Chorioretinal-fold: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for chorioretinal fold

Alagille Syndrome

Alagille syndrome affects multiple organ systems. The most common vascular manifestation of Alagille syndrome is peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis. A few cases of abdominal vasculature involvement have been reported, particularly in the pediatric age group. Herein, the authors describe an adult patient with Alagille[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Retinal Degeneration-Nanophthalmos-Glaucoma Syndrome

Chorioretinal folds and CME were present on fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT). [djo.harvard.edu]

CONCLUSION A distinctive yellow macular pigmentation with associated chorioretinal folds and crowded optic discs is present in nanophthalmos. [bjo.bmj.com]

Other relatively frequent ocular abnormalities observed in microphthalmos/posterior microphthalmos are absence of the capillary-free zone, retinal striae, chorioretinal folds [egms.de]

Choroid Disease

chorioretinal folds are quite characteristic when observed. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

(Also known as/Synonyms) Chorioretinal Folds Retina-Choroidal Folds What is Choroidal Folds? [dovemed.com]

Congenital choroidal folds Diffuse chorioretinal lesion Hypertensive choroidopathy Idiopathic choroid folds Idiopathic choroidal folds Macular areolar choroidal atrophy Multiple [icd9data.com]

Micturition Syncope

Some patients have poor macular development or a horizontal papillo-macular fold and a "heaped-up" optic nerve head. [aao.org]

Uveal effusions may develop and subside spontaneously and lead to chorioretinal pigmentary changes and choroidal thickening. [aao.org]

Retinal Angioma

This shrinkage creates traction along the retinal surface, causing underlying chorioretinal folds and macular distortion.10 While this abnormality usually occurs after either [healio.com]

Uveitis

METHODS: We report one case of a 73-year-old woman with posterior uveal effusion syndrome who developed bilateral chorioretinal folds, treated as uveitis, who did not resolve [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Microphthalmos

Posterior segment changes included bilateral elevated papillomacular retinal fold (13 patients, 72.2%); fine retinal folds (6 patients, 33.3%); chorioretinal folds (11 patients [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

folds, 2, 3 and uveal effusion syndrome. 6 In previous reports, some familial cases of posterior microphthalmos have been identified with autosomal recessive inheritance. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The posterior segment commonly shows reduction of capillary free zone, crowded optic disc, elevated papillomacular fold, chorioretinal folds, fine retinal folds, uveal effusion [eyewiki.aao.org]

Cherubism

Sires, Optic neuropathy and macular chorioretinal folds caused by orbital cherubism. Arch Ophthalmol, 2003. 121 (4): p. 570-3. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Carroll, A.L. and T.J. [eyewiki.aao.org]

These authors describe a case of maxillary cherubism that extended into the orbit with “documented visual loss secondary to optic neuropathy and macular chorioretinal folds [fibrousdysplasia.org]

Myopic Macular Degeneration

[…] reoperation, macular hole, progression of chorioretinal atrophy. [retina3000.it]

Full macular translocation has the best functional outcomes,46 but it also has the highest risk of postoperative complications, such as retinal detachment, macular fold requiring [retina3000.it]

Intracranial Hemorrhage

The syndrome is classically defined as agenesis of the corpus callosum, chorioretinal lacunae, and infantile spasms, with a characteristic facies. [cancer.gov]

Additional brain, eye, and costovertebral defects are often found.[7] Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and hemihyperplasia The incidence of hepatoblastoma is increased 1,000-fold [cancer.gov]

Retinal Perforation

In the current series, intravitreal injection of balanced salt solution was sometimes performed to restore intraocular pressure and avoid corneal folds, which may prevent [scielo.br]

In the absence of severe vitreous traction on the retina, chorioretinal adhesion promoted by cryotherapy scars may be sufficient to maintain the retina attached without scleral [scielo.br]

Non-Syndromic Ocular Stickler Syndrome Type 1

Posterior chorioretinal atrophy, that was previously associated only with Wagner disease3. [centogene.com]

[…] abnormalities that can have the more common membranous form (type 1), characterized by a persistence of vestigial vitreous gel in the space behind the lens that is bordered by a folded [centogene.com]

Hepatoblastoma

The syndrome is classically defined as agenesis of the corpus callosum, chorioretinal lacunae, and infantile spasms, with a characteristic facies. [cancer.gov]

Additional brain, eye, and costovertebral defects are often found.[7] Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and hemihyperplasia The incidence of hepatoblastoma is increased 1,000-fold [cancer.gov]

Salivary Gland Disorder

folds from severely enlarged lacrimal glands, American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports, 9, (88), (2018). [doi.org]

Toru Kurokawa, Hideaki Hamano, Takashi Muraki, Takeshi Uehara, Shiori Masuo and Toshinori Murata, Immunoglobulin G4-related dacyroadenitis presenting as bilateral chorioretinal [doi.org]

Orbital Burkitt's Lymphoma

There was no evidence of chorioretinal folds, optic nerve oedema, or pallor. [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

Microangiopathy

Some patients have poor macular development or a horizontal papillo-macular fold and a "heaped-up" optic nerve head. [aao.org]

Uveal effusions may develop and subside spontaneously and lead to chorioretinal pigmentary changes and choroidal thickening. [aao.org]

Mesenteric Infarction

Some patients have poor macular development or a horizontal papillo-macular fold and a "heaped-up" optic nerve head. [aao.org]

Uveal effusions may develop and subside spontaneously and lead to chorioretinal pigmentary changes and choroidal thickening. [aao.org]

Isolated Congenital Sclerocornea

long eyelashes/AD/ABCC9/#239850 CEREBRAL-CEREBELLAR-COLOBOMA SYNDROME/Chorioretinal coloboma/XLR/-/300864 CEREBROOCULOFACIOSKELETAL SYNDROME/Cataracts, blepharophimosis, [eyewiki.org]

[…] microphthalmia, sparse lateral eyebrows/XLD/-/%304050 ALAGILLE SYNDROME/Posterior embryotoxin, deep-set eyes, hypertelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, ectopic pupils, chorioretinal [eyewiki.org]

[…] atrophy, band keratopathy, cataracts, retinal pigment clumping, axenfeld anomaly, anomalous optic disc, myopia, strabismus, choroidal folds, microcornea/AD; 50-70% de novo [eyewiki.org]

Hemangioblastoma

Lasave and Deromedis reported bilateral chorioretinal coloboma and a solitary, unilateral RCH and suggested a possible correlation between ischemic areas of the coloboma and [ijo.in]

[…] with retinochoroidal colobomas is retinal detachment, occurring in 8.1–43% of cases. [2], [3] Presence of both entities, as in our case, can increase the risk by several folds [ijo.in]

Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome

[…] pressure folds MEMO：眼底にみられる「ひだ」 14章　中心性漿液性脈絡網膜症、網膜色素上皮症と類縁疾患 1．中心性漿液性脈絡網膜症 central serous chorioretinopathy 2．中心性滲出性（出血性）脈絡網膜炎 central exudative chorioretinitis 3．地図状脈絡膜炎 [kinokuniya.co.jp]

[…] angioma 3．脈絡膜悪性黒色腫 malignant melanoma of the choroid 4．転移性脈絡膜腫瘍 metastatic tumor of the choroid 5．眼中枢神経系悪性リンパ腫 malignant lymphoma of eye-central nervous system 6．圧迫脈絡膜網膜ひだ（襞）chorioretinal [kinokuniya.co.jp]

Benign Concentric Annular Macular Dystrophy

folds Migranes Risk Factors for NAION (8) HTN DM Smoking Hyperlipidemia Migraine Vasculitis Chronic renal failure Dialysis Lebers Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (2) 11778 is [cram.com]

Chiasmal glioma (given “bowtie” atrophy of the nerve) Necrotizing encephalomyopathy Ddx Optic Nerve Drusen (75-86% Bilateral) (5) PXE Retinitis pigmentosa Angioid streaks Chorioretinal [cram.com]

Aortitis

folds from severely enlarged lacrimal glands, American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports, 9, (88), (2018). [doi.org]

Toru Kurokawa, Hideaki Hamano, Takashi Muraki, Takeshi Uehara, Shiori Masuo and Toshinori Murata, Immunoglobulin G4-related dacyroadenitis presenting as bilateral chorioretinal [doi.org]

Orbital Lymphoma

There was no evidence of chorioretinal folds, optic nerve oedema, or pallor. [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

Meningomyelocele

At no stage was there any evidence of choroidal folds. His best corrected visual acuity was 2/36 in the right eye and remained 6/6 on the left. [nature.com]

The initial CMO that had been noted had resolved leaving focal areas of chorioretinal atrophy and scattered areas of hyper- and hypopigmentation. [nature.com]

High Myopia-Sensorineural Deafness Syndrome

Posterior chorioretinal atrophy, that was previously associated only with Wagner disease 3. [centogene.com]

Alpers Syndrome

long eyelashes AD ABCC9 #239850 CEREBRAL-CEREBELLAR-COLOBOMA SYNDROME Chorioretinal coloboma XLR - 300864 CEREBROOCULOFACIOSKELETAL SYNDROME Cataracts, blepharophimosis, [eyewiki.aao.org]

[…] microphthalmia, sparse lateral eyebrows XLD - %304050 ALAGILLE SYNDROME Posterior embryotoxin, deep-set eyes, hypertelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, ectopic pupils, chorioretinal [eyewiki.aao.org]

[…] atrophy, band keratopathy, cataracts, retinal pigment clumping, axenfeld anomaly, anomalous optic disc, myopia, strabismus, choroidal folds, microcornea AD; 50-70% de novo [eyewiki.aao.org]

Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma

Except for the cup/disc ratio of 0.4 RE and 0.5 LE the fundi were normal, especially with no signs of chorioretinal folds. [jmedtropics.org]

Cerulean Cataract

[…] degeneration, congenital 743.54 Congenital folds and cysts of posterior segment 743.55 Congenital macular changes 743.56 Other retinal changes, congenital 743.57 Specified [healthprovidersdata.com]

Multiple and combined congenital anomalies of anterior segment 743.49 Other congenital anomalies of anterior segment 743.51 Vitreous anomalies 743.52 Fundus coloboma 743.53 Chorioretinal [healthprovidersdata.com]

Chorioretinitis

folds in the upper temporal quadrant. [borrelioosi.net]

OCT images of the chorioretinal lesion in the present case revealed RPE undulation with choroidal folds, hyper-reflective spots in the choroidal layer, and subretinal fluid [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

[…] tomography showed a large scleral mass (16 x 12 x 13 mm) in a patient with painful proptosis in the left eye with episcleral vascular dilation, reduction in bulbar motility, and chorioretinal [borrelioosi.net]

Vitreous Abscess

[…] degeneration, congenital 743.54 Congential folds and cysts of posterior segment 743.55 Congenital macular changes 743.56 Other retinal changes, congenital 743.57 Specified [oxhp.com]

Rheumatoid Arthritis 714.30-714.33 Juvenile chronic polyarthritis 743.5 Congential anomalies of posterior segment 743.51 Vitreous anomalies 743.52 Fundus coloboma 743.53 Chorioretinal [oxhp.com]