Epistaxis: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Epistaxis

Some patients had associated pre-operative symptoms of snoring (57.3%), headache (48.0%), rhinorrhoea (38.7%), sneezing (30.7%), hyposmia (30.7%) and epistaxis (21.3%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A deviated nasal septum is quite common in the general population and is often asymptomatic, but some individuals can develop chronic nasal obstruction, recurrent epistaxis [symptoma.com]

Crusting around the margins and repeated epistaxis, which can be severe, may result. Small perforations may whistle. [msdmanuals.com]

Nasal Fracture

Symptoms and Signs Facial trauma resulting in epistaxis may indicate a nasal fracture. [msdmanuals.com]

Keywords: Internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm, sphenoid sinuses trauma, massive epistaxis [orli.or.id]

Acute nasal injury often occurs as a result of trauma and can lead to epistaxis, nasal fracture, or even nasal septal haematoma. [bmj.com]

Perforated Nasal Septum

Complications from nasal surgery Chronic epistaxis Aggressive digital nasal cleaning (nose picking) Nasal piercings Chemical inhalants Cocaine use Small anterior lesions may [inhealth.com]

Crusting around the margins and repeated epistaxis, which can be severe, may result. Small perforations may whistle. [msdmanuals.com]

However, some patients may present with a history of nasal obstruction, crusting, intermittent episodes of epistaxis, malodorous discharge from the nose, or a whistling sound [emedicine.medscape.com]

Neoplasm of Nasal Cavity

Patient presented with an increase in the frequency and severity of epistaxis of 2 weeks duration, which was seen on blowing the nose. [amhsjournal.org]

The patient remained well with no recurrence of epistaxis. [ajnr.org]

Intermittent episodes of epistaxis are also noted for two months. [omicsonline.org]

Nasal Vestibulitis

Epistaxis causes of nose bleed, bloody mucus & bleeding. [alicewkoblog.blogspot.com]

Epistaxis is, usually, mild and of quick resolution. [scielo.br]

[…] symptoms said they reported them to their provider, but only 41% of chart notes (for 16 patients) contained documentation of such, most frequently described as “allergies” or “epistaxis [ascopubs.org]

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia

We present a unique case report of a 4-year-old child with known Glanzmann thrombasthenia and two separate episodes of life-threatening epistaxis that were treated successfully [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The following case study focuses on a four-year-old boy who has a two-year history with intermittent epistaxis. [hematology.org]

Epistaxis can be severe, leading to iron deficiency anemia.(Table 1) Table 1. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Abstract: No optimal treatment modality is currently available for the treatment of recurrent epistaxis in HHT. [doi.org]

Recurrent, spontaneous epistaxis is the most common presenting symptom. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epistaxis is the most common and earliest symptom. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acquired Coagulation Factor Deficiency

[…] and gum bleeding Late vitamin K deficiency bleeding usually presents as mucosal haemorrhages. [2] Epistaxis is the bleeding from the nose and oral mucosal bleeding result [explainmedicine.com]

Common clinical signs include epistaxis, menorrhagia, oral cavity bleedings, mucosal bleeding, soft tissue bleeding, hemarthroses, easy bruising, and prolonged bleeding after [orpha.net]

Common symptoms Nosebleeds (epistaxis) Easy bruising Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) Bleeding into joints (hemarthrosis) Muscle bleeds Bleeding in the [haemophilia.ie]

Angiofibroma

This clinical record elucidates the only case of extra-nasopharyngeal angiofibroma arising from the septum in a female child, who presented with epistaxis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The nasal obstruction unilateral and later bilateral, unilateral and recurrent epistaxis are frequent symptoms. [head-and-neck-cancer-research.imedpub.com]

[…] nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is the most common benign tumour of the nasopharynx It is usually seen in males in the second decade of life and usually presents with recurrent profuse epistaxis [pgblazer.com]

Atrophic Rhinitis

That milieu facilitates acute and chronic infection (wet phase), and eventual sclerosis with epistaxis and chronic bloody crusts (dry phase). [doi.org]

Epistaxis (bleeding from nose) as these crusts are removed Signs Upon examination, following signs are revealed :- 1. [medicforyou.blogspot.com]

Diagnostic criteria include patient reported recurrent epistaxis or episodic anosmia; or physician documented nasal purulence, nasal crusting, chronic inflammatory disease [doi.org]

Nasal Foreign Body

Ivankovic's stepwise approach to managing epistaxis including the best local anesthetics, the use of ice to decrease nasal flow, who requires antibiotics, the management of [emergencymedicinecases.com]

[…] as was seen in our patient, who presented with nasal bruising and epistaxis secondary to a lithium battery lodged in the right nasal cavity. [consultant360.com]

Epistaxis can occur post removal. Click here for a guide to the management of epistaxis. [lifeinthefastlane.com]

Von Willebrand Disease

Summary Clinical description The disease manifests as mucocutaneous bleeding anomalies (menorrhagia, epistaxis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage etc. ). [orpha.net]

Epistaxis 1. Three or more bleeding episodes in a six-month period that required treatment with VWD concentrates or red cell transfusions. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Dosing for joint bleeding, epistaxis, and GI bleeding indications: 50 U RCo/kg once per week, 50 U RCo/kg twice per week, or 50 U RCo/kg three times per week. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

[…] by extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue, mucous membranes or skin; it generates bleeding manifestations as ecchymotic lesions, petechiae of sudden onset, epistaxis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Moderate: – More severe skin and mucosal lesions – More troublesome epistaxis and menorrhagia 1/25/2015 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Prof.Dr. [slideshare.net]

An 11-year-old boy presented with epistaxis, petechial hemorrhages, easy bruising, and purpuric rash. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Factor VII Deficiency

FVIID was diagnosed for the first time in a 23-year-old pregnant woman at the 24th week of gestation due to complaint of intermittent epistaxis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Its clinical features are rather variable and ranges from epistaxis to massive intracranial haemorrhage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The symptoms listed in order of frequency were as follows: epistaxis, petechia or ecchymose, easy bruising, and oral cavity bleeding. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hereditary Factor X Deficiency

Patients may experience severe umbilical cord stump bleeding, recurrent epistaxis, soft-tissue hemorrhages, menorrhagia, easy bruising, hematuria, hemarthroses and excessive [orpha.net]

[…] in Patients With (HHT) Conditions : Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT); Epistaxis Interventions : Drug: Floseal; Other: Packing Sponsors : St. [haemophiliacentral.org]

See Bleeding Symptoms of Rare Clotting Factor Deficiencies Common symptoms nosebleeds (epistaxis) easy bruising bleeding in the gut (gastrointestinal hemorrhage) bleeding [wfh.org]

Aspirin-induced Platelet Defect

[…] defect Aggregation defect P2YR12 n/a Bernard-Soulier syndrome Adhesion disorder with deficiency or dysfunction of platelet glycoprotein Ib/IX/V complex GP1BA, GP1BB, GP9 Epistaxis [arupconsult.com]

ENT review did not reveal a structural cause for the epistaxis. She then had a partial response to fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate. [medcraveonline.com]

Clinical manifestations usually include purpura, epistaxis, menorrhagia, gingival and gastrointestinal bleeding. [askhematologist.com]

Thrombocytopenia

The patient was admitted to hematology service with epistaxis, ecchymoses, fever, thrombocytopenia (0.6 x 103/μL) and anemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patients may notice petechiae or mucosal bleeding (e.g., bleeding gums, epistaxis) at lower platelet counts. [amboss.com]

It presents in infancy or in neonates (in severe cases) with patients bruising easily along with further manifestations of thrombocytopenia including epistaxis, petechiae, [enerca.org]

Acquired Factor XIII Deficiency

GI and GU bleeds, menorrhagia from first cycle) most common autosomal dominant inheritance problem: deficiency (not abset) vWF mild bleeding, menorrhagia in F, epistaxis [quizlet.com]

See Bleeding Symptoms of Rare Clotting Factor Deficiencies Common symptoms nosebleeds (epistaxis) easy bruising heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) bleeding [wfh.org]

Clinical features included excessive bleeding from umbilical stump, bruising, post-traumatic bleeding, epistaxis, melaena and intracerebral bleeding. [jpma.org.pk]

Bleeding Diathesis

Correction of the bleeding diathesis to control the epistaxis required treatment of the tumour with chemotherapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epistaxis is a common and difficult problem to manage in patients with bleeding disorders. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Presenting symptoms in rare inherited platelet disorders were purpura, ecchymosis, epistaxis and bleeding gums, respectively. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chronic Granulomatous Rhinitis

Clinical signs related to Bartonella infection in dogs: Endocarditis Myocarditis Anaemia Hepatitis Polyarthritis Uveitis, choroiditis Weight loss Epistaxis [cvbd.org]

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, known for the triad of respiratory tract granulomas, systemic vasculitis and glomerulonephritis, commonly produces nasal symptoms of crusting, epistaxis [my.clevelandclinic.org]

Epistaxis Diagnostics : No specific diagnostic test is indicated. Treatment : No form of treatment can completely eliminate symptoms. [amboss.com]

Nasal Polyp

In the previous video, we discussed “epistaxis” Nosebleed (epistaxis) can be anterior or posterior: https://youtu.be/rvlhIPtbsU8 Anterior epistaxis is more common whereas [youtube.com]

A 27-year-old female patient presented with a three-month history of unilateral right-sided nasal obstruction and recurrent mild epistaxis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 29-year-old woman who had right-sided nasal purulent discharge, nasal obstruction, intermittent epistaxis, and posterior nasal drip for 6 months was admitted to our department [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lethal Midline Granuloma

The patients complain of rhinorrhea, epistaxis, nasal stuffiness, obstruction and pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

At six months follow-up the mass had slightly reduced in size, there was relief from episodes of epistaxis and nasal discharge had stopped. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There was no history of epistaxis, anosmia, post nasal drip, oral bleed or cough. Right sided cervical and submandibular lymphadenopathy was observed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

CASE REPORT A 67-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of episodes of epistaxis and recurrent severe sinusitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Upper respiratory tract: Sinus pain, serosanguineous or purulent discharge, and epistaxis may occur. [merckmanuals.com]

To the Editor: A 52-year-old woman with a history of arthralgia, rhinitis, sinusitis, and episodic epistaxis was admitted to the hospital with multiple nonhealing severe leg [mdedge.com]

Hypertensive Crisis

Hypertensive urgencies frequently present with headache (22%), epistaxis (17%), faintness, and psychomotor agitation (10%) and hypertensive emergencies frequently present [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] for use in children less than 6 years; however, its safety and efficacy are widely accepted, and it is in widespread use in children prior to procedures that may lead to epistaxis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

[…] lesions and more troublesome epistaxis or menorrhagia Bleeding episodes (epistaxis, melena, menorrhagia and/or intracranial hemorrhage) requiring hospital admission Management [cps.ca]

The most common adverse events were headache (37%), nasopharyngitis (32%), contusion (30%), epistaxis (30%), fatigue (30%), arthralgia (25%), and diarrhea (25%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Clinical symptoms were petechiae or bruise(99.1%), epistaxis(34.0%) gastrointestinal bleeding(27.7%), hematuria(8.9%), and gum or oral mucosal bleeding(5.4%). [ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr]

Orbital Floor Fracture

[…] following initial swelling and proptosis Patient reports feeling of pressure in orbit when attempting to blow nose Facial anesthesia due to entrapment of the infraorbital nerve Epistaxis [learningradiology.com]

[…] and swelling around the eye; redness of the eye; double vision, or diplopia (seeing two images at the same time); numbness of the cheek, nose or teeth; and nose bleeds (epistaxis [aapos.org]

[…] symptoms — pain (especially on vertical movement), local tenderness, diplopia (especially on vertical gaze), eyelid swelling and crepitus after nose blowing Examination: epistaxis [lifeinthefastlane.com]

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare immunodeficiency disease with a characteristic phenotype that includes: X-linked recessive petechiae, bloody diarrhea, epistaxis due [radiopaedia.org]

Associations splenic hamartoma infantile cortical hyperostosis 3 It has a characteristic phenotype that includes: petechiae, bloody diarrhea and epistaxis due to thrombocytopenia [radiopaedia.org]

In most cases the first clinical features are hemorrhagic manifestations with petechiae, bruising, purpura, epistaxis, oral bleeding, bloody diarrhea and intracranial bleeding [orpha.net]

Acute Sinusitis

No serious adverse events or complications related to treatment were reported; however, more mild adverse events such as nasal and throat irritation, mild epistaxis, and sneezing [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Adverse events Study ID Cyclamen europaeum Placebo Pfaar 2012 67% total 50% nasal irritation mild/moderate 27% mild epistaxis 4% sneezing 3 discontinued treatment 29% total [cochranelibrary.com]

[…] sneezing; rebound congestion Available over the counter Oxymetazoline 0.05% (Afrin) Phenylephrine 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% Intranasal corticosteroids Beclomethasone (Beconase AQ) Epistaxis [aafp.org]

Mycotoxin T2 Exposure

[…] survives these initial stages, the next set of symptoms are painful pharyngeal/laryngeal ulceration and diffuse bleeding into the skin, bloody diarrhea, hematuria, hematemesis, epistaxis [mycotoxintestinglab.com]

When inhaled, the symptoms include itching and pain, sneezing, epistaxis (bleeding from the nose) and rhinorrhea. [firehouse.com]

Coagulation Abnormalities

About fifty percent of the patients presenting with severe epistaxis, have a hemostasis disorders. [tkbbv.org.tr]

Although clinical features of inherited and acquired disorders may overlap, mucocutaneous bleeding (e.g., epistaxis, petechiae, gastrointestinal bleeding) is associated more [amboss.com]

Bleeding may occur also from the same lesions seen in the general population such as peptic ulcer, epistaxis, gingivorrhagia, bruising or from invasive procedures. [elsevier.es]