Early Repolarization: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Early Repolarization

Brugada Syndrome

This study confirms the independent predictive value of previous VF and syncopal episodes, f-QRS, type 1 electrocardiogram, and early repolarization pattern. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We describe a unique case in which a patient developed inferior J waves with an early repolarization-type electrocardiogram following successful epicardial infundibular substrate [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

KEYWORDS: J-waves; early repolarization; electrocardiography; sudden cardiac death; ventricular fibrillation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Short QT Syndrome Type 1

The term “early repolarization” (ER) has long been used to refer to a heterogeneous group of specific QRS‐T junction patterns that are commonly found on the electrocardiograms [doi.org]

Kambara H, Phillips J (1976) Long-term evaluation of early repolarization syndrome (normal variant RS-T segment elevation). [link.springer.com]

High prevalence of early repolarization in short QT syndrome. Heart Rhythm 2010;7:647-52. [acc.org]

Paroxysmal Ventricular Fibrillation

BACKGROUND: Recently, we and others reported that early repolarization (J wave) is associated with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract Recent data point to a high incidence of early repolarization abnormalities among patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Early repolarization was common in this IVF cohort, and horizontal ST segments were suggestive predictor for poorer outcomes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Torsade-De-Pointes Syndrome with Short Coupling Interval

Nam GB, Ko KH, Kim J, et al., Mode of onset of ventricular fibrillation in patients with early repolarization pattern vs. [touchcardio.com]

Therefore, in this context long or short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome or early repolarization syndrome were unlikely. 6 Analysis of periods of torsade de pointes in our patient [elsevier.pt]

QT-interval prolongation predisposes to arrhythmia by prolonging repolarization, which induces early after-depolarizations and spatial dispersion of refractoriness. [merckmanuals.com]

Long QT Syndrome 2

Electrocardiographic characteristics and SCN5A mutations in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation associated with early repolarization. [med.niigata-u.ac.jp]

Clinical characteristics and risk of arrhythmia recurrences in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation associated with early repolarization. [med.niigata-u.ac.jp]

Diffuse Intraventricular Block

repolarization (BER) Ventricular aneurysm Coronary vasospasm LITFL Further Reading ECG Library Basics – Waves, Intervals, Segments and Clinical Interpretation ECG A to Z [lifeinthefastlane.com]

The ST elevation from early repolarization resolves with exercise while that of pericarditis does not. [healio.com]

repolarization. [rjmatthewsmd.com]

Athletic Heart Syndrome

As mentioned previously, sinus bradycardia, AV blocks, extrasystoles, and early repolarization are hallmarks of athletic heart syndrome. [symptoma.com]

Results from asymmetry in repolarization due to vagal tone Why is early repolarization common in athlete hearts? [quizlet.com]

Early repolarization (J point elevation > 1 mm) in leads V1-V3 is seen in a majority of endurance athletes. [ahcmedia.com]

Lateral Myocardial Infarction

Benign Early Repolarization (BER): Benign early repolarization usually represents a normal variant most often seen in young, healthy patients. [cdemcurriculum.com]

Repolarization, Juvenile T Waves, Nonspecific ST and/or T Wave Abnormalities, ST and/or T Wave Abnormalities Suggesting Myocardial Ischemia, ST and/or T Wave Abnormalities [play.google.com]

There are only a few times that I recall isolated J point elevation that looks more like early repolarization but really occurred during acute chest pain from an anterior [healio.com]

Long QT Syndrome 9

Electrocardiographic characteristics and SCN5A mutations in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation associated with early repolarization. [med.niigata-u.ac.jp]

Clinical characteristics and risk of arrhythmia recurrences in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation associated with early repolarization. [med.niigata-u.ac.jp]

Acute Pleuropericarditis

ST segment / T wave ratio: In acute Pericarditis, T wave has normal amplitude, but are usually peaked in early repolarization. An ST/T ratio early repolarization. [en.my-ekg.com]

Electrocardiographic Manifestations of Acute Pericarditis, Acute Myocardial Infarction, and Early Repolarization Electrocardiographic finding Acute pericarditis Myocardial [aafp.org]

Keywords Right Ventricle Cardiac Tamponade Constrictive Pericarditis Early Repolarization Acute Pericarditis These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. [link.springer.com]

Cocaine Abuse

A 43-year-old woman with a history of cocaine abuse presented with decreased mental responsiveness and cyanosis of the extremities several hours after repeated use of "crack" cocaine. She developed bilateral hand compartment syndrome requiring emergency fasciotomy and gangrene of both hands and legs despite[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute Pericarditis

ST segment / T wave ratio: In acute Pericarditis, T wave has normal amplitude, but are usually peaked in early repolarization. An ST/T ratio early repolarization. [en.my-ekg.com]

repolarization is present, meaning the T wave in early repolarization is usually 4 times the amplitude of the ST segment elevation. [healio.com]

ECG changes of both acute myocardial infarction and early repolarization can appear similar to ECG changes of acute pericarditis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Type 5

Early repolarization pattern: a marker of increased risk in patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. [cambridge.org]

Electrocardiographic characteristics and SCN5A mutations in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation associated with early repolarization. [med.niigata-u.ac.jp]

repolarization syndrome Treatment Avoidance of strenuous exercise, medication, implantable cardioverter defibrillator[2] Medication Beta-adrenoceptor blockers, Verapamil, [en.wikipedia.org]

Long QT Syndrome 15

Electrocardiographic characteristics and SCN5A mutations in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation associated with early repolarization. [med.niigata-u.ac.jp]

Clinical characteristics and risk of arrhythmia recurrences in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation associated with early repolarization. [med.niigata-u.ac.jp]

Long QT Syndrome 1

Electrocardiographic characteristics and SCN5A mutations in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation associated with early repolarization. [med.niigata-u.ac.jp]

Clinical characteristics and risk of arrhythmia recurrences in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation associated with early repolarization. [med.niigata-u.ac.jp]

Long QT Syndrome 6

Dissection • Cocaine Intoxication • Short QT Syndrome • Long QT Syndrome • Athlete’s Heart • Persistent Juvenile Pattern • Pericarditis • Myocarditis • Brugada Syndrome • Early [play.google.com]

This may be useful in distinguishing hyperacute MI from benign early repolarization (both may produce similar hyperacute T waves, but benign early repolarisation (BER) will [lifeinthefastlane.com]

巻 : 3 ページ : 10-17 関連する報告書査読あり [雑誌論文] High prevalence of early repolarization in short QT syndrome. 2010 著者名/発表者名 Watanabe H, Makiyama T, Koyama T, Kannankeril PJ, Seto S, [kaken.nii.ac.jp]

Long QT Syndrome 3

These loss-of-function mutations reduce the sodium current (I Na ) available during the phases 0 (upstroke) and 1 (early repolarization) of the cardiac action potential. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pericarditis

repolarization is present, meaning the T wave in early repolarization is usually 4 times the amplitude of the ST segment elevation. [healio.com]

Early repolarization on the scalar electrocardiogram. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 1995;309(6):305-11. LeWinter. Acute pericarditis. [emcrit.org]

The ST segment elevation in early repolarization resolves when the person exercises. [healio.com]

Familial Ventricular Polymorphic Tachycardia

repolarization syndrome, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. [ndsl.kr]

Electrocardiographic characteristics and SCN5A mutations in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation associated with early repolarization. [med.niigata-u.ac.jp]

Mode of onset of ventricular fibrillation in patients with early repolarization pattern vs. Brugada syndrome. Eur Heart J. 2010 Feb. 31 (3):330-9. [Medline]. [medscape.com]

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Type 2

Mutations in these genes cause various phenotypes, including Timothy syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and early repolarization syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

AIMS: The early repolarization pattern (ERP) has been shown to be associated with arrhythmias in patients with short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and ischaemic heart disease [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A, Early repolarization pattern in the inferior and lateral leads. [doi.org]

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

Early repolarization pattern: a marker of increased risk in patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. [cambridge.org]

PED Brugada syndroom / Brugada syndrome / BrS Lang QT syndroom / long QT syndrome / LQTS Kort QT syndroom / short QT syndrome / SQTS Vroegtijdig repolarisatie syndroom / Early [labogidsmedgen.uza.be]

Therefore, in this context long or short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome or early repolarization syndrome were unlikely. 6 Analysis of periods of torsade de pointes in our patient [elsevier.pt]

Hypertrichotic Osteochondrodysplasia

Examples of J-wave disorders are arrhythmias associated with an early repolarization pattern in the inferior or mid to lateral precordial leads, Brugada syndrome, some cases [genecards.org]

Hu D, Barajas-Martínez H, Terzic A, Park S, Pfeiffer R, et al: ABCC9 is a novel Brugada and early repolarization syndrome susceptibility gene. [karger.com]

ABCC9 is a novel Brugada and early repolarization syndrome susceptibility gene. Int J Cardiol. 2014;171(3):431–442. 18. Bryan J, Muñoz A, Zhang X, et al. [dovepress.com]

Ventricular Fibrillation

Prominent early repolarization pattern was the most likely trigger of the VF storm in this Brugada patient. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patients presenting with aborted cardiac arrest who display early repolarization generally are diagnosed with early repolarization syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

repolarization (ER) pattern. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Apical Myocardial Infarction

His initial EKG showed J point elevation in leads III, aVF, V2-V5, consistent with early repolarization changes. [shmabstracts.com]

Early repolarization Early repolarization is a common finding in young, healthy individuals. [healio.com]

Early repolarization frequently looks simply like “J point” elevation. 3. [healio.com]

Acute Atrial Infarction

Spodick DH: Differential characteristics of the electrocardiogram in early repolarization and acute pericarditis. N Engl J Med 1976;295:523-526. Crossref 4. [jamanetwork.com]

The other normal variant that may be associated with prominent T wave inversion is the early repolarization pattern. [angelfire.com]

Repolarization, Juvenile T Waves, Nonspecific ST and/or T Wave Abnormalities, ST and/or T Wave Abnormalities Suggesting Myocardial Ischemia, ST and/or T Wave Abnormalities [play.google.com]

Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia

In trained athletes with no structural heart disease, genetic channelopathies and early repolarization, it is considered to be benign, as it disappears during deconditioning [symptoma.com]

“Sudden cardiac death associated with early repolarization”. NEJM. vol. 358. 2008. pp. 2016-23. [thecardiologyadvisor.com]

repolarization syndromes that usually present with polymorphic episodes. [heartlandcardiology.com]

Behr Syndrome

A clinical approach to early repolarization. Circulation. 2013;127:1620-9. [itaca.edu.es]

J-wave syndromes: Brugada and early repolarization síndromes. HeartRhythm. 2015;12:1852–1866. Brugada P, Brugada J. [revcardiologia.sld.cu]

Repolarization characteristics in early repolarization and brugada syndromes: insight into an overlapping mechanism of lethal arrhythmias. [nature.com]

Familial Pericarditis

Electrocardiogram at time of elective ablation revealed a normal sinus rhythm with heart rate of 79 beats per minute and a normal early repolarization pattern with no other [najms.org]

Electrocardiographic Manifestations of Acute Pericarditis, Acute Myocardial Infarction, and Early Repolarization Electrocardiographic finding Acute pericarditis Myocardial [aafp.org]

repolarization. [scielo.br]

Post-Infarction Pericarditis

repolarization pattern (syndrome) T-waves in myocardial ischemia / infarction [ecgwaves.com]

Early repolarization Early repolarization is a common finding in young, healthy individuals. [healio.com]

repolarization and acute MI 19 ( Table 2 7 ). [aafp.org]

Right Atrial Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy EKG Right Ventricle Enlargement EKG Left Ventricular Hypertrophy EKG Left vs Right Atrial Enlargement EKG L Atrial Enlargement EKG Right Ventricular Hypertrophy Benign Early [thepinsta.com]

repolarization Nonspecific ST-T wave changes Juvenile T-wave pattern QTc ≥ 0.45 seconds by computer, but normal by hand calculation Borderline QTc of 0.44 to 0.45 seconds [aafp.org]

Repolarization EKG Right Hypertrophy EKG Right Bundle Branch Block Right Atrial Enlargement ECG Findings Right Atrial Hypertrophy EKG Right Atrial Enlargement Electrocardiogram [thepinsta.com]