Congophilic Staining: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Congophilic Staining

Amyloidosis refers to a group of diseases resulting from abnormal deposition of amyloids in various tissues. In patients with amyloidosis, symptoms presented are as a result of the abnormality in the function of the particular organs involved. Some of the organs that can be affected include the heart, kidney, liver,[…] [symptoma.com]

Myofibrillar Myopathy Type 3

Distal myopathies comprise a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders that present with weakness of the distal muscles of the hands, feet, or both.1 The term distal myopathy is usually reserved for genetic disorders, although weakness of distal muscles is sometimes prominent in the acquired muscle diseases.2 In[…] [practicalneurology.com]

Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Deficiency

Referencias 1. Bousfiha A, Jeddane L, Picard C, Al-Herz W, Ailal F, Chatila T, et al. Human inborn errors of immunity: 2019 update of the IUIS phenotypical classification. J Clin Immunol. 2020;40(1):66-81. DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00758-x [ Links ] 2. McCusker C, Upton J, Warrington R. Primary immunodeficiency. Allergy Asthma[…] [scielo.org.mx]

Fatal Neonatal Radiculoneuropathy

It is also critical to ensure the accuracy of congophilic staining by comparison with positive and negative control tissue from the same laboratory. [neurology.mhmedical.com]

If the sural nerve is severely depopulated of nerve fibers, the amount of congophilic staining and the characteristic amyloid birefringence may be meager and yield a spuriously [neurology.mhmedical.com]

ADan Amyloidosis

In particular, they are congophilic (stained with Congo red), they fluorescent following staining with thioflavin S and they are composed of fibrils which are visible under [neurologia.com.pl]

Myeloma-Associated Amyloidosis

[…] silver methenamine stained sections (b) and are blue with Masson's trichrome stain (c) Periphery of the casts is congophilic (d) and shows greenish birefringence when viewed [ijpmonline.org]

[…] and blue with Masson's' trichrome stain [Figure 1] a-d. [ijpmonline.org]

Many of the tubular casts showed a unique morphology with a central paler area or nidus and "spiculated" periphery, which was periodic acid-Schiff positive, argyrophilic, congophilic [ijpmonline.org]

Sarcotubular Myopathy

Congo red stained sections viewed underrhodamine optics revealed no congophilic deposits. [documents.tips]

Abnormal hyaline structures are congophilic and contain many degraded proteins. Oxidative enzymes and ATPase activity is absent in the areas containing inclusions. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Light microscopy: Trichrome-stained tissue shows single or multiple areas of blue-red amorphous material described as hyaline structures, cytoplasmic bodies, or inclusions [emedicine.medscape.com]

Multiple Myeloma

Microscopic examination of the gastric mass revealed amorphous deposits that were congophilic in nature and stained positive with Alcian blue. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Some authors associate weak Congo red staining of the fibrils with delayed disease onset and associate a strong affinity to Congo red with early presentation of the disease [cjasn.asnjournals.org]

Of note, in elderly Swedish patients with SSA (WT-TTR), postmortem analysis revealed minimal congophilic material in the renal cortex, although, as previously mentioned, SSA [cjasn.asnjournals.org]

Ampulla of Vater Obstruction Syndrome

Ampullary biopsy with kappa light chain immunohistochemistry staining revealing infiltration with a congophilic material of apple-green birefringence consistent with amyloid [acgcasereports.gi.org]

Myofibrillar Myopathy Type 4

Congo red staining viewed through Texas-red filters shows numerous congophilic fluorescent deposits in muscle fibers. e. [actaneurocomms.biomedcentral.com]

These pleomorphic regions were occasionally congophilic on Congo red staining appearing bright red visualized through Texas red fluorescent filters (Fig. 3b ). [actaneurocomms.biomedcentral.com]

Alpha-Heavy Chain Disease

[…] the non-Congophilic deposits. [cjasn.asnjournals.org]

When the biopsy stains for a single HC isotype and does not stain for LC isotypes, the diagnosis of HCDD should be suspected. [cjasn.asnjournals.org]

[…] immunohistologic analysis of tissue from an affected organ, in most cases the kidney, using a panel of Ig chain-specific antibodies, including anti-κ and anti-λ LC antibodies to stain [cjasn.asnjournals.org]

Fibronectin Glomerulopathy

Figure 1: Spicules of argyrophilic material projecting from capillary walls (arrows), PAMS stain. The Congo-red stain reveals orange congophilic material (Figure 2 A). [uninet.edu]

Hereditary Corneal Dystrophy

These are poorly visualized with routine hematoxylin-eosin staining; however, the lesions are congophilic and revealed as distinct amyloid deposits with Congo red staining [entokey.com]

Chronic Nephritic Syndrome with Dense Deposit Disease

Figure 1: Spicules of argyrophilic material projecting from capillary walls (arrows), PAMS stain. The Congo-red stain reveals orange congophilic material (Figure 2 A). [uninet.edu]

Lattice Corneal Dystrophy Type 1

These are poorly visualized with routine hematoxylin-eosin staining; however, the lesions are congophilic and revealed as distinct amyloid deposits with Congo red staining [entokey.com]

Heavy Chain Disease

[…] the non-Congophilic deposits. [cjasn.asnjournals.org]

When the biopsy stains for a single HC isotype and does not stain for LC isotypes, the diagnosis of HCDD should be suspected. [cjasn.asnjournals.org]

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

Grade 0 CAA denotes the absence of congophilic staining in vessels, grade 1 (Figure, panel A) the presence of some congophilic staining in an otherwise normal-appearing vessel [stroke.ahajournals.org]

Congo red stain and beta-amyloid immunohistochemical stains displayed multiple congophilic and beta-amyloid-reactive blood vessels (fig. 2 ) as well as neuritic plaques. [karger.com]

[…] of a special stain called Congo red. [en.wikipedia.org]

Hereditary Proximal Myopathy with Early Respiratory Failure

Variably contain: β amyloid, desmin, SMI-31 binding Cytoplasmic bodies (95%) Stain for F-actin (Phalloidin) "Necklace" pattern in muscle fibers 38 Muscle fiber splitting: [neuromuscular.wustl.edu]

Myofibrillar pathology : Cytoplasmic aggregates Contain: Actin ; Desmin In type I muscle fibers Myofibrillar pathology Not typical Cytoplasmic bodies Eosinophilic inclusions Congophilic [neuromuscular.wustl.edu]

Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease

The oval or rod-shaped inclusion bodies were eosinophilic, showed bright red staining with azan, and were about half the size of the nucleus of a large neuron. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

They were non argyrophilic and non congophilic. Ultrastructurally, the inclusion bodies consisted of aggregates of filamentous materials showing partial periodicity. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

IMAGE Syndrome

Brain swelling Cavernous Angioma Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Loss Congophilic Antiopathy Eosinophilic Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons Eosinophilic Neurons Fibrin Thrombus in DIC [strokecenter.org]

Acute Infarction Aneurysm H & E and trichrome stains Aneurysm of basilar artery Arteriovenous malformation Arteriovenous malformation Atheroma 1 Atheroma 2 Atheroma 3 Atherosclerosis [strokecenter.org]

Glomerulonephritis

Three glomeruli (including the two with crescents) showed small segmental mesangial accumulations of Congophilic material that stained immunohistochemically for amyloid A [academic.oup.com]

Primary Amyloidosis

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

(D) Positive result for serum amyloid A protein immunohistochemistry staining in the blood vessel wall (immunoperoxidase, ×100). [synapse.koreamed.org]

(C) The acellular material in the vessel wall showing congophilic and apple-green birefringence on polarization (Congo red, ×200). [synapse.koreamed.org]

Cerebral Neoplasm

F, Congophilic deposits have apple green birefringence (Congo red stain and polarized light, original magnification ×400). [archivesofpathology.org]

Alpha-B Crystallinopathy

Some are also congophilic but, in contrast to amyloid deposits in inclusion body myositis, they are not metachromatic with the crystal violet stain ( ). [musculoskeletalkey.com]

Abnormal hyaline structures are congophilic and contain many degraded proteins. Oxidative enzymes and ATPase activity is absent in the areas containing inclusions. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The dark areas lack mitochondria and therefore do not stain for oxidative enzymes. [musculoskeletalkey.com]

Distal Myopathy Type 3

Variably contain: β amyloid, desmin, SMI-31 binding Cytoplasmic bodies (95%) Stain for F-actin (Phalloidin) "Necklace" pattern in muscle fibers 38 Muscle fiber splitting: [neuromuscular.wustl.edu]

ABri Amyloidosis

[…] known as congophilic angiopathy, [2] is a form of angiopathy in which amyloid deposits form in the walls of the blood vessels of the central nervous system. [1] The term congophilic [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] is used because the presence of the abnormal aggregations of amyloid can be demonstrated by microscopic examination of brain tissue after application of a special stain called [en.wikipedia.org]

Myositis

The Congo red stain demonstrates congophilic material in vacuolated fibers that is likely to represent amyloid deposition. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gamma-Heavy Chain Disease

[…] the non-Congophilic deposits. [cjasn.asnjournals.org]

When the biopsy stains for a single HC isotype and does not stain for LC isotypes, the diagnosis of HCDD should be suspected. [cjasn.asnjournals.org]

Paraparesis

Congophilic angiopathy was present. There was mild patchy loss of pigmented neurons of the substantia nigra with no Lewy bodies. [academic.oup.com]

Bielschowsky silver stains of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus showed numerous NFTs, and many ‘cotton wool’ and classical neuritic plaques. [academic.oup.com]