Drusen: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Drusen

Geographic Atrophy

Stages of AMD from the AREDS Study Category Drusen Other Features Grade 1 – No AMD 5-15 small drusen (<63 microns) No real pigment changes Grade 2 – Early AMD Several small [reviewofoptometry.com]

Discuss how optometrists diagnose AMD and GA: what is the relationship between drusen and AMD? what other disorders display drusen and/or chorioretinal atrophy? [journal.opted.org]

The first sign is drusen, which can vary in size and number according to stage of disease. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Macular Degeneration

The longitudinal drusen volume over 4 years was analyzed by annual SD-OCT raster scanning (field size 20 × 15°). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Drusen The development of drusen may also be a precursor to the development of macular degeneration. What are drusen? Drusen are deposits that lie beneath the retina. [pennmedicine.org]

At enrollment, 131 eyes (28.5%) had hard drusen and 125 eyes (27.2%) had soft drusen in the macular area. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Papilledema

In this review, we focus on the development and subsequent role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in detecting and differentiating optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) from [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These may be present in 73% of visible drusen cases in contrast with only 36% of cases associated with buried drusen. 23 As buried drusen begin to rise to the surface of the [reviewofoptometry.com]

Distinguishing papilledema from pseudopapilledema can also be difficult when surface drusen are not easily identified. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Myopic Macular Degeneration

Large drusen are associated with higher risk of vision loss than smaller drusen. [emedicinehealth.com]

Your doctor may spot drusen in a routine eye exam, and drusen may be visible long before you have symptoms of AMD. [nvisioncenters.com]

I have been diagnosed with drusen, does this mean I have macular degeneration? Almost everyone over the age of 50 has a few very small drusen (also called drupelets). [mdfoundation.com.au]

Optic Nerve Infarction

ANOMALOUS OPTIC DISCS Crowded optic discs Elevated discs without drusen Tilted optic discs Myelinated retinal nerve fibers Hypoplasia Aplasia Coloboma KEY POINTS In Chapter [neurology.mhmedical.com]

B-scan ultrasonography confirmed optic nerve head drusen of both eyes. [healio.com]

Optic Disc Drusen Optic disc drusen might increase the risk of developing NAION by theoretically contributing to the “crowded” optic nerve in discs with small cup to disc [eyewiki.aao.org]

Isolated optic nerve hypoplasia

Hypertensive Retinopathy Iris and Ciliary Body Lacrimal System Lens Lids Neuro-Ophthalmology Optic Nerve Anatomy Congenital Anomalies (Abnormalities) BALATERAL OPTIC DISC DRUSEN [atlasophthalmology.net]

VEP, Visual Field, Ocular Ultrasonography) Drusen of the optic papilla Grubenpapille Megalopapilla with pseudoglaucomatous Macroexcavation Mikropapille Morning Glory Disc [atlasophthalmology.net]

[…] with Pseudopapilloedema Cavernous haemangioma of the optic disc Coloboma of Optic Disc Decreased Retinal Nerve Fiber Thickness in Optic Disc Drusen (Colour Photography, SD-OCT [atlasophthalmology.net]

Malignant Choroidal Melanoma

The significance of this unusual observation in comparison to the common drusen of Bruch's membrane of the choroid is discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lipofuscin fluorescence is brighter than that of drusen (drusen are common in choroidal nevi). [eyewiki.aao.org]

Over time, choroidal nevi display features such as overlying drusen as well as retinal pigment epithelial atrophy, hyperplasia or fibrous metaplasia. [aao.org]

Choroid Hemangioma

Peripheral exudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (however, no fluid, no drusen, no anticoagulation or other risk factors) Congenital hypertrophy of the RPE (however, would [eyewiki.org]

In the left eye, however, we noted an elevated area with several drusen located just temporally off the optic disc. [reviewofoptometry.com]

The presence of subretinal fluid, subretinal lipofuscin deposition, subretinal drusen, and intraretinal edema was noted. [meajo.org]

Primary Optic Atrophy

[…] of optic disc H47.321 Drusen of optic disc, right eye H47.322 Drusen of optic disc, left eye H47.323 Drusen of optic disc, bilateral H47.329 Drusen of optic disc, unspecified [icd10coded.com]

Myelinated nerve fibers Optic disc drusen Hypermetropic disc 2. [mrcophth.com]

Optic nerve head drusen are pockets of protein and calcium salts that build up in the optic nerve over time Contact your health care provider if you are having vision problems [icdlist.com]

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

The association of MPGN and drusen needs to be reevaluated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] of drusen formation in association with type I MPGN. [jamanetwork.com]

These drusen are likely the result of complement pathway abnormalities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Optic Disc Coloboma

[…] coloboma • Morning glory anomaly • Optic nerve hypoplasia • Aicardi syndrome • Megalopapilla • Peripapillary staphyloma • Optic disc dysplasia • Tilted optic disc • Optic disc drusen [edurev.in]

Without systemic associations Tilted optic disc Optic disc drusen Optic disc pit Myelinated nerve fibres 2. [powershow.com]

Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

PXE) were detected by cSLO in 70 of 255 patients (27.8%) and included peau d'orange (19.6%), angioid streaks (12.9%), pattern dystrophy-like changes (7.5%), and optic disc drusen [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bilateral angioid streaks, optic disc drusen, choroidal neovascularization, and peau d'orange were present. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Associated optic disc drusen are common. [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]

Fleck Retina of Kandori

In later stages, these drusen often become more numerous, with clustered groups of drusen scattered throughout the retina. [findzebra.com]

Doyne honeycomb degeneration of retina (DHRD) and Basal laminar drusen (BLD) are included in familial drusen. [genome.jp]

Originally this group consisted of the following disorders: fundus albipunctatus, fundus flavimaculatus, basal laminar drusen (also known as familial drusen ), familial benign [bredagenetics.com]

North Carolina Macular Dystrophy

The small drusen-like yellowish lesions of mild NCMD were hyperautofluorescent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This patient had bilateral drusen in the macular area only. The right eye had confluent drusen. FA and ICGA revealed no suspicious choroidal neovascularization. [synapse.koreamed.org]

/6 Bilateral fine macular drusen-like deposits with associated RPE atrophy and pigmentation (Fig. 2D) Increased AF at both maculae, corresponding to the drusen-like deposits [iovs.arvojournals.org]

Familial Benign Flecked Retina

Originally this group consisted of the following disorders: fundus albipunctatus, fundus flavimaculatus, basal laminar drusen (also known as familial drusen ), familial benign [bredagenetics.com]

Doyne honeycomb degeneration of retina (DHRD) and Basal laminar drusen (BLD) are included in familial drusen. [genome.jp]

She has been a patient of the practice for several years, and has a history of suspected fundus flavimaculatus and familial drusen O.U. [reviewofoptometry.com]

Retinal Macular Dystrophy Type 2

Drusen do not cause any eye symptoms and so are detected only by fundoscopic examination of the eye. Classification of Drusen Drusen may be hard or soft. [news-medical.net]

Yellow deposits of protein, called drusen, form behind the retina. Drusen can dislodge the macula from its usual location in the eye. [livescience.com]

Familial Drusen Drusen, by definition, can be found anywhere in the retina. [retinaeyedoctor.com]

Adult-Onset Foveomacular Vitelliform Dystrophy

[…] in exon 10; L567F), a woman with drusen and retinal pigment epithelial alterations (variant in exon 10; L567F), a woman with drusen and retinal pigment epithelial alterations [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

OCT..like a very large drusen under the fovea: ..vision 6/24, very little change in the last 2 years ...vision 6/18 2 years ago blue circle outlines the drusen-like material [goodhopeeyeclinic.org.uk]

However, they did not specifically mention the presence of cuticular drusen, subretinal drusenoid deposits, or central serous chorioretinopathy. [entokey.com]

Sorsby's Fundus Dystrophy

For instance, the study family may represent an example of dominant drusen? Or, alternatively, does the study describe a new phenotype? [bjo.bmj.com]

[…] extracellular matrix remodelling, particularly in Bruch's membrane.9 Assink et al describe a large family with autosomal dominant maculopathy, the earliest features being drusen [bjo.bmj.com]

Finally, although serum exposure was not necessary for drusen formation, COL4 accumulation in ECM, and complement pathway gene alteration, it impacted the composition of drusen-like [pnas.org]

Benign Concentric Annular Macular Dystrophy

None of the patients had flecks, drusen, or peripheral retinal abnormalities. [westcoastretina.com]

MalaUia levenUm'se shares phenotypic overlap with familial drusen. [archive.org]

VMD4 features include late-onset moderate visual impairment, small satellite drusen-like lesions in the foveal area, and preservation of retinal pigment epithelium reflectivity [genecards.org]

Retinal Pigmentary Dystrophy

Drusen and retinal pigmentary changes are typical features of early and intermediate AMD; however, cuticular or basal laminar drusen resemble AMD drusen (Figure 1). [visioncareprofessional.com]

Familiäre Drusen Fenestrated Sheen Makuladystrophie Familiäre exsudative Vitreoretinopathie Familiäre foveale Retinoschisis Helicoide peripapilläre chorioretinale Dystrophie [drdiag.hu]

Macular Degeneration - Age Related, Myopic, Choroidal Neovascular Membranes Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) - Dry, Wet, Atrophic, Drusen ..., Angioid Myopic Macular [retinagallery.com]

Cystoid Macular Dystrophy

• May be confused with AMD • Malattia leventinese - radial drusen • Doyne honeycomb dystrophy • Usually show drusen deposits in early adult life • Risk factor for CNV • Drusen [quizlet.com]

Dominantly inherited drusen of Bruch’s membrane. Brit. J Ophthal. 54: 373 (1970). PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar Deutman, A.F. [link.springer.com]

Familiäre Drusen Fenestrated Sheen Makuladystrophie Familiäre exsudative Vitreoretinopathie Familiäre foveale Retinoschisis Helicoide peripapilläre chorioretinale Dystrophie [drdiag.hu]

Retinal Degeneration-Nanophthalmos-Glaucoma Syndrome

[…] pressure (IOP), wide pulse amplitude of mires DIAGNOSTIC TESTS & INTERPRETATION Lab Initial lab tests Ocular sonography: Axial length 1.5 mm), possible optic nerve head drusen [entokey.com]

However, optic disc drusen was not detected in our patient. [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

Surgeons Pakistan. 2008; 18(9): 590-591 [Pubmed] 2 A Novel Mutation Confirms MFRP as the Gene Causing the Syndrome of Nanophthalmos-Renititis Pigmentosa-Foveoschisis-Optic Disk Drusen [ijo.in]

Acquired Partial Lipodystrophy

Retinal pigment alterations, drusen and subretinal neovascularisation were seen without evidence for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The drusen-like lesions were more numerous in the nasal quadrants of the retina but larger in the temporal areas. [jamanetwork.com]

Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; dimps88{at}hotmail.com Statistics from Altmetric.com lipodystrophy Barraquer–Simons syndrome drusen [pmj.bmj.com]

Sorsby Syndrome

Genetic Conditions Associated with Macular Degeneration Inherited conditions include: Dominant Drusen Which are caused by the accumulation of drusen, yellow-white deposits [retinaaustralia.com.au]

Malattia Leventinese (Familial Dominant Drusen): 30-year-old female with drusen. EyeRounds.org. [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]

Patient VI.6 (55 years) showed central drusen-like deposits ( E – H ). The peripheral retina was unremarkable. [iovs.arvojournals.org]

Progressive Retinal Dystrophy due to Retinol Transport Defect

In most patients, the disease is manifest as ophthalmoscopically visible yellowish accumulations of protein and lipid (known as drusen) that lie beneath the retinal pigment [abcam.com]

[…] lentis-chorioretinal dystrophy-myopia syndrome Endophthalmitis Endotheliitis Essential iris atrophy Familial benign flecked retina Familial congenital palsy of trochlear nerve Familial drusen [se-atlas.de]

Vitreoretinal Degeneration

(degenerative) of macula H35.361 Drusen (degenerative) of macula, right eye H35.362 Drusen (degenerative) of macula, left eye H35.363 Drusen (degenerative) of macula, bilateral [icd10coded.com]

Most patients with moderate numbers of drusen can begin vitamin supplementation to reduce the potential risk of developing wet macular degeneration. [neec.com]

Drusen can be detected early in this disease without visual loss. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Hereditary Choroidal Dystrophy

The clinical spectrum ranged from CACD without noticeable drusen in four individuals to the fully expressed phenotype of CACD with drusen in 14 individuals. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Among these, one patient had macular drusen (CACD16) in stage IV, and five (CACD5, CACD15, CACD19, CACD21 and CACD24) had drusen associated to RPE defects in stages I and [nature.com]

Drusen and retinal pigmentary changes are typical features of early and intermediate AMD; however, cuticular or basal laminar drusen resemble AMD drusen (Figure 1). [visioncareprofessional.com]

Occult Macular Dystrophy

The fundus of both eyes was normal except for drusen. After 10 years and at the age of 75 years, her visual acuity in the right eye decreased to 0.3. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] cluster in a circle in the foveal area small compact drusen None progressive unless cnv Vitelliform macular dystrophy, Bests disease This is primarily an RPE disease, with [goodhopeeyeclinic.org.uk]

Neovascularization in Age-related Macular Degeneration (Variation over 14 Months, (OCT-, FFA-Images) Additional keywords: AMD, Occult subretinal neovascularization, SRNV, CNV, Drusen [atlasophthalmology.net]

Choroid Disease

And these stages are characterized by structural feature called drusen. [hstalks.com]

Pathological features of AMD include drusen and pigmentary changes eventually progressing into geographic atrophy due to RPE and photoreceptor death. [reviewofoptometry.com]

The drusen appear as yellow-white spots on the surface of the choroidal nevus. It typically takes many years for drusen to develop. [mastereyeassociates.com]

Onchocerciasis

Onchocerciasis, or River Blindness, is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. It is transmitted through repeated bites by blackflies of the genus Simulium. The disease is called River Blindness because the blackfly that transmits the infection lives and breeds near[…] [web.archive.org]