Epileptiform Activity: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Epileptiform Activity

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

However, little is currently known about the modulation of these networks by epileptiform activity, such as interictal spikes and seizures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neurophysiologic findings in NTLE are typically a predominance of lateral temporal interictal epileptiform activity (IEA) and an ictal onset pattern consisting of irregular [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It also reduced the frequency of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) in granule cells from epileptic, but not control, rats and depressed granule cell epileptiform activity dependent [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epilepsy

It remains unclear whether seizures and epileptiform activity on the EEG are causative or comorbid. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Through an accurate Video-EEG polygraphic analysis, we demonstrated that seizures are related to an abnormal increase of epileptiform activity after eye-closure or loss of [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Her EEG at 2 years was reported as showing frequent left central epileptiform activity. [brain.oxfordjournals.org]

MERRF Syndrome

Generalized epileptiform discharges in 84.2% of patients, while focal discharges were present in ten patients. One of the patient had multifocal epileptiform activity. [bioline.org.br]

The EEG of patients with MERRF usually exhibits variation in the degree of slowing of background activity and generalized epileptiform activity, which may worsen with intermittent [doi.org]

EEG was abnormal in six of the nine patients and demonstrated slowing of background activity with/without generalized epileptiform discharges. [bioline.org.br]

Seizure

Electroencephalogram (EEG) was negative for epileptiform activity. A diagnosis of seizure in the setting of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) was deemed probable. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Temporal epileptiform and nonepileptiform activities, mostly unilateral, were found in both groups. [dx.doi.org]

DISCUSSION Our data show that temporal interictal epileptiform and nonepileptiform activity occur equally in all age ranges. [dx.doi.org]

Hyponatremia

Hyponatremia Other names Hyponatraemia, low blood sodium, hyponatræmia Sodium Specialty Internal medicine Symptoms Decreased ability to think, headaches, nausea, poor balance, confusion, seizures, coma[1][2] Types Low volume, normal volume, high volume[3] Diagnostic method Serum sodium < 135 mmol/L[2] Differential[…] [en.wikipedia.org]

Traumatic Brain Injury

Yue JK 1, 2, Rick JW 1, 2, Morrissey MR 1, 2, Taylor SR 1, 2, Deng H 1, 2, Suen CG 1, 2, Vassar MJ 1, 2, Cnossen MC 3, Lingsma HF 3, Yuh EL 2, 3, Mukherjee P 2, 3, Gardner RC 4, 5, Valadka AB 6, Okonkwo DO 7, Cage TA 1, 2, Manley GT 1, 2 ; TRACK-TBI Investigators. Author information 1 Department of Neurological Surgery,[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acquired Epileptic Aphasia

Specific cutoff thresholds or measurement methods for epileptiform activity frequency have yet to be defined. [jcsm.aasm.org]

epileptiform activity on the patient are unclear. [emedicine.medscape.com]

activity (> 85%) during NREM sleep. [functionalneurology.com]

Hyperglycemia

Lasers Med Sci. 2018 Sep;33(7):1521-1526. doi: 10.1007/s10103-018-2511-z. Epub 2018 May 3. Author information 1 Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Skłodowskiej-Curie Street No 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland. krzyg@cm.umk.pl. 2[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Postictal State

Studies of chronic partial epilepsy show that interictal epileptiform activity is more frequent after seizures (postictal activation). 2 Sundaram et al. 3 reported an increased [nejm.org]

The most consistent risk factors for PP are evidence of bilateral or widespread CNS injury, including encephalitis, head injury, bilateral interictal epileptiform activity [dx.doi.org]

Although not common, forced normalization, with suppression of interictal epileptiform activity during PP, was associated with prolonged PP (≥12 weeks) in two patients ( 27 [dx.doi.org]

Focal Epilepsy - Speech Disorder - Mental Retardation

Specific cutoff thresholds or measurement methods for epileptiform activity frequency have yet to be defined. [jcsm.aasm.org]

epileptiform activity on the patient are unclear. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Overall, our study confirms previous findings about the preferential occurrence of epileptiform activity during CAP. [semmelweis.hu]

Kohlschütter-Tönz Syndrome

Electroencephalography (EEG) typically shows epileptiformic activities and a loss of normal background activities. [xpertdox.com]

[…] background activity that was abnormal, focal discharges over the temporal lobe, and multifocial epileptiform activity. [9] Several patients showed a loss of normal background [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] cerebellar in four individuals and basal ganglia has been evident through MRIs. [2] [7] Electroencephalography [ edit ] Electroencephalography (EEG) in one patient showed epileptiformic [en.wikipedia.org]

Rolandic Epilepsy

Abstract Benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE) and Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) are similar epilepsy syndromes with sleep-accentuated epileptiform activity, sporadic seizures, [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CONCLUSION: In RE, structural connectivity is reduced for several connections involving the rolandic regions, from which the epileptiform activity originates. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

“Our observations support the hypothesis that the inhibitory effects of epileptiform activity on the default mode of brain function affect cognition in epilepsy patients.” [medwirenews.com]

Limbic Encephalitis

Electroencephalography showed focal or generalized slowing and/or epileptiform activity, maximal in the temporal regions, in all 22 patients tested. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

During the prodrome of FBDS alone, patients had normal sodium and brain MRIs, but electroencephalography demonstrated ictal epileptiform activity in 7 patients (24%). [ndcn.ox.ac.uk]

Photosensitive Epilepsy

Left bottom: noise patterns do not elicit large gamma oscillations and are also unlikely to trigger epileptiform activity. Credit: Hermes et al. [popularmechanics.co.za]

See Hamandi (doi:10.1093/awx049) for a scientific commentary on this article.Photosensitivity is a condition in which lights induce epileptiform activities. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Right top: the same patterns that elicit gamma oscillations are also the most likely to evoke epileptiform activity and seizures in patients with photosensitive epilepsy. [popularmechanics.co.za]

Todd Paralysis

(Brain neoplasm) Introduction Definition generation of epileptiform activity in a focal brain region that does not cause any alteration in conciousness Etiology structural [medbullets.com]

The cerebral cortex is the only area from which epileptiform activity arises with any frequency. [dartmouth.edu]

An electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed left hemispheric slowing but no epileptiform activity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Focal Motor Seizure

If a seizure begins in the hand area, there may be spread of epileptiform activity rostrally and caudally. [78stepshealth.us]

The cerebral cortex is the only area from which epileptiform activity arises with any frequency. [dartmouth.edu]

Focal seizures refer to epileptiform activity starting in one area on one side of the brain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Generalized Epilepsy with Febrile Seizures Plus

Their father experienced one simple febrile seizure in infancy and two generalized tonic-clonic seizures after head trauma in adulthood, and had generalized epileptiform activity [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Her EEG at 2 years was reported as showing frequent left central epileptiform activity. [doi.org]

activity – A-II-1 38 yrs, 6 mths 10 mths 14 yrs GTCS, FS Nil Normal – 2 yrs: L central epileptiform 4 yrs: diffuse slowing, more marked over R central region 5 yrs: bilateral [doi.org]

Epilepsia Partialis Continua

In our exceptional case one-sided extremity twitches related to epileptiform activity in the ipsilateral frontal lobe. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] ictal activity which was followed by periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) from the right frontal lobe When the standard treatment with benzodiazepines and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

If a seizure begins in the hand area, there may be spread of epileptiform activity rostrally and caudally. [78stepshealth.us]

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 8

Generalized epileptiform activity Intermittent photic stimulation Negative 10 to 20 Hz provoked a photoparoxysmal response Negative 6 and 20 Hz provoked a photoparoxysmal [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

[…] fast spikes, polyspikes and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges Slow background activity, spike‐ and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges and multifocal spikes activated by non‐REM sleep [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Slow background activity mixed with low‐voltage fast activity, along with diffuse, irregular, spike‐ and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges Slow background activity and multifocal [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

The electro encephalogram revealed generalised polyspike and wave epileptiform activity with photosensitivity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Among nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages, EEG epileptiform activity was maximal during stages III and IV. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

SIGNIFICANCE: These findings implicated the abnormality of thalamomotor cortical network in JME which were associated with the genesis and propagation of epileptiform activity [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 3

EEG typically reveals epileptiform activity with predominance in the posterior region and photosensitivity. [orpha.net]

Generalized epileptiform discharges in 84.2% of patients, while focal discharges were present in ten patients. One of the patient had multifocal epileptiform activity. [bioline.org.br]

[…] in 94.6% and generalized epileptiform discharges in 81.1% of patients [Figure 1]a. [neurologyindia.com]

Hypothalamic Hamartoma

activity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Presurgical assessment with intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring recorded gelastic seizures with generalized epileptiform activity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In needle biopsy specimens of HH tissue, field potential recordings demonstrated spontaneous epileptiform activities similar to those observed in other etiologically distinct [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

TBC1D24-Related Disorders

Diffuse spread of ictal epileptiform activity with multiple spikes. [intechopen.com]

Ictal epileptiform activity in the frontal areas changes to the right-sided lateralization. [intechopen.com]

Ictal epileptiform activity involves neighboring regions and same areas of the right hemisphere, but with maintenance of left-sided lateralization. [intechopen.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 4

epileptiform activity on the patient are unclear. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Early-onset epileptic encephalopathies are characterized by severe seizures (often infantile spasms), very frequent interictal epileptiform activity on a disorganized EEG [n.neurology.org]

Diagnosis The interictal EEG reveals multifocal epileptiform activity and slowing. Diffuse slowing of the background activity. Few patients may have a normal EEG. [intechopen.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 19

epileptiform activity on the patient are unclear. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Early-onset epileptic encephalopathies are characterized by severe seizures (often infantile spasms), very frequent interictal epileptiform activity on a disorganized EEG [n.neurology.org]

Diagnosis The interictal EEG reveals multifocal epileptiform activity and slowing. Diffuse slowing of the background activity. Few patients may have a normal EEG. [intechopen.com]

Muscular Dystrophy-Dystroglycanopathy Type A10

The electroencephalogram is abnormal in this disorder and shows epileptiform activity. [tellmegen.com]

Muscular Dystrophy-Dystroglycanopathy Type A12

The electroencephalogram is abnormal in this disorder and shows epileptiform activity. [tellmegen.com]

Bilateral Polymicrogyria

Focal and generalized epileptiform activities are seen throughout life. [scielo.br]

Generalized epileptiform activity characterized by slow spike-and-wave complexes are seen mainly in the first decade of life. [scielo.br]

Epilepsy is frequently seen in patients with MCD and a characteristic EEG pattern consisting of rhythmic epileptiform activity has been described 17. [scielo.br]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 2

epileptiform activity on the patient are unclear. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Her EEG at 2 years was reported as showing frequent left central epileptiform activity. [dx.doi.org]

Diagnosis The interictal EEG reveals multifocal epileptiform activity and slowing. Diffuse slowing of the background activity. Few patients may have a normal EEG. [intechopen.com]

Muscular Dystrophy-Dystroglycanopathy Type A6

The electroencephalogram is abnormal in this disorder and shows epileptiform activity. [tellmegen.com]