodules/patches, with or without cavitations. [journals.lww.com]

Sometimes massive Chest pain Shaking chills High fever Severe sinus tachycardia Location Predilection for lung bases Imaging Findings Multiple round or wedge-shaped densities Cavitation [learningradiology.com]

Lemierre Syndrome

In contrast to the preantibiotic era, cavitating pneumonia and septic arthritis are now uncommon. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Computed tomographic imaging of the chest revealed bilateral pleural effusion and multiple areas of consolidation with cavitation (Panel B, arrows). [content.nejm.org]

The previous classical description of severe sepsis with cavitating pneumonia and septic arthritis was not commonly seen in our review. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Dental Caries

Early Childhood Caries is defined as the presence of one or more decayed (non-cavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries) or filled tooth surfaces in any primary [web.archive.org]

[…] workgroup formed by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry developed guidance and an evidence-based recommendation regarding the application of 38 percent SDF to arrest cavitated [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

RESULTS: The panel made a conditional recommendation regarding the use of 38 percent SDF for the arrest of cavitated caries lesions in primary teeth as part of a comprehensive [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Caplan Syndrome

CT scanning gives a better picture of cavitation. [ 4 ] Spirometry may reveal a mixed restrictive and obstructive ventilatory defect with a loss of lung volume. [patient.info]

They can cavitate, calcify, or develop air-fluid levels. Grossly, they can resemble a giant silicotic nodule. [en.wikipedia.org]

One of the large nodules showed cavitation during follow-up. Computed tomography (CT) was helpful in identifying calcification in another large nodule. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Aspergillosis

In US studies up to 1984, cavitation rates varied from 2% to 12.5% and aspergilloma rates from 1% to 11% [ 29 – 36 ]. [doi.org]

The pneumonic consolidation may spread gradually and undergo cavitation. [patient.info]

In particular, in France, H ours et al. [ 1 ] found 41 (3.9%) out of 1,060 patients with pulmonary cavitation in those with pulmonary sarcoidosis. [doi.org]

Pyopneumothorax

The nodule in the right lung subsequently cavitated leading to pyopneumothorax. The diagnosis of rheumatoid lung was confirmed by post-mortem. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cavitation of these nodules is common because of central necrosis. [elsevier.es]

[…] in 3, and associated empyema in 1. 3,4 Lung nodules represent over 70% of lung lesions in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. 3 These are usually subpleural and can cavitate [elsevier.es]

Penetrating Wound

The ability to survive temporary cavitation blunt trauma is very specific. [hsj.gr]

[8] Temporary cavitation [ edit ] High-velocity objects are usually projectiles such as bullets from high-powered rifles, such as assault rifles [7] or sniper rifles. [en.wikipedia.org]

Penetrating trauma causes a permanent cavitation; an opening in the body caused by a force that pushes body tissues away from the path of the projectile. [medictests.com]

Pulmonary Lymphoma

A chest roentgenogram showed a dense mass with cavitation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We report the case of a patient with Hodgkin's disease who demonstrated multiple cavitating lung lesions with aberrant immunophenotypic expression of T-cell antigens. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cavitated pulmonary mass with pleural effusion. [archbronconeumol.org]

Acute Sarcoidosis

[…] opacities) Stage III - Parenchymal involvement (reticular opacities) with shrinking adenopathy Stage IV - Parenchymal involvement turns into volume loss (pulmonary fibrosis); cavitations [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pulmonary Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis

Diffuse multifocal air-space opacities with or without cavitation may also be seen. [pubs.rsna.org]

Figure 1 CT scan showing a cavitating lesion in the left lower lobe and multiple opacities in the right lung. [thorax.bmj.com]

The lesions can progress rapidly, coalesce and commonly cavitate, therefore mimicking Wegner's granulomatosis or metastases 6. [synapse.koreamed.org]

Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Ultrathin bronchoscopy provides a new option for definitive diagnosis of cavitating IPA. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Many disorders can present as cavitating lesions in the lung. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pneumothorax can be a rare complication of subacute IPA due to a leakage of air from an air-filled lung cavitation into the pleural space. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary Candidiasis

The typical radiographic appearance was progressive air space consolidation, although two infants with the embolic form of pulmonary candidiasis had focal cavitation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other less common CT findings included pleural effusion (n 3), thickening of the bronchial walls (n 2), and cavitation (n 1). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Accompanying focal cavitation may develop. In general, there is thought to be a poor correlation between the radiographic and pathological findings. [radiopaedia.org]

Pulmonary Metastasis

Cavitating pulmonary metastases refer to pulmonary metastases which then tend to cavitate. [radiopaedia.org]

[…] tuberculosis : upper lobe predominant consolidative region with cavitation [radiopaedia.org]

[…] bacterial abscess/cavitating pneumonia post-pneumonic pneumatocele: a thin walled pneumatocele is not really a cavity but when infected can be thick-walled septic pulmonary [radiopaedia.org]

Rheumatoid Lung Disease

Cavitation of a rheumatoid lung nodule caused the pneumothorax in at least 1 case. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The subpleural location of the nodules and cavitation were more easily diagnosed using CT. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(necrobiotic lung nodules) cavitation of a peripheral nodule can lead to pneumothorax or haemopneumothorax. follicular bronchiolitis small centrilobular nodules or tree-in-bud [en.wikipedia.org]

Neuroferritinopathy

Iron deposition in the caudate head and cavitation in the lateral globus pallidus correlated with UDRS score (p 0.001). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates iron deposition in the basal ganglia and cavitation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] brain tissue iron content. 3T structural and quantitative MR imaging assessment of R2* in 10 patients with neuroferritinopathy demonstrated a unique pattern of basal ganglia cavitation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

On admission, high-resolution chest computed tomography showed bilateral, multiple, poorly circumscribed nodules and masses, some of which showed cavitation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Four images span approximately two years and show typical waxing and waning of pulmonary masses (white and green arrows), some of which cavitate (blue arrow), some of which [learningradiology.com]

Chest radiography showing a large infiltrate with a central cavitation in the right upper pulmonary field. [aafp.org]

Pulmonary Nocardiosis

[…] multiple nodules, p 0.045 for cavitation). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CONCLUSIONS: Among the HRCT findings in patients with pneumonia, a nodule/mass with interlobular septal thickening and/or cavitation are suggestive of pulmonary nocardiosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

One or more nodules or masses (82.35%) and consolidations (58.82%) were the most frequent radiologic abnormalities, and cavitation mostly occurred within two weeks. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary Cryptococcosis

We describe here a case of rapidly progressive pulmonary with cavitation in an immunocompetent woman. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cavitations within nodules/masses were more frequently present in immunocompromised patients than in immunocompetent patients (P 0.009), and in AIDS patients than in non-AIDS [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Scans were evaluated for nodules, masses, areas of ground-glass attenuation or of hazy increased attenuation, areas of consolidation, areas of cavitation, pleural effusions [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary Consolidation

Cavitation, bulging interlobular fissures and pleural effusion may also be evident. [healthhype.com]

Cavitation, bulging interlobular fissures and pleural effusion may also be evident. 3. [slideshare.net]

When cavitation is present, infection by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) should be suspected, although in some cases cavitation was related to infection by Aspergillus [omicsonline.org]