Dysesthesia & Hyporeflexia & Leg Cramp: Causes & Reasons

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Patient File

Sex unknown, Age unknown

Reported Symptoms

Dysesthesia, Hyporeflexia, Leg Cramp,

Negated

None

Unsure

None

Possible Causes

Arachnoiditis

Clinical description Patients present with chronic, persistent deafferentiation pain in the lower back, limbs and trunk that is increased by activity, hyporeflexia, loss of [orpha.net]

[…] or the spinal cord with: Verification of the arachnoiditis by appropriate medically acceptable imaging or, an operative note or pathology report of tissue biopsy Severe dysesthesia [disabilitycarecenter.org]

This syndrome was characterized by transient violent spasms in the legs, muscle cramps, increased radicular pain, and often fever and chills. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Peripheral Neuropathy

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating side effect of chemotherapy, which manifests as paresthesias, dysesthesias, and numbness in the hands and feet [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Weakness and leg cramping or any pain in hands and/or feet Difficulty picking things up or buttoning clothes Areas affected by neuropathy: Fingers and toes (most common) This [chemocare.com]

pain, dysesthesias) or 'negative' (e.g., loss of touch, vibration, position sense) neuropathic symptoms or signs. [clinicaladvisor.com]

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Hypokalemia

[…] resulting hyperpolarization leads to a reduced neuromuscular excitability and thus causes: Muscular adynamia (extreme form: paresis ) Weakening or suspension of reflexes (hyporeflexia [flexikon.doccheck.com]

As weakness progresses, the patient develops paresthesia and leg cramps. Deep tendon reflexes may be decreased or absent and respiratory muscles can become paralyzed. [journals.lww.com]

However, in more severe cases, patients can present with muscle weakness, paraesthesia, constipation / ileus or pseudo-obstruction, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, muscle cramps, [teachmesurgery.com]

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Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is characterized by rapidly evolving ascending weakness, mild sensory loss, and hyporeflexia or areflexia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Legs arms Accompanied by dysesthesias of extremities. DEEPTENDON REFLEXES: Reflexes attenuate,disappear in few days of onset. 24. [slideshare.net]

cramps, h/a & elevated temp;fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, h/a, numbness in fingers & toes;28JUN vision was blurred & legs were weak;became paralyzed;dx GBS;no coordination [whale.to]

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Pernicious Anemia

In early stages, decreased position and vibratory sensation in the extremities is accompanied by mild to moderate weakness and hyporeflexia. [msdmanuals.com]

Symptoms that affect the gastrointestinal system include a sore and brightly red tongue, loss of appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, and abdominal cramping. [encyclopedia.com]

Symptoms include numbness, tingling, or burning in the arms, legs, hands, and feet; muscle weakness; difficulty and loss of balance while walking; changes in reflexes; irritability [encyclopedia.com]

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Stroke

The stroke began with a cramping pain in his leg after a long international flight during which he wore compression hose to support his varicose veins. [nytimes.com]

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Cervical Spine Disease

Lower motor neurone signs in the upper limbs (atrophy, hyporeflexia). [patient.info]

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with scalp dysesthesia also had abnormal cervical spine images. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The pinched nerves become inflamed and cause pain, cramping, numbness or weakness in your legs, back, neck, or arms. [mayfieldclinic.com]

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Poliomyelitis

[…] nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic; the central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse fasciculation and hyporeflexia [icd9data.com]

A 50-year-old man had a 3-day history of urinary retention, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, and chills without fever, followed by leg weakness. [archneur.jamanetwork.com]

The main clinical manifestations of poliomyelitis are weakness, decreased muscle tone, and hyporeflexia. [amboss.com]

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Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Common clinical manifestations of CMTX1 disease, as in other forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, are distal muscle wasting and weakness, hyporeflexia, distal sensory [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We describe a 70-year-old woman who had bilateral dysesthesia of the soles since the age of 66 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Leg Cramp or Restless Leg Syndrome? Like leg cramps, restless leg syndrome (RLS) is more common in older adults and frequently occurs at night. [aarp.org]

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Fibromyalgia

Drowsiness and hyporeflexia are observed first. [mgwater.com]

Persistent dysesthesias (painful sensations), paresthesias (numbness and tingling), muscle wasting and twitching, weakness and balance problems may occur in patients who have [justanswer.com]

Restless legs syndrome and leg cramps in fibromyalgia syndrome: a controlled study. BMJ 312: 1339. Google Scholar Crossref Medline [doi.org]

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Lower Motor Neuron Syndrome with Late-Adult Onset

Common features are muscle weakness (distal or proximal) with atrophy and hyporeflexia, but no sensory involvement. They can be acquired or hereditary. [em-consulte.com]

This results in paresthesia and dysesthesia on the sides of adjacent toes (particularly after walking). [dartmouth.edu]

The disease is characterized by symptoms such as muscle weakness and cramps in the arms, legs, and facial area, enlarged breasts, and difficulty with speaking and swallowing [rarediseases.org]

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Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2S

Affected members of a large southern Italian pedigree had distal weakness, wasting, hyporeflexia, and mild panmodal sensory loss. [emedicine.medscape.com]

It is often associated to positive sensory symptoms such as numbness, paraesthesiae, dysesthesia and pain.They also developed painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) .Pain can be [explainmedicine.com]

[…] muscle cramping, loss of some normal reflexes, occasional partial sight and/or hearing loss, and, in some individuals, scoliosis (curvature of the spine). [genome.gov]

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Acute Exertional Rhabdomyolysis

[…] etiology: preceded by infection, can be associated with HIV, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, SLE RAPID progressing weakness, full presentation less than 4 wks legs first, ASCENDING hyporeflexia [quizlet.com]

[…] or SLE and rheumatoid arthritis (seondary) subacute or insidious mononeuritis multiplex can be symmetric diffuse polyneuropathy BOTH SENSORY AND MOTOR pain, parasthesias, dysesthesias [quizlet.com]

[…] first, ASCENDING hyporeflexia and areflexia can have autonomic dysfcn and opthalmoparesis sensory changes less prominent may have pain- arthralgias and back pain, cramping [quizlet.com]

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Transverse Myelitis

A 32-year-old healthy male developed high fever, dysesthesia and paraesthesia below the C2 area, muscle weakness of the bilateral lower extremities, and urinary retention [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

My right leg does not feel cold or pain. I still have assorted bathroom problems –that has probably been the most frustrating for me. [barbarah.wordpress.com]

Another treatment for pain and dysesthesias is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, called TENS therapy. [encyclopedia.com]

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Arsenic-Induced Polyneuropathy

Loss of function “- symptoms” Disordered function “ symptoms” Sensory “Large Fiber” Vibration Proprioception Hyporeflexia Sensory ataxia Paresthesias Sensory “Small Fiber” [slideshare.net]

The patients with AP usually complain of painful dysesthesias. [synapse.koreamed.org]

The patient may have cramps or fasciculations. Peripheral neuropathy can present as restless leg syndrome. [aafp.org]

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Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy

Hyporeflexia is consistent with peripheral nervous system deficits but is nonspecific. [merckmanuals.com]

Patients complained of dysesthesias and paresthesias in hands and feet. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Difficulty walking or moving your arms or legs. Muscle twitching. Cramps. Spasms. Loss of muscle control. Loss of muscle tone. Loss of dexterity. Falling. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

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Déjerine-Sottas Disease

A 9-year-old boy presented progressive slight motor deficit in the lower limbs, particularly in the feet, and generalized hyporeflexia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

None of our patients complained of pronounced sensory disturbances or dysesthesia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other symptoms may include: Hammer toes High arched heels Decreased sensation in the feet and legs Muscle cramping in legs and forearms Flexed toes Difficulty holding the [cookchildrens.org]

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Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 5

Common features are muscle weakness (distal or proximal) with atrophy and hyporeflexia, but no sensory involvement. They can be acquired or hereditary. [em-consulte.com]

This results in paresthesia and dysesthesia on the sides of adjacent toes (particularly after walking). [dartmouth.edu]

Patients experience leg and hand cramps that are often worse with fatigue and relieved by wearing ankle-foot orthoses. [14] The following paragraphs focus on distinguishing [emedicine.medscape.com]

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Multifocal Motor Neuropathy

• Sensory symptoms such as pain and dysesthesia are not uncommon. – Up to 1/4 of patients present with neuropathic pain as a prominent feature – Many patients will describe [slideshare.net]

The leg muscles may also be affected in some people. Also known as Multifocal Motor Neuropathy with Conduction Block (MMNCB). [medicinenet.com]

[…] specific types of disordered pain that may be experienced in neuropathy include: Allodynia – pain from what is normally a non-painful touch, such as being stroked by a feather Dysesthesia [neuromodulation.com]

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Acute Intermittent Porphyria

Other features include preservation of achilles reflexes while global hyporeflexia and neuropathic or myalgic pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

After 18 months and the reappearance of menstruation, progressive loss of strength in all four extremities again developed, with paresthesias and dysesthesias, and the reappearance [archivesofmedicine.com]

Less often, abdominal pain is described as cramping. Pain may also occur in the neck, lower back, buttocks, or arms and legs. [rarediseases.org]

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Familial Dysautonomia

[…] autonomic nervous system function such as indifference to pain, diminished lacrimation, poor vasomotor homeostasis, motor incoordination, labile cardiovascular reactions, hyporeflexia [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Thus, this pattern of distorted pain perception rather than hypoesthesia or anesthesia common to many sensory neuropathies, can be coined dysesthesia. [rarediseasesjournal.com]

Other symptoms that may appear during adolescence include weakness, leg cramps, and/or difficulty concentrating. [rarediseases.org]

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Hypocalcemia

[…] include: -Poor feeding -Vomiting -Constipation -Abdominal Pain -Hypertension -Altered mental status In more severe cases of hypercalcemia, findings can include: -Hypotonia -Hyporeflexia [clinicaladvisor.com]

Cramping is common in the legs and arms. The muscles can also ache. [livestrong.com]

Muscle cramps involving the back and legs are common. [merckmanuals.com]

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Hereditary Areflexic Dystasia

[…] number of peripheral myelinated nerve fibers ; Distal amyotrophy ; Distal muscle weakness ; Distal sensory impairment ; Gait ataxia ; Hammertoe ; Hypertrophic nerve changes ; Hyporeflexia [mousephenotype.org]

Patients often report that after resting on a limb in an awkward position, the resulting weakness and dysesthesias last weeks to months, rather than seconds to minutes. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] features of rhythmic shaking (static tremor) in the hands and an unsteady gait ( gait ataxia ) are specific to Roussy Levy syndrome. 0001288 Hypertrophic nerve changes 0003382 Hyporeflexia [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

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Scapuloperoneal Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Patients typically present during infancy or early childhood with progressive weakness, hypotonia, muscle atrophy, hyporeflexia /areflexia, and varying degrees of bulbar weakness [amboss.com]

[…] disturbances brain tumors and 254, 255 86–88, 276 drome (CRPS) 110 chronic 158, 159 examination 86 diabetic neuropathy and 324 meningitis and 222 internuclear disturbances dysesthesia [fliphtml5.com]

Spierkramp Service Apotheek: Spierkramp A Note about Night-time Leg Cramps On Vitamin E and Leg Cramps On Muscle Cramps: Dealing With Heat Stress During Endurance Exercise [catsclem.nl]

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Amyloidosis

In the initial phase, small fiber neuropathy results in pain, paresthesia, allodynia, hyperalgesia, dysesthesia and impaired sensation to temperature. [intechopen.com]

[…] in legs when standing or walking that dissipates when sitting down or bending forward (spinal stenosis) Purple patches around the eyes (commonly referred to as “raccoon eyes [houstonmethodist.org]

Itching, skin rash, diarrhea or constipation, muscle cramps and backache, leg swelling, risk of blood clot in veins, low platelets in blood. [ahajournals.org]

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Petroleum Distillates Poisoning

Myopathy, with manifestations of muscle weakness and pain, hyporeflexia, tenderness and stiffness, has been the major presenting adverse effect. [rxmed.com]

[…] or pain troubled breathing unusual tiredness or weakness weakness, aching, and stiffness of muscles, especially those of the neck, arms, and legs Note: Cardiac and muscle [drugs.com]

[…] necessarily inclusive (may also be symptoms of chronic abuse {02} {04} {19} ): Diarrhea fast or irregular heartbeat nausea or vomiting, continuing more than 30 minutes stomach cramps [drugs.com]

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Polyneuropathy

Nine patients with gait disturbance or motor paresis had showed hyporeflexia in neurological examinations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CASE PRESENTATION: A 70-year-old Caucasian man developed, in the course of 3 months, polyneuropathy with unpleasant dysesthesia of lower extremities and gradually increasing [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cramping pain occurred sporadically in my arms and legs, especially after any effort. [bruno-groening.org]

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Myelopathy

Nerve root compression commonly causes early radicular pain; later, there may be weakness, hyporeflexia, and muscle atrophy. [msdmanuals.com]

An 81-year-old male with both hand weakness and dysesthesia was diagnosed with CSM and was recommended laminectomy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

You may feel them in your legs or feet. Compression in your lower back can cause pain and cramping in your legs. [arcticspine.com]

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Foix-Alajouanine Syndrome

Ischemic myelopathy often presents with flaccid paralysis below the level of injury along with hyporeflexia and reduced rectal tone. [now.aapmr.org]

Patients are usually over 50 years of age and can present with acute lower extremity dysesthesias or intermittent sciatica. Progression to paraplegia may be slow. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Additionally, anal sphincter disturbance, cramping, erectile dysfunction and severe leg pain, are encountered in the majority patients in whom the diagnosis is delayed, and [symptoma.com]

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Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 4

Patients typically present during infancy or early childhood with progressive weakness, hypotonia, muscle atrophy, hyporeflexia/areflexia, and varying degrees of bulbar weakness [amboss.com]

This results in paresthesia and dysesthesia on the sides of adjacent toes (particularly after walking). [dartmouth.edu]

feet or ankles Hand weakness or clumsiness: reduced fingers dexterity, cramping, stiffness Muscle cramps and twitching in arms, shoulders and tongue Difficulty keeping posture [thehumanthebody.com]

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