Cold-Induced Muscle Cramps & Pendular Nystagmus: Causes & Reasons

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Patient File

Sex unknown, Age unknown

Reported Symptoms

Cold-Induced Muscle Cramps, Pendular Nystagmus,

Negated

None

Unsure

None

Possible Causes

Acute Cerebellar Ataxia

Nystagmus, skew deviation, disconjugate saccades, and altered ocular pursuit can be present. [ajnr.org]

[…] dysfunction with exercise intolerance, cramps and acute painful rhabdomyolysis or myoglobinuria (with or without myalgia) induced by fever, fasting or prolonged exercise, [neuroweb.us]

[…] unsteady gait, errors of extremity trajectory or placement, errors in motor sequence or rhythm and/or by dysarthria. 1 Tone is usually decreased and stretch reflexes may be “pendular [ajnr.org]

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Alcoholic Cerebellar Degeneration

[…] dysfunction with exercise intolerance, cramps and acute painful rhabdomyolysis or myoglobinuria (with or without myalgia) induced by fever, fasting or prolonged exercise, [neuroweb.us]

[…] valproate therapy, cold exposure (carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency or (3) both (LCAD, VLCAD, short-chain L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (SCHAD), and [neuroweb.us]

[…] acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD, VLCAD), and trifunctional enzyme deficiencies) or (2) normal muscle strength between attacks with episodes of acute, recurrent, reversible muscle [neuroweb.us]

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Subacute Cerebellar Degeneration

Nystagmus, skew deviation, disconjugate saccades, and altered ocular pursuit can be present. [ajnr.org]

[…] dysfunction with exercise intolerance, cramps and acute painful rhabdomyolysis or myoglobinuria (with or without myalgia) induced by fever, fasting or prolonged exercise, [neuroweb.us]

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Cerebellar Infarction

Midbrain/Thalamic hemorrahages Movie of mixed jerk torsion and shimmering pendular (9 meg) Midbrain hemorrhages can cause very devastating nystagmus, often with twisting eye [dizziness-and-balance.com]

In the patient whose images are shown above, there is a very rapid but small amplitude horizontal nystagmus, apparently pendular, not always present, superimposed on a constantly [dizziness-and-balance.com]

[…] present nystagmus with fast phases going up and twisting to the right side. [dizziness-and-balance.com]

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Hereditary Nystagmus

Nystagmus may also be pendular or, when vision is very poor, of a searching type. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

SPONTANEOUS NYSTAGMUS Vestibular imbalance nystagmus Acquired pendular nystagmus Horizontal Vertical See-saw Congenital Nystagmus Latent nystagmus (LN) Pendular type Jerk [tchain.com]

Identifier 163-9-4 Title Familial Nystagmus Ocular Movements Congenital Nystagmus; Horizontal Pendular Nystagmus; Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome; Familial Congenital Nystagmus [collections.lib.utah.edu]

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Cerebellar Hemorrhage

Three patients with remote cerebellar hemorrhage following supratentorial cerebrovascular surgery are presented. Remote cerebellar hemorrhage is a rare surgical complication that is most often associated with aneurysm clipping or temporal lobectomies. Bleeding occurs on the superior cerebellar cortex and is[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Nystagmus

Pendular nystagmus of Spasmus Nutans. Nystagmus of the Blind (follow link). Vertical Pendular Nystagmus Pontine hemorrhage Oculopalatal myoclonus. [dizziness-and-balance.com]

Pendular Nystagmus; Acquired Pendular Nystagmus; Left Beat Nystagmus Creator John R. [content.lib.utah.edu]

Jerk nystagmus is more common than pendular nystagmus. (See "Jerk nystagmus" and "Pendular nystagmus" .) [uptodate.com]

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Spasmus Nutans

Ocular motility recordings revealed an unusual latent/manifest latent nystagmus, pendular nystagmus with characteristics of an acquired nystagmus, and uniocular saccades. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pendular nystagmus of Spasmus Nutans. Nystagmus of the Blind (follow link). Vertical Pendular Nystagmus Pontine hemorrhage Oculopalatal myoclonus. [dizziness-and-balance.com]

Rhythmic head movements and fine, intermittent, asymmetric, disconjugate, high-frequency, out-of-phase pendular nystagmus were recorded. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Neurologic Manifestation of Whipple Disease

It differs from other forms of pendular nystagmus in that it is smooth and continuous with a high amplitude and slow frequency. [eyewiki.aao.org]

It is characterized by smooth, continuous, slow (1-3 Hz), pendular, convergent-divergent nystagmus, concurrent contractions of the masticatory muscles, supranuclear vertical [eyewiki.aao.org]

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Cerebellar Neoplasm

This study describes three cases of neuroectodermal cerebellar neoplasms occurring in adults, characterized by a monomorphic population of round cells with scanty cytoplasm and focal areas of lipid accumulation. Astrocytic and neuronal differentiation was confirmed in these cells by glial fibrillary acidic protein and[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Parenchymatous Cortical Cerebellar Degeneration

Encephalopathy in Hyperthermia 134 Arsenical Encephalopathy 136 Anoxic 148 Central Pontine Myelinolysis 158 Infarcts with Arterial Thrombosis 160 Infarcts with Cerebral Embolism 164 Aseptic 166 Embolism Following Cardiac Surgery 166 Thromboembolism Associated with Carci 178 Giant Cell Arteritis 178 Disseminated Lupus[…] [books.google.de]

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Friedreich Ataxia

irregular eye movement calibration, spontaneous rebound nystagmus, bi- and multi-directional semi-spontaneous nystagmus, abolition of optokinetic nystagmus, pendular tracking [scielo.br]

[…] using pendular tracking, checking for pre- and post-rotatory plus pre- and post-caloric optokinetic nystagmus. [scielo.br]

[…] type IV nystagmus, hyporeflexia, absence of inhibitory effect of eye fixation, and Aubry signs in the Barany test. [scielo.br]

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Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma

A 38-year-old woman with known von Hippel-Lindau syndrome underwent In-111 pentetreotide (OctreoScan) scintigraphy to evaluate a suspected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. The patient had undergone surgical resection of a left adrenal pheochromocytoma and a large right cerebellar hemangioblastoma several years[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Cerebellar Mass Lesion

Nystagmus, pendular Short term memory loss Slow speech Staggering Gait Tic syndrome in a child Habit spasm Tremor Tremor,coarse Unable to tandem walk/straight line Vertigo [howmed.net]

[…] position change Headache worse with position change Headache worse with valsalva/Bowel movement Headache/worsened by movement Lethargy/torpor Limb Ataxia Memory Loss in Elderly Nystagmus [howmed.net]

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Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy

Visual signs, including strabismus, pendular nystagmus, uncoordinated eye movements, optic atrophy and failing vision are generally early and prominent. [orpha.net]

Visual signs include strabismus, pendular nystagmus, uncoordinated eye movement, optic atrophy and failing vision. Seizure episodes may be seen. [symptoma.com]

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Dandy-Walker Syndrome

Malformations of the central nervous system are the second most common congenital anomalies, the highest being congenital heart disease. With the advent of routine obstetric ultrasounds and anomaly scans the diagnosis are made in the antenatal period. Dandy-Walker syndrome is are complex developmental anomaly of[…] [symptoma.com]

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Central Positional Vertigo

This also explains the presence of pendular nystagmus in congenital blindness. [teddybrain.wordpress.com]

Acquired Pendular Nystagmus Unlike congenital pendular nystagmus, acquired pendular nystagmus often entails slow-phase eye movements in horizontal, vertical, and torsional [eyewiki.aao.org]

Congenital pendular nystagmus is usually horizontal in direction. [jnnp.bmj.com]

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Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a dominantly inherited progressive neurological disorder characterized by neuronal degeneration and reactive gliosis in the cerebellum, brainstem, spinocerebellar tracts, and dorsal columns. Multiple system atrophy is a sporadic progressive neurological disorder with degeneration[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Dysequilibrium Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Dysequilibrium syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous condition that combines autosomal recessive, nonprogressive cerebellar ataxia with mental retardation. The condition has been classified into cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation and disequilibrium syndrome types 1 (CAMRQ1), 2 (CAMRQ2) and 3 (CAMRQ3)[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Foveal Retinoschisis

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed in two cases of bilateral X linked foveal retinoschisis of different age groups. On fundus examination spoke wheel and honeycomb pattern of cysts were observed along with retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defects. On SD-OCT, schisis was observed[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Familial Infantile Bilateral Striatal Necrosis

Untreated children showed signs of developmental arrest with onset at age 7 to 15 months, choreoathetosis and dysphagia, and a later onset of pendular nystagmus. [pediatricneurologybriefs.com]

Pendular nystagmus appeared at a late stage. MRI, performed at various stages of the disease, showed severe basal ganglia atrophy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Kearns-Sayre Syndrome

Kearns Sayre syndrome belongs to a group of mitochondrial DNA deletion syndromes, together with pearson syndrome and progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). An onset of progressive ophthalmoplegia and pigmentary retinopathy before the age of 20, accompanied by cardiac and central nervous system[…] [symptoma.com]

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Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis

Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare clinical condition characterized by a combination of horizontal gaze palsy, pendular nystagmus and scoliosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Familial paralysis of horizontal gaze: associated with pendular nystagmus, progressive scoliosis, and facial contraction with myokymia. [ajnr.org]

Associated with pendular nystagmus, progressive scoliosis, and facial contraction with myokymia. Neurology 25, 1035-40. (1975). Granat, M., Friedman, Z. & Aloni, T. [childrenshospital.org]

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Achromatopsia

It is usually an autosomal-recessive disease and is characterized by pendular nystagmus, poor visual acuity, lack of color vision, and marked photophobia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Her younger brother was diagnosed with complete ACHM and was not able to hold fixation, had severe pendular nystagmus, visual acuity that ranged from 0.08 to 0.1, and severe [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Clinical description ACHM is characterized by reduced visual acuity, pendular nystagmus, increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), a small central scotoma, and reduced [orpha.net]

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Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease

Magnetic search-coil oculography of three brothers with clinically diagnosed Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease disclosed the presence of binocular elliptical pendular nystagmus [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a rare dysmyelinating disorder characterised by early pendular nystagmus, often rotatory and muscular hypotonia with subsequent ataxia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The former had spontaneous vertical pendular nystagmus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Malnutrition

There are two basic types of nystagmus including optokinetic (also known as pendular nystagmus) and vestibular (also known as jerk nystagmus). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Full article Kang S, and Shaikh AG Acquired pendular nystagmus J Neurol Sci. 2017 Apr 15; 375: 8–17. [mstrust.org.uk]

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Ocular Albinism

Video Horizontal Pendular Nystagmus. (00:21) A 32-year-old Hispanic woman with ocular albinism presented with a congenital horizontal pendular nystagmus (see video ). [nejm.org]

Common ocular manifestations accompanying XLOA comprise foveal hypoplasia, pendular nystagmus, reduced visual acuity and strabismus. [symptoma.com]

When there is macular involvement, the eye constantly searches for a clear image, causing the pendular nystagmus. [nejm.org]

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Cerebellar Ataxia with Peripheral Neuropathy Type 2

Nystagmus, skew deviation, disconjugate saccades, and altered ocular pursuit can be present. [ajnr.org]

[…] dysfunction with exercise intolerance, cramps and acute painful rhabdomyolysis or myoglobinuria (with or without myalgia) induced by fever, fasting or prolonged exercise, [neuroweb.us]

In this stage we evaluated occurrence, direction, inhibitory effect of ocular fixation (IEOF) and the maximum SCV value of the nystagmus. • Study of pendular tracking for [tinnitusjournal.com]

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Intrapontine Hemorrhage

Horizontal pendular nystagmus emerged 7.4 months after the hemorrhage, primarily in the left eye. [burke.weill.cornell.edu]

This patient also did not develop pendular nystagmus [ 4 ], which is another common manifestation. [omicsonline.org]

In addition, the emergence of vertical pendular nystagmus was identified in the subject at 4 months. [burke.weill.cornell.edu]

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Sorsby Syndrome

nystagmus and severe visual loss, and brachydactyly type B (see these terms). [monarchinitiative.org]

Vision is, of course, severely reduced (20/200) and horizontal or pendular nystagmus is a feature in some cases. [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]

Pendular and horizontal nystagmus, head turn, strabismus AD, AR, X-linked Numerous Multiple CONGENITAL STATIONARY NIGHT BLINDNESS Night blindness, myopia AD, AR, X-linked [eyewiki.aao.org]

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