Chorioretinal Fold: Causes & Reasons

Warning: Do not use in emergencies, if pregnant, if under 18, or as a substitute for a doctor’s advice or diagnosis. Learn more

Possible Causes for Chorioretinal Fold

Alagille Syndrome

Alagille syndrome (AS), also known as arteriohepatic dysplasia, is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder associated with abnormalities of the liver, heart, skeleton, eye, kidneys and a characteristic facial appearance. Patients suffering from Alagille Syndrome present with the following main clinical abnormalities:[…] [symptoma.com]

Retinal Degeneration-Nanophthalmos-Glaucoma Syndrome

Chorioretinal folds and CME were present on fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT). [djo.harvard.edu]

CONCLUSION A distinctive yellow macular pigmentation with associated chorioretinal folds and crowded optic discs is present in nanophthalmos. [bjo.bmj.com]

Other relatively frequent ocular abnormalities observed in microphthalmos/posterior microphthalmos are absence of the capillary-free zone, retinal striae, chorioretinal folds [egms.de]

Choroid Disease

chorioretinal folds are quite characteristic when observed. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

(Also known as/Synonyms) Chorioretinal Folds Retina-Choroidal Folds What is Choroidal Folds? [dovemed.com]

Congenital choroidal folds Diffuse chorioretinal lesion Hypertensive choroidopathy Idiopathic choroid folds Idiopathic choroidal folds Macular areolar choroidal atrophy Multiple [icd9data.com]

Microcephaly - Chorioretinopathy - Lymphedema - Mental Retardation

Young ID et al. (1987) Microcephaly, microphthalmos, and retinal folds: report of a family. 20. [moldiag.com]

The brother has falciform retinal folds in both eyes (patient 10) (A, B) whereas the sister has slightly attenuated retinal vessels and patches of chorioretinal dysplasia [iovs.arvojournals.org]

An autosomal dominant syndrome. 57 Tenconi R...Baccichetti C 7333029 1981 28 Microcephaly, microphthalmia, falciform retinal folds, and blindness. [malacards.org]

Autosomal Recessive Microcephaly with Chorioretinopathy Type 1

[…] dysplasia Microphthalmia Nystagmus Optic disc pallor Retinal detachment Retinal dystrophy Retinal fold Visual impairment Abnormality of the integument Abnormality of skin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Synonyms CDMMR Syndrome; Microcephaly with Chorioretinopathy; Microcephaly, Lymphedema, Chorioretinal Dysplasia Syndrome; MLCRD Syndrome; Lymphedema, Microcephaly, Chorioretinopathy [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

[from NCI] Show allHide all Abnormality of head or neck Microcephaly Sloping forehead Abnormality of the eye Abnormality of retinal pigmentation Cataract (disease) Chorioretinal [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Autosomal Dominant Microcephaly with Chorioretinopathy

Acronym MCLMR Synonyms Autosomal dominant microcephaly and chorioretinopathy with or without mental retardation CDMMR syndrome Lymphedema and retinal folds with microcephaly [uniprot.org]

Young ID et al. (1987) Microcephaly, microphthalmos, and retinal folds: report of a family. 20. [moldiag.com]

The brother has falciform retinal folds in both eyes (patient 10) (A, B) whereas the sister has slightly attenuated retinal vessels and patches of chorioretinal dysplasia [iovs.arvojournals.org]

Microphthalmos

Posterior segment changes included bilateral elevated papillomacular retinal fold (13 patients, 72.2%); fine retinal folds (6 patients, 33.3%); chorioretinal folds (11 patients [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

folds, 2, 3 and uveal effusion syndrome. 6 In previous reports, some familial cases of posterior microphthalmos have been identified with autosomal recessive inheritance. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The posterior segment commonly shows reduction of capillary free zone, crowded optic disc, elevated papillomacular fold, chorioretinal folds, fine retinal folds, uveal effusion [eyewiki.aao.org]

Microphthalmia - Ankyloblepharon - Intellectual Disability Syndrome

[…] lacunae Falciform retinal fold Chorioretinal dysplasia Retinal thinning Prominent nasal tip Congenital microcephaly Retinal fold Chorioretinal atrophy Localized neuroblastoma [mendelian.co]

long eyelashes/AD/ABCC9/#239850 CEREBRAL-CEREBELLAR-COLOBOMA SYNDROME/Chorioretinal coloboma/XLR/-/300864 CEREBROOCULOFACIOSKELETAL SYNDROME/Cataracts, blepharophimosis, [eyewiki.org]

long eyelashes AD ABCC9 #239850 CEREBRAL-CEREBELLAR-COLOBOMA SYNDROME Chorioretinal coloboma XLR - 300864 CEREBROOCULOFACIOSKELETAL SYNDROME Cataracts, blepharophimosis, [eyewiki.aao.org]

Benign Concentric Annular Macular Dystrophy

folds Migranes Risk Factors for NAION (8) HTN DM Smoking Hyperlipidemia Migraine Vasculitis Chronic renal failure Dialysis Lebers Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (2) 11778 is [cram.com]

Chiasmal glioma (given “bowtie” atrophy of the nerve) Necrotizing encephalomyopathy Ddx Optic Nerve Drusen (75-86% Bilateral) (5) PXE Retinitis pigmentosa Angioid streaks Chorioretinal [cram.com]

Cherubism

Sires, Optic neuropathy and macular chorioretinal folds caused by orbital cherubism. Arch Ophthalmol, 2003. 121 (4): p. 570-3. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Carroll, A.L. and T.J. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Optic neuropathy and macular chorioretinal folds caused by orbital cherubism. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003; 121 :570–3. [ PubMed : 12695257 ] Anderson DE, McClendon JL. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma

The patient in this case had unilateral oblique chorioretinal folds. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

Folds. [researchmap.jp]

[…] bilateral and unilateral chorioretinal folds and found that, in addition to idiopathic, the most common causes of bilateral chorioretinal folds were AMD and hypotony, while [reviewofophthalmology.com]

Scleral Staphyloma

Chorioretinal folds are a rare complication of myopic staphyloma. [medscape.com]

[…] toward the steeper edge of the staphyloma results in the development of chorioretinal folds.[4] The visualization of posterior staphylomas has improved with the development [medscape.com]

In one study, 1.3% of myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma were found to have chorioretinal folds.[4] In highly myopic eyes, the choroid is thinner, and the directional force [medscape.com]

Orbital Burkitt's Lymphoma

There was no evidence of chorioretinal folds, optic nerve oedema, or pallor. [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

Scarring in Glaucoma Filtration Surgical Procedures

Autologous blood injection into the bleb has also been studied as a mechanism to decrease bleb filtration. [7] Chorioretinal Folds Secondary to Hypotony Maculopathy from an [eyewiki.aao.org]

[…] hemorrhage Hypotony maculopathy Chorioretinal folds According to Spaeth, the severity of a flat anterior chamber can be classified as follows: grade I, when peripheral-iris [emedicine.medscape.com]

If this hypotony persists and leads to macular folds or choroidals, a bleb revision may be necessary. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Retinal Angioma

This shrinkage creates traction along the retinal surface, causing underlying chorioretinal folds and macular distortion.10 While this abnormality usually occurs after either [healio.com]

Oculootoradial Syndrome

Other less common ocular features are microcornea, microphthalmia, ophthalmoplegia, hypertelorism, cataracts, epicanthal folds, colobomas, and chorioretinal scars. [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]

Scleritis and Episcleritis

Bullock JD, Egbert PR: Experimental choroidal folds. Am J Ophthalmol 78: 618, 1972. Google Scholar 98. Hyavarinen L, Walsh FB: Benign chorioretinal folds. [link.springer.com]

Gass JDM: Radial chorioretinal folds. A sign of choroidal neovascularization. Arch Ophthalmol 99: 1016, 1981. PubMed Google Scholar 130. [link.springer.com]

Achalasia - Microcephaly Syndrome

[…] atrophy Retinal dysplasia Retinal fold Congenital microcephaly Prominent nasal tip Retinal thinning Chorioretinal dysplasia Falciform retinal fold Retinopathy Reduced visual [mendelian.co]

MICROCEPHALY WITH OR WITHOUT CHORIORETINOPATHY, LYMPHEDEMA, OR MENTAL RETARDATION; MCLMR Is also known as microcephaly, lymphedema, chorioretinal dysplasia syndrome, mlcrd [mendelian.co]

[…] and chorioretinopathy with or without mental retardation, autosomal dominant, cdmmr syndrome, lymphedema, microcephaly, chorioretinopathy syndrome, lymphedema and retinal folds [mendelian.co]

Congenital Cystic Eyeball

[…] degeneration, congenital 743.54 Congenital folds and cysts of posterior segment 743.55 Congenital macular changes 743.56 Other retinal changes, congenital 743.57 Specified [healthprovidersdata.com]

Multiple and combined congenital anomalies of anterior segment 743.49 Other congenital anomalies of anterior segment 743.51 Vitreous anomalies 743.52 Fundus coloboma 743.53 Chorioretinal [healthprovidersdata.com]

Kenny-Caffey Syndrome Type 1

(B) OCT showing the elevated chorioretinal fold of normal thickness with an underlying empty vaulted area. measuring 10 mm in horizontal diameter. [kundoc.com]

(A) Fundus image of the left swollen optic disk with indistinct margins and the macular fold extending temporally. [kundoc.com]

(B) Optical coherence tomography (OCT ) illustrating the chorioretinal elevation in the central macular region with an underlying empty vaulted space. an empty, vaulted space [kundoc.com]

Acrootoocular Syndrome

Other less common ocular features are microcornea, microphthalmia, ophthalmoplegia, hypertelorism, cataracts, epicanthal folds, colobomas, and chorioretinal scars. [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]

Retinal vascular and pigmentary changes, with macular pigment clumping, speckling and chorioretinal folds can occur [ 70 ]. [entokey.com]

long eyelashes/AD/ABCC9/#239850 CEREBRAL-CEREBELLAR-COLOBOMA SYNDROME/Chorioretinal coloboma/XLR/-/300864 CEREBROOCULOFACIOSKELETAL SYNDROME/Cataracts, blepharophimosis, [eyewiki.org]

Cerulean Cataract

Asteroid Hyalosis

Folds in Hypotony Chapter 16.6 Isolated Serous Macular Detachment Part 4: Vaso-occlusive Disorders Section 17: Diabetic Retinopathy Chapter 17.1 Diabetic Macular Edema Chapter [libreriacortinamilano.it]

Macula Chapter 16.1 Angioid Streaks Chapter 16.2 X-linked Juvenile Retinoschisis Chapter 16.3 Oculocutaneous Albinism Chapter 16.4 Subretinal Perflourocarbon Chapter 16.5 Chorioretinal [libreriacortinamilano.it]

Uveitis

METHODS: We report one case of a 73-year-old woman with posterior uveal effusion syndrome who developed bilateral chorioretinal folds, treated as uveitis, who did not resolve [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Orbital Lymphoma

There was no evidence of chorioretinal folds, optic nerve oedema, or pallor. [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma

Except for the cup/disc ratio of 0.4 RE and 0.5 LE the fundi were normal, especially with no signs of chorioretinal folds. [jmedtropics.org]

Contusion of Eye and Adnexa

[…] degeneration, congenital 743.54 Congential folds and cysts of posterior segment 743.55 Congenital macular changes 743.56 Other retinal changes, congenital 743.57 Specified [oxhp.com]

Rheumatoid Arthritis 714.30-714.33 Juvenile chronic polyarthritis 743.5 Congential anomalies of posterior segment 743.51 Vitreous anomalies 743.52 Fundus coloboma 743.53 Chorioretinal [oxhp.com]

Cataract - Microcornea Syndrome

[…] resembles torpedo maculopathy, abnormalities of the optic nerve (hypoplasia and severe cupping of the optic disk), microcornea, microphthalmia, falciform folds, pigmentary [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

long eyelashes AD ABCC9 #239850 CEREBRAL-CEREBELLAR-COLOBOMA SYNDROME Chorioretinal coloboma XLR - 300864 CEREBROOCULOFACIOSKELETAL SYNDROME Cataracts, blepharophimosis, [eyewiki.aao.org]

long eyelashes/AD/ABCC9/#239850 CEREBRAL-CEREBELLAR-COLOBOMA SYNDROME/Chorioretinal coloboma/XLR/-/300864 CEREBROOCULOFACIOSKELETAL SYNDROME/Cataracts, blepharophimosis, [eyewiki.org]

Vitreoretinochoroidopathy

Coloboma of Eyelid

[…] dystrophy-myopia syndrome Epiblepharon Epicanthal fold Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy Epithelial recurrent erosion dystrophy Euryblepharon Excretory apparatus of [se-atlas.de]

[…] dyskeratosis-palmoplantar hyperkeratosis-laryngeal dyskeratosis syndrome Corneodermatoosseous syndrome Cryptophthalmia Dermochondrocorneal dystrophy EDICT syndrome Ectopia lentis-chorioretinal [se-atlas.de]