Diffuse Encephalopathy: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Diffuse Encephalopathy

[…] di·al·y·sis en·ceph·a·lop·a·thy syn·drome a progressive, often fatal, diffuse encephalopathy occurring in a few patients on chronic hemodialysis; to be differentiated from [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Restricted diffusion may or may not be present to a varying degree, but is not characteristic of uremic encephalopathy. [radiopaedia.org]

The characterisitc MRI finding is diffuse attenuation in the cerebral white matter, and may include the brainstem and cerebellum. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Chronic Alcoholism

Its highest levels were observed in subjects with a clinically symptomatic alcohol-related encephalopathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Our results suggest that scyllo-inositol is produced within the central nervous system and shows a diffuse but heterogenous distribution in brain where it can persist several [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The cohort was composed of individuals with acute, subacute or chronic encephalopathy or without any clinical encephalopathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Heavy Metal Poisoning

24-h urine: ≥50 µg/L urine, or 100 µg/g creatinine BAL (acute, symptomatic) Succimer DMPS (Europe) Bismuth Renal failure; acute tubular necrosis Diffuse myoclonic encephalopathy [emedicine.medscape.com]

Arsenic Nausea, vomiting, "rice-water" diarrhea, encephalopathy, MODS, LoQTS, painful neuropathy Diabetes, hypopigmentation/ hyperkeratosis, cancer: lung, bladder, skin, encephalopathy [emedicine.medscape.com]

Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

Nonetheless, the clinical picture and ancillary diagnostic studies are compatible with a bilateral diffuse encephalopathy involving predominantly hippocampal and adjacent [jamanetwork.com]

Diffuse slowing, indicating encephalopathy was present in 10 patients. Demonstration of virus in the brain biopsy is 100% confirmatory test. [neurologyindia.com]

Meningitis

Diffuse oedema and white matter pallor with demyelination are found pathologically. The pathogenesis is uncertain, but is presumed to be immune mediated. [doi.org]

A rare complication of TBM is tuberculous encephalopathy. 32 Usually occurring in a young child with progressive primary TB, the presentation is of reducing conscious level [doi.org]

Lead Poisoning

Encephalopathies. Frontal lobe syndromes. Depression. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. [patient.info]

Encephalopathy - more common in children, characterised by seizures, mania, delirium and coma, death. Jaundice (due to hepatitis). Lethargy (due to haemolytic anaemia). [patient.info]

Diagnosis may be difficult in the UK where lead poisoning is a relative rarity but the condition should be on the list in patients presenting with diffuse abdominal pain. [patient.info]

Sepsis

Sepsis, life-threatening organ dysfunction in response to infection, is an alarmingly common and aggressive illness in US hospitals, especially for intensive care patients. Preventing sepsis deaths rests on the clinicians' ability to promptly recognize and treat sepsis. To aid early recognition, many organizations have[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Dehydration

Abstract Exercise-induced dehydration can lead to impaired perfusion to multiple regional tissues and organs. We propose that the impact of dehydration on regional blood flow and metabolism is dependent on the extent of the cardiovascular demand imposed by exercise, with the greatest physiological strain seen when[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Septicemia

Objective: In patients receiving inappropriate empirical antimicrobial agents, delaying of time to report positive hemoculture (TRH) may cause delay switching from inappropriate antimicrobial agents to appropriate antimicrobial agents, and thus may increase mortality. We hypothesized that the patients with septicemia[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Liver Failure

Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT) in acute liver failure acts as a bridge to native liver regeneration with potential for immunosuppression free survival. While technical concerns limit its universal acceptance, the indications in acute liver failure also need to be examined for this procedure to[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gaucher Disease

Gaucher's disease Acid beta-glucosidase Specialty Endocrinology Gaucher's disease or Gaucher disease () (GD) is a genetic disorder in which glucocerebroside (a sphingolipid, also known as glucosylceramide) accumulates in cells and certain organs. The disorder is characterized by bruising, fatigue, anemia, low blood[…] [en.wikipedia.org]

Hypoglycemic Encephalopathy

References : Diffusion MR Imaging of Hypoglycemic Encephalopathy, E.G. Kang AJNR. Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Early Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hypoglycemia, L. [neuroradiologycases.com]

It is critical to diagnose hypoglycemic encephalopathy as early as possible. MRI reveals diffuse abnormal intensity in the cortex and basal ganglia region. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

3 Case Study Reversible Diffusion Restriction is Not Always Correlated with Clinical Recovery in Hypoglycemic Encephalopathy Koçer Abdulkadir 1*, Hasirci Buse 1, Okay Münevver [sciencedomain.org]

Viral Encephalitis

Produktbeskrivelse This work assists clinicians in the diagnosis and therapy of patients with suspected viral encephalitis, from presentation to long-term outcomes. It summarizes the current position on related issues such as prevention and is organized according to principles of viral taxonomy. Designed to assist[…] [akademika.no]

Wilson Disease

Wilson disease is a genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of copper due to mutations of ceruloplasmin, which is involved in its transport and excretion. Hepatic, neurologic and psychiatric symptoms may be encountered. The diagnosis is made by biochemical studies that determine values of copper in urine[…] [symptoma.com]

Neonatal Adrenoleukodystrophy

It is characterized by seizures at birth, a diffuse encephalopathy, impaired vision and hearing, peripheral neuropathy, facial dimorphism, growth impairment and a severely [ela-asso.com]

It is characterized by hypotonia, seizures, diffuse encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy, mild facial dysmorphism (hypertelorism and a flat midface [orpha.net]

Mercury Poisoning

Abstract We describe the case of a 38-year-old woman with Guillain-Barré syndrome who was accidentally intoxicated with thimerosal, a column disinfectant containing ethyl mercury, during a protein A immunoadsorption treatment. The 1-time overdose caused by an equipment handling error led to a maximum blood serum[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy

The encephalopathy in the acute phase clinically resembles many metabolic encephalopathies: a diffuse disturbance in cerebral function with sparing of the brain stem. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Title: Deep coma and diffuse white matter abnormalities caused by sepsis-associated encephalopathy Author(s): Luitse, M.J. ; Asch, C.J. van ; Klijn, C.J. [repository.ubn.ru.nl]

INTRODUCTION: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse cerebral dysfunction induced by the immuno-inflammatory response to infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypertensive Encephalopathy

Diffusion-weighted MR findings in brain stem hypertensive encephalopathy: a possibility of cytotoxic edema? [ajnr.org]

Serial MRI including diffusion and perfusion imaging was performed in a patient with hypertensive encephalopathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We report a case of a 38-year-old man with brain stem hypertensive encephalopathy. MR imaging revealed diffuse hyperintensities in the brain stem. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Uremic Encephalopathy

• These complications include diffuse encephalopathy, seizures, stroke, movement disorders, sleep alterations, polyneuropathy, mononeuropathies, and myopathy. • Dialysis [medlink.com]

@inproceedings{Kang2012UremicEW, title={Uremic Encephalopathy with Atypical Magnetic Resonance Features on Diffusion-Weighted Images}, author={Eugene Kang and Se Jeong Jeon [semanticscholar.org]

CT or MRI findings in patients with encephalopathy are usually normal. However, diffuse or focal edema may be registered. [neurologyindia.com]

Toxic Encephalopathy

We report the 1st case of capecitabine-induced toxic encephalopathy with epilepsy-like symptoms and diffuse white matter alterations on magnetic resonance imaging. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The typical cranial CT/MR scan of DCE toxic encephalopathy shows extensive brain edema and diffuse, symmetric, abnormal signal intensities in the cerebellar dentate nucleus [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Encephalopathy is a term for any diffuse disease of the brain that alters brain function or structure. [web.archive.org]

Metabolic Encephalopathy

Abstract Secondary metabolic encephalopathy is a diffuse disorder of the brain caused by an extracerebral process. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• The anatomic basis for metabolic encephalopathy and metabolic coma relates to diffuse, bilateral cortical dysfunction. • In conscious patients with metabolic encephalopathies [medlink.com]

CT or MRI findings in patients with encephalopathy are usually normal. However, diffuse or focal edema may be registered. [neurologyindia.com]

Diffuse Encephalopathy

Within 24 hours, she became lethargic, with a diffuse encephalopathy and no focal neurologic abnormalities. CT revealed a large, nondominant thalamic infarct. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

encephalopathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

An 18-year-old woman had a clinical picture of porphyric encephalopathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Wernicke Encephalopathy

The authors report two cases of Wernicke encephalopathy with DWI signal changes in characteristic midline locations, one with reduction in apparent diffusion constant and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We report 3 cases of Wernicke encephalopathy in which MR imaging, including diffusion-weighted imaging, was performed at the onset and during follow-up. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract In a chronic alcoholic patient with progressive confusion, which was consistent with the clinical diagnosis of Wernicke encephalopathy, T2-weighted, FLAIR and diffusion [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Prognostic utility of quantitative diffusion-weighted MR images. Am J Neuroradiol 2002;23:1038-1048. XXVI. [ojs.reumatologia.org.ar]

Distinct imaging patterns and lesion distribution in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:1320-1327. XXV. [ojs.reumatologia.org.ar]

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 2011;38:1607-1611. XXVII. Shaharir S, Remli R, Marwan A, et al. [ojs.reumatologia.org.ar]

Cerebral Malaria

In addition to the severe diffuse encephalopathy, an initial neurologic examination showed signs of a pontine lesion that was confirmed by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cerebral malaria is a diffuse encephalopathy associated with seizures and status epilepticus which can occur in up to one-third of children with severe malaria, particularly [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a diffuse encephalopathy associated with coma and seizures commonly caused by Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) in children with severe malaria [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration

Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy and inferior olivary hypertrophy: lesion analysis with diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient maps. [birpublications.org]

MR imaging of metronidazole-induced encephalopathy: lesion distribution and diffusion-weighted imaging findings. [birpublications.org]

[Reversible metronidazole-induced encephalopathy and hypertrophic olivary degeneration]. J Radiol 2010;91:304–6. 10 Hornyak M,, Osborn AG,, Couldwell WT and. [birpublications.org]

Post-Interval Syndrome

Delayed encephalopathy of acute carbon monoxide intoxication: Diffusivity of cerebral white matter lesions. Am J Neuroradiol 2003;24:1592-97. Christian Tomaszewski. [japi.org]

Delayed encephalopathy of acute carbon monoxide intoxication: diffusivity of cerebral white matter lesions. [thieme-connect.com]

Delayed encephalopathy of acute carbon monoxide intoxication: diffusivity of cerebral white matter lesions. Am J Neuroradiol, 24 (2003), pp. 1592-1597 [5] J.J. Secades. [elsevier.es]

Homocystinuria without Methylmalonic Aciduria Type cblG

[symptoma.com] Other Pathologies Diffuse Encephalopathy Patients also present diffuse encephalopathy and developmental delays. HMAG patients appear normal at birth. [symptoma.com]

Patients also present diffuse encephalopathy and developmental delays. HMAG patients appear normal at birth. [symptoma.com]

Patients also present diffuse encephalopathy and developmental delays. Presentation HMAG patients appear normal at birth. [symptoma.com]

Sarcoid Meningitis

Although other authors have described psychosis and agitation in neurosarcoidosis, a rapidly deteriorating diffuse encephalopathy over hours has not been described.4 Our patient's [jamanetwork.com]

[…] initial agitation and delirium were likely caused by a combination of diffuse meningitis, pain from meningeal irritation as well as high intracranial pressure, and a toxic [jamanetwork.com]

Encephalopathy

KEYWORDS: diffusion-weighted imaging; encephalopathy; enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26; hemolytic uremic syndrome; magnetic resonance imaging; methylprednisolone pulse [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

*Frontal dominance (FIRDA) --non specific ,diffuse encephalopathy, if focal ? [slideshare.net]

Definition Encephalopathy is a term for any diffuse disease of the brain that alters brain function or structure. [ninds.nih.gov]