Cigarette-smoking: Causes & Reasons

2.1

Warning: Do not use in emergencies, if pregnant, if under 18, or as a substitute for a doctor’s advice or diagnosis. Learn more

Possible Causes for cigarette smoking

Bronchitis

The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is cigarette smoking. [mayoclinic.com]

Prevention To reduce your risk of bronchitis, follow these tips: Avoid cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke increases your risk of chronic bronchitis. Get vaccinated. [mayoclinic.com]

Risk factors Factors that increase your risk of bronchitis include: Cigarette smoke. [mayoclinic.com]

Acute Bronchitis

The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is cigarette smoking. [mayoclinic.com]

Prevention To reduce your risk of bronchitis, follow these tips: Avoid cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke increases your risk of chronic bronchitis. Get vaccinated. [mayoclinic.com]

Risk factors Factors that increase your risk of bronchitis include: Cigarette smoke. [mayoclinic.com]

Upper Respiratory Infection

Cigarette smoking can substantially increase the risk for upper respiratory infection in young men. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cigarette smoking can substantially increase the risk for upper respiratory infection in young men. FULL TEXT [annals.org]

Preventive steps include: avoiding cigarette smoke avoiding crowded and enclosed spaces avoiding sharing drinking glasses and utensils cleaning and disinfecting areas that [medicalnewstoday.com]

Malignant Neoplasm of the Lung

Smoking Cigarette smoking is the number one risk factor for lung cancer. In the United States, cigarette smoking is linked to about 80% to 90% of lung cancer deaths. [cdc.gov]

Cigar and pipe smoking increases the risk of lung cancer but not as much as smoking cigarettes. About 90% of lung cancers arise due to tobacco use. [emedicinehealth.com]

Unrelated to cigarette smoking, carcinoid tumors can metastasize, and a small proportion of these tumors secrete hormone-like substances. [webmd.com]

Sinusitis

Avoid cigarette smoke and polluted air. Tobacco smoke and air contaminants can irritate and inflame your lungs and nasal passages. Use a humidifier. [mayoclinic.com]

On epidemiologic grounds, some association has been found between CRS prevalence and air pollution, active cigarette smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, perennial allergic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

smoke). [rxlist.com]

Pulmonary Emphysema

COPD is caused by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke and/or other environmental pollutants that are believed to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that gradually disrupt [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We examined the role of TLR4 in regulating cigarette smoke (CS)-induced autophagy, apoptosis, and emphysema. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

METHODS: Cigarette smoke extract in vitro and elastase or cigarette smoke exposure in vivo were used to model smoke-related cell stress and airspace enlargement. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Recent years have seen an explosion of animal models of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Remarkably little information is available about the biochemical and molecular changes induced by cigarette smoke in animal models. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

smoke-induced chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). [oadoi.org]

Tonsillitis

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and cigarette smoking. Most infections are caused by viruses. [lluh.org]

Causes of throat infections include: Viruses (most common) Bacteria (such as strep) Fungal infections Parasitic infections Cigarette smoke Other causes What are the symptoms [hopkinsmedicine.org]

There are many causes for infections in the throat, including viruses, bacteria, fungal and parasitic infections and cigarette smoke. [childrenshospital.org]

Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and cigarette smoking. Most infections are caused by viruses. [massgeneral.org]

Causes of throat infections include: Viruses (most common) Bacteria such as strep Fungal infections Parasitic infections Cigarette smoke Other causes What are the symptoms [massgeneral.org]

Chronic Laryngitis

National Smoking Prevalence Survey conducted by Korean Association of Smoking and Health provided earlier prevalence data, which reported adult cigarette smoking prevalence [journals.plos.org]

More often, the specialist sees that the vocal cords have been irritated by cigarette smoke, stomach acid or something in the air the person breathes. [askdoctork.com]

smoke and such. [ic.steadyhealth.com]

Raynaud Syndrome

The risk factors for developing the disorder include: Existing connective tissue or autoimmune disease Cigarette smoking Alcohol use Helicobacter pylori infection, a bacterium [ucdmc.ucdavis.edu]

Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma

Whether DNA damage caused by cigarette smoke leads to repair or apoptosis has not been fully elucidated. [doi.org]

The association of age at smoking initiation and former cigarette smoking was similar across types, while the association of smoking duration differed. [doi.org]

"Cigarette smoke extract induces DNA damage but not apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells". Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. [en.wikipedia.org]

Chronic Bronchitis

BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking causes Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), the 3rd leading cause of death in the U.S. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract Cigarette smoking causes acquired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction and is associated with delayed mucociliary clearance and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

METHODS: Acute cigarette-smoke-induced airway inflammation was studied in wild-type and Frizzled-8-deficient mice. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Otitis Media

The relation of infant feeding practices, cigarette smoke exposure, and group child care to the onset and duration of otitis media with effusion (OME) was evaluated in a cohort [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The following can cause swelling of the Eustachian tube lining that leads to increased fluid: Allergies Irritants (especially cigarette smoke) Respiratory infections The following [web.archive.org]

The following can cause swelling of the Eustachian tube lining that leads to increased fluid: Allergies Irritants (particularly cigarette smoke) Respiratory infections The [medlineplus.gov]

Hay Fever

Second-hand smoke: Exposure to cigarette smoke during the early years of life increases the risk of hay fever. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Severe hay fever can also make the mucous membranes of the nose more sensitive to other irritants, such as cigarette smoke or dry air. This can lead to sinusitis. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Irritants that can lead to symptoms of hay fever are cigarette smoke, perfumes, and diesel exhaust fumes. Risk factors Some factors increase the risk of hay fever. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Acute Sinusitis

smoke, pollution or chemical fumes Swimming or diving Close Certain medical conditions such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or immune disorders [nativeremedies.com]

smoke. [top10homeremedies.com]

smoke) Complications The complications that arise from acute sinusitis are: Asthma flare-ups: an asthma attack can be a result from acute sinusitis. [humanitas.net]

Bronchial Asthma

smoking. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cigarette smoking and SHS in asthmatics lead to detrimental effects in patient outcomes and effectiveness of steroid therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cigarette smoking also increases the clearance of drugs such as theophylline by induction of metabolizing enzymes. [doi.org]

Malignant Neoplasm of the Urinary Bladder

Nawrot, An Epidemiological Appraisal of Smoking‐Related Outcomes, Cigarette Smoke Toxicity, (93-120), (2011). [doi.org]

Cigarette smoking and use of permanent hair dye contribute substantially to current arylamine exposure. [jnci.oxfordjournals.org]

In Europe, approximately half of urinary tract cancer cases among males and one‐third of cases among females might be attributable to cigarette smoking. [doi.org]

Acute Laryngitis

Other causes can include allergies, a bacterial or fungal infection, inhaling irritants (such as cigarette smoke), or acid reflux. [prevention.com]

Somebody smoking or being exposed to cigarette smoke may have laryngitis. Depending on the severity of infection, there may be just change in voice or hoarseness. [newtimes.co.rw]

smoke or certain aerosolized drugs) can cause acute or chronic laryngitis. [merckmanuals.com]

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

All histologic types of lung cancer were significantly associated with cigarette smoking. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, regardless of histological subtype the risk of all bronchogenic carcinomas profoundly increases with cigarette smoking. [pathwaymedicine.org]

This meta-analyses of peer-reviewed studies was conducted to assess the effect of cigarette smoking on major histologic types of lung cancer. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

The great majority of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is attributed to cigarette smoking, which fortunately is declining alongside cancer incidence. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Separately, immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells were cultured in 7 groups: untreated control, ethanol-treated, and cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-exposed for 10 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The association of age at smoking initiation and former cigarette smoking was similar across types, while the association of smoking duration differed. [doi.org]

Abruptio Placentae

There was also evidence of interaction between chronic hypertension and cigarette smoking. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] relation between the number of cigarettes smoked and risk of abruption. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract We investigated the importance of maternal hypertension and cigarette smoking, and their interaction, as risk factors for abruptio placentae, using Massachusetts [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bronchial Adenocarcinoma

Asbestos exposure, cigarette smoking and death rates. [mesotheliomacenter.org]

Cigarette smoking Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, accounting for about 85% of lung cancers. [pathophys.org]

However, regardless of histological subtype the risk of all bronchogenic carcinomas profoundly increases with cigarette smoking. [pathwaymedicine.org]

Angina Pectoris

Cigarette smoking increased MSNA in smokers with impaired baroreflex function. [doi.org]

Other triggers include emotional stress, extreme cold and heat, heavy meals, excessive alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking. [lakelandhealth.org]

We tested the hypothesis that cigarette smoking increases MSNA in smokers with impaired baroreflex function. [doi.org]

Vaginitis

Risk factors that seem to increase the likelihood of bacterial vaginosis include a history of multiple sex partners, a sexual relationship with a new partner, cigarette smoking [health.harvard.edu]

Some of the known risk factors for bacterial vaginosis include cigarette smoking, multiple sex partners, douching, and using IUDs for contraception. [rxlist.com]

Raynaud Disease

Cigarette smoking contains nicotine, which is known to cause vasospasm. [podiatrynetwork.com]

The condition is aggravated my smoking. [ahni.com]

The risk factors for developing the disorder include: Existing connective tissue or autoimmune disease Cigarette smoking Alcohol use Helicobacter pylori infection, a bacterium [ucdmc.ucdavis.edu]

Carcinoma of the Lung

However, asbestos is a contributory factor in a small fraction of lung cancers, the vast majority of which are related to cigarette smoking. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

About 85% of cases are related to cigarette smoking. [merckmanuals.com]

The combination of asbestos exposure plus cigarette smoking is particularly harmful. [myvmc.com]

Arteriosclerosis

From a nationwide twin panel, identical twin pairs with highest discordance in cigarette smoking were selected for a study of arteriosclerosis (49 pairs with a mean age of [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Physicians also may recommend treatments to help people control high blood pressure, quit cigarette smoking, and reduce cholesterol levels, all of which are risk factors for [ninds.nih.gov]

Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis Causes of/Risk Factors for Arteriosclerosis/Atherosclerosis Strong risk factors are: Cigarette smoking: Smoking doubles the risk of heart [holisticonline.com]

Duodenal Ulcer

Do not smoke. Cigarette smoking increases the chances of getting an ulcer. [wnyurology.com]

Risk Factors Factors that may increase the chances of a duodenal ulcer: H. pylori infection Taking NSAIDs for a long time and at higher doses Prior peptic ulcer disease Cigarette [winchesterhospital.org]

Do not smoke. Cigarette smoking increases the chances of getting an ulcer. References: Fashner J, Gitu AC. [wnyurology.com]

Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia

To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of cigarette smoke-related DIP reported in a child. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This study provides additional evidence that PLCH, RB, and DIP form a spectrum of interstitial patterns of lung injury to cigarette smoke. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 20-year-old man with a 15 pack-year history of cigarette smoking had a tattoo outlined on his back with blue pigment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]