Drusen: Causes & Reasons

2.1

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Possible Causes for drusen

Macular Degeneration

The longitudinal drusen volume over 4 years was analyzed by annual SD-OCT raster scanning (field size 20 15 ). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

At enrollment, 131 eyes (28.5%) had hard drusen and 125 eyes (27.2%) had soft drusen in the macular area. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Fundus examination showed large drusen without any signs of CNV. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Papilledema

However, only three adolescent patients with Joubert Syndrome were diagnosed with optic disc drusen. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Optic disc drusen is caused by the deposition of calcified axonal debris and is often buried within the optic disc in pediatric patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These may be present in 73% of visible drusen cases in contrast with only 36% of cases associated with buried drusen. 23 As buried drusen begin to rise to the surface of the [reviewofoptometry.com]

Malignant Choroidal Melanoma

The significance of this unusual observation in comparison to the common drusen of Bruch's membrane of the choroid is discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lipofuscin fluorescence is brighter than that of drusen (drusen are common in choroidal nevi). [eyewiki.aao.org]

Over time, choroidal nevi display features such as overlying drusen as well as retinal pigment epithelial atrophy, hyperplasia or fibrous metaplasia. [aao.org]

Optic Disc Drusen

Drusen were echographically bilateral in 69% of these patients. In 30 eyes, drusen were not visible clinically but were detected echographically. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There was a significant negative correlation between proportion of the optic disc drusen area occupied by optic nerve drusen as detected by autofluorescence imaging and the [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The study was performed retrospectively on the files of 47 patients with optic disc drusen. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Primary Optic Atrophy

Optic nerve head drusen are pockets of protein and calcium salts that build up in the optic nerve over time Contact your health care provider if you are having vision problems [icdlist.com]

Optic atrophy associated with retinal dystrophies 377.14 Glaucomatous atrophy [cupping] of optic disc 377.15 Partial optic atrophy 377.16 Hereditary optic atrophy 377.21 Drusen [healthprovidersdata.com]

[…] of optic disc H47.321 Drusen of optic disc, right eye H47.322 Drusen of optic disc, left eye H47.323 Drusen of optic disc, bilateral H47.329 Drusen of optic disc, unspecified [icd10coded.com]

Optic Nerve Infarction

ANOMALOUS OPTIC DISCS Crowded optic discs Elevated discs without drusen Tilted optic discs Myelinated retinal nerve fibers Hypoplasia Aplasia Coloboma KEY POINTS In Chapter [neurology.mhmedical.com]

B-scan ultrasonography confirmed optic nerve head drusen of both eyes. [healio.com]

Optic Disc Drusen Optic disc drusen might increase the risk of developing NAION by theoretically contributing to the “crowded” optic nerve in discs with small cup to disc [eyewiki.aao.org]

Optic Disc Coloboma

[…] coloboma • Morning glory anomaly • Optic nerve hypoplasia • Aicardi syndrome • Megalopapilla • Peripapillary staphyloma • Optic disc dysplasia • Tilted optic disc • Optic disc drusen [edurev.in]

The deep-buried drusen mimic papilledema. Because of the varied presentation deep-buried drusen pose a diagnostic challenge to the ophthalmologists. [advbiores.net]

[…] the communication between the subretinal, subarachnoid, and vitreous spaces persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous congenital cataract nanophthalmos eyelid hemangioma drusen [radiopaedia.org]

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

The association of MPGN and drusen needs to be reevaluated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] of drusen formation in association with type I MPGN. [jamanetwork.com]

These drusen are likely the result of complement pathway abnormalities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Isolated optic nerve hypoplasia

Hypertensive Retinopathy Iris and Ciliary Body Lacrimal System Lens Lids Neuro-Ophthalmology Optic Nerve Anatomy Congenital Anomalies (Abnormalities) BALATERAL OPTIC DISC DRUSEN [atlasophthalmology.net]

VEP, Visual Field, Ocular Ultrasonography) Drusen of the optic papilla Grubenpapille Megalopapilla with pseudoglaucomatous Macroexcavation Mikropapille Morning Glory Disc [atlasophthalmology.net]

[…] with Pseudopapilloedema Cavernous haemangioma of the optic disc Coloboma of Optic Disc Decreased Retinal Nerve Fiber Thickness in Optic Disc Drusen (Colour Photography, SD-OCT [atlasophthalmology.net]

North Carolina Macular Dystrophy

The small drusen-like yellowish lesions of mild NCMD were hyperautofluorescent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

/6 Bilateral fine macular drusen-like deposits with associated RPE atrophy and pigmentation (Fig. 2D) Increased AF at both maculae, corresponding to the drusen-like deposits [iovs.arvojournals.org]

The characteristic retinal findings, ranging from scattered drusen to a posterior staphyloma, have been reported as early as infancy and usually reach their greatest magnitude [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Retinal Macular Dystrophy Type 2

Drusen do not cause any eye symptoms and so are detected only by fundoscopic examination of the eye. Classification of Drusen Drusen may be hard or soft. [news-medical.net]

Familial Drusen Drusen, by definition, can be found anywhere in the retina. [retinaeyedoctor.com]

Yellow deposits of protein, called drusen, form behind the retina. Drusen can dislodge the macula from its usual location in the eye. [livescience.com]

Familial Benign Flecked Retina

She has been a patient of the practice for several years, and has a history of suspected fundus flavimaculatus and familial drusen O.U. [reviewofoptometry.com]

Doyne honeycomb degeneration of retina (DHRD) and Basal laminar drusen (BLD) are included in familial drusen. [genome.jp]

Originally this group consisted of the following disorders: fundus albipunctatus, fundus flavimaculatus, basal laminar drusen (also known as familial drusen ), familial benign [bredagenetics.com]

Sorsby's Fundus Dystrophy

For instance, the study family may represent an example of dominant drusen? Or, alternatively, does the study describe a new phenotype? [bjo.bmj.com]

The retinal findings seen in CACD vary and range from minimal RPE changes without drusen to CACD associated with dominant drusen. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The major ophthalmoscopic changes consisted of soft drusen and hemorrhagic or atrophic lesions in the macula, which were progressive and ultimately led to disciform scarring [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Fleck Retina of Kandori

Case Navigation History Exam Photos Diagnosis Teaching Points Comments Familial drusen Differential Diagnosis Retinitis punctata albescens Fundus albipunctatus Fleck retina [kellogg.umich.edu]

In later stages, these drusen often become more numerous, with clustered groups of drusen scattered throughout the retina. [findzebra.com]

Krill and Archer (1977) have grouped four conditions - fundus albipunctatus, fundus flavimaculatus, familial drusen, and fleck retina of Kandori - in the chapter, 'Flecked [docslide.us]

Adult-Onset Foveomacular Vitelliform Dystrophy

[…] in exon 10; L567F), a woman with drusen and retinal pigment epithelial alterations (variant in exon 10; L567F), a woman with drusen and retinal pigment epithelial alterations [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

OCT..like a very large drusen under the fovea: ..vision 6/24, very little change in the last 2 years ...vision 6/18 2 years ago blue circle outlines the drusen-like material [goodhopeeyeclinic.org.uk]

However, they did not specifically mention the presence of cuticular drusen, subretinal drusenoid deposits, or central serous chorioretinopathy. [entokey.com]

Choroid Hemangioma

The presence of subretinal fluid, subretinal lipofuscin deposition, subretinal drusen, and intraretinal edema was noted. [meajo.org]

Other associated clinical signs can include dilated episcleral vessels, neovascularization of the iris, drusen, RPE hyperplasia, dilated retinal arteries and veins, and retinoschisis [journalofoptometry.org]

[…] basal diameter (mm), distance of tumor margin to foveola and optic disc (mm), color (orange, amelanotic, melanotic), related subretinal fluid, orange pigment (lipofuscin), drusen [meajo.org]

Retinal Pigmentary Dystrophy

Familiäre Drusen Fenestrated Sheen Makuladystrophie Familiäre exsudative Vitreoretinopathie Familiäre foveale Retinoschisis Helicoide peripapilläre chorioretinale Dystrophie [drdiag.hu]

However, optic disc drusen was not detected in our patient. [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

Drusen and retinal pigmentary changes are typical features of early and intermediate AMD; however, cuticular or basal laminar drusen resemble AMD drusen (Figure 1). [visioncareprofessional.com]

Benign Concentric Annular Macular Dystrophy

None of the patients had flecks, drusen, or peripheral retinal abnormalities. [westcoastretina.com]

MalaUia levenUm'se shares phenotypic overlap with familial drusen. [archive.org]

VMD4 features include late-onset moderate visual impairment, small satellite drusen-like lesions in the foveal area, and preservation of retinal pigment epithelium reflectivity [genecards.org]

Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

Associated optic disc drusen are common. [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]

Bilateral angioid streaks, optic disc drusen, choroidal neovascularization, and peau d'orange were present. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PXE) were detected by cSLO in 70 of 255 patients (27.8%) and included peau d'orange (19.6%), angioid streaks (12.9%), pattern dystrophy-like changes (7.5%), and optic disc drusen [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hereditary Choroidal Dystrophy

The clinical spectrum ranged from CACD without noticeable drusen in four individuals to the fully expressed phenotype of CACD with drusen in 14 individuals. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] to CACD associated with dominant drusen. [bjo.bmj.com]

CACD has been associated with drusen in some of them. Linkage analysis and mutational screening exclude linkage to the PRPH2/RDS gene and to the CACD locus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acquired Partial Lipodystrophy

Retinal pigment alterations, drusen and subretinal neovascularisation were seen without evidence for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The drusen-like lesions were more numerous in the nasal quadrants of the retina but larger in the temporal areas. [jamanetwork.com]

Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK; dimps88{at}hotmail.com Statistics from Altmetric.com lipodystrophy Barraquer–Simons syndrome drusen [pmj.bmj.com]

Retinal Degeneration-Nanophthalmos-Glaucoma Syndrome

However, optic disc drusen was not detected in our patient. [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

[…] pressure (IOP), wide pulse amplitude of mires DIAGNOSTIC TESTS & INTERPRETATION Lab Initial lab tests Ocular sonography: Axial length 1.5 mm), possible optic nerve head drusen [entokey.com]

Surgeons Pakistan. 2008; 18(9): 590-591 [Pubmed] 2 A Novel Mutation Confirms MFRP as the Gene Causing the Syndrome of Nanophthalmos-Renititis Pigmentosa-Foveoschisis-Optic Disk Drusen [ijo.in]

Sorsby Syndrome

30-year-old female with drusen Edited by Jordan M. [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]

Genetic Conditions Associated with Macular Degeneration Inherited conditions include: Dominant Drusen Which are caused by the accumulation of drusen, yellow-white deposits [retinaaustralia.com.au]

Patient VI.6 (55 years) showed central drusen-like deposits ( E – H ). The peripheral retina was unremarkable. [iovs.arvojournals.org]

Myopic Macular Degeneration

Large drusen are associated with higher risk of vision loss than smaller drusen. [emedicinehealth.com]

Your doctor may spot drusen in a routine eye exam, and drusen may be visible long before you have symptoms of AMD. [nvisioncenters.com]

I have been diagnosed with drusen, does this mean I have macular degeneration? Almost everyone over the age of 50 has a few very small drusen (also called drupelets). [mdfoundation.com.au]

Cystoid Macular Dystrophy

Dominantly inherited drusen of Bruch’s membrane. Brit. J Ophthal. 54: 373 (1970). PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar Deutman, A.F. [link.springer.com]

• May be confused with AMD • Malattia leventinese - radial drusen • Doyne honeycomb dystrophy • Usually show drusen deposits in early adult life • Risk factor for CNV • Drusen [quizlet.com]

Familiäre Drusen Fenestrated Sheen Makuladystrophie Familiäre exsudative Vitreoretinopathie Familiäre foveale Retinoschisis Helicoide peripapilläre chorioretinale Dystrophie [drdiag.hu]

Onchocerciasis

A 37-year-old African man presented for excision of a dermal nodule after a diagnosis of ocular onchocerciasis (river blindness). A nodule from the patient's left buttock contained several adult filarial worms, and results from adjacent skin biopsy specimens revealed numerous dermal microfilariae. The patient was[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pigmented Paravenous Retinochoroidal Atrophy

The authors present a case of PPRCA which is classic except for an additional finding of optic nerve head drusen. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Young WO, Small KW: Pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy (PPRCA) with optic disc drusen. Ophthalmic Paediatr Genet 1993;14:23–27. [karger.com]

Geographic atrophy and drusen were visible OS. [reviewofoptometry.com]

Common Cold

Two other small clinical trials evaluated the effects of supplementation with 200 mg zinc sulfate (providing 45 mg zinc) for 2 years in subjects with drusen or macular degeneration [ods.od.nih.gov]

Vitreoretinal Degeneration

(degenerative) of macula H35.361 Drusen (degenerative) of macula, right eye H35.362 Drusen (degenerative) of macula, left eye H35.363 Drusen (degenerative) of macula, bilateral [icd10coded.com]

Most patients with moderate numbers of drusen can begin vitamin supplementation to reduce the potential risk of developing wet macular degeneration. [neec.com]

In this type of macular degeneration, there is progressive thinning (atrophy) and deposition of waste products (drusen) in the retina. [orlick-berger-kasper.com]

Optic Atrophy

Optic disc drusen (ODD) is a cause of pseudo optic disc edema and may be a predisposing factor for non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), thereby mimicking [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A retrospective study in cadaver eyes. 61 Friedman AH...Modi SS 1203227 1975 28 Drusen of the optic disc. [malacards.org]

Nerve elevation due to disc drusen is usually apparent in childhood as a “full” optic nerve that simulates papilledema. [decisionmakerplus.net]