Possible Causes for Esotropia Strabismus © 2001-2016 Esotropia (inward turning of the eyes) Congenital Esotropia Infantile Esotropia Esotropia with Amblyopia Accommodative Esotropia Partially Accommodative Esotropia [strabismus.org] Esotropia Infantile Esotropia Congenital Esotropia Accommodative Esotropia Exotropia Intermittent Exotropia Hypertropia Duane's Syndrome Associated Conditions: Amblyopia Anisometropia [strabismus.org] Esotropia Congenital Esotropia "Congenital" means from birth and, using this strict definition, most infants are born with eyes that are not aligned at birth. [strabismus.org] Esotropia The esotropia may present at birth although, in many cases, the esotropia is acquired during the first six months of life. [wrighteyecare.com] Constant esotropia was diagnosed if on initial examination an esotropia greater than 8 ? [healio.com] © 2001-2016 Esotropia (inward turning of the eyes) Congenital Esotropia Infantile Esotropia Esotropia with Amblyopia Accommodative Esotropia Partially Accommodative Esotropia [strabismus.org] Alternating Exotropia Eye exercises for esotropia are designed to strengthen and straighten out your eye or eyes that have been effected by esotropia. [livestrong.com] Esotropia Synonyms This misaligned condition of the eye is also referred to as: Picture 1 – Esotropia Convergent strabismus Cross-eye Esotropia Types The condition varies [primehealthchannel.com] Esotropia also comes in different subtypes: constant esotropia: eye is turned inward at all times intermittent esotropia: eye turns inward but not all the time With esotropia [healthline.com] Abducens Nerve Palsy RESULTS: A total of 13 patients were included, all of whom had an esotropia with profound abduction deficit (-4 or more). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Primary outcome measures were esotropia in primary position and abduction deficit. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] […] dc.subject.other Esotropia en_US dc.subject.other Gradenigo's Syndrome en_US dc.subject.other Unilateral Sixth Nerve Palsy en_US dc.subject.other Sixth Nerve Palsy en_US [repository.countway.harvard.edu] Esophoria esotropia. [healio.com] […] of Accommodative Esotropia. [eyewiki.aao.org] Accommodative esotropia or convergence excess Kelly A. [healio.com] Amblyopia Pigmentation may be one parameter because Caucasians are at higher risk for esotropia than non-whites. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] 0.325 0.000 0.000 Foveal Total Surgery 3 48 F 106 L esotropia 0.475 0.000 0.000 Foveal Central Patching/surgery 4 38 M 114 R esotropia 0.125 −0.150 −0.150 Foveal Central [doi.org] These findings indicate that shrinkage of ocular dominance columns does not occur in humans with amblyopia caused by accommodative esotropia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Trochlear Nerve Paralysis Loss of the tertiary abducting action causes a V-pattern esotropia (esotropia greater in downgaze) in half of patients (2). ( Video, “congenital IV palsy” ) Bilateral IV nerve [neuroophthalmology.ca] […] the eye : inability to depress and adduct the eyeball simultaneously (the pupil shoots upward during attempted adduction of the eyeball) Diplopia ( double vision ) Mild esotropia [amboss.com] Additionally, a small esotropia may be found on down gaze as the superior oblique is also a weak abductor. [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu] Williams-Beuren Syndrome […] syndrome and the hereditary form of infantile esotropia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] The types of strabismus would include infantile esotropia, dissociated vertical deviation, and oblique dysfunction. [aapos.org] In a study of 152 patients, Winter et al found that 54% had strabismus and almost all had esotropia. [aao.org] Prader-Willi Syndrome Strabismus was present in 25 (54%) patients: 22 (48%) patients had esotropia and three (7%) had exotropia. Nine patients either received or required strabismus surgery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] He had bilateral gynecomastia [Figure 1]a], decreased biparietal diameter, almond shaped eyes [Figure 1]b] with esotropia. [jfmpc.com] […] or sleep apnea Short stature by age 15 years (based on the individual family) Hypopigmentation Hands and feet small for height/age Narrow hands with straight ulnar border Esotropia [arupconsult.com] Autosomal Recessive Ocular Coloboma [from OMIM] Show allHide all Abnormality of the eye Cataract Coloboma of optic nerve Esotropia Exotropia Hypertropia Iris coloboma Lens subluxation Nystagmus Reduced visual [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Slit-lamp exam of both eyes disclosed bilateral leukocoria and 30 prism diopters of alternating esotropia (Figure 1A). [retinatoday.com] Syn. blind spot esotropia; syndrome, blind spot. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com] Ophthalmoplegia Ophthalmologic examination is significant for left esotropia and mild bilateral hypertropia. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org] The clinical arguments are unconvincing, since mild VI nerve palsies may not create a primary position esotropia, and dissociated adduction nystagmus can be associated with [neuroophthalmology.ca] […] compensatory contra lateral head tilt, while abducens (VI) nerve palsy was considered if the ophthalmologist indicated that the patient had binocular horizontal diplopia and esotropia [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com] Albinism At age 2 months, nystagmus and esotropia prompted ophthalmic evaluation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] In the case of esotropia or “crossed eyes,” surgery may help vision by expanding the visual field (the area that the eyes can see while looking at one point). [albinism.org] In the case of esotropia or "crossed eyes," surgery may help vision by expanding the visual field, that is, the area that the eyes can see while looking a one point. [verslo.is] Trisomy 21 Nystagmus was related to myopia and esotropia, and to heart disease and heart operations. [dx.doi.org] Results: Ocular findings included nystagmus (29.2%), esotropia (26.1%), epiphora (21.5%), Brushfield spots (16.9%), lens opacities (12.3%), abnormalities of the retinal vessels [dx.doi.org] Cerebral Palsy Kolling, Best age for surgery for infantile esotropia, European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 15, 3, (205), (2011). [doi.org] Laurence Moon Syndrome Little angle esotropia of OS was present. [healio.com] Leber Congenital Amaurosis 0.01 Hyperopia (+5.0 OD, +4.0 OS) Granular fundus (salt-and-pepper pigmentation); macula and optic disc normal Nondetectable (1 year) NA 12786 F 15 Normal 0.30/0.30 (20/70) Esotropia [iovs.arvojournals.org] Retinitis Pigmentosa Background The name retinitis pigmentosa (RP) was first applied by Dr Donders in 1857. It is the phenotypic description of several related, yet distinct, hereditary, progressive dystrophies of the photoreceptors of the retina and of the pigment epithelium (which lies just underneath the photoreceptors). Patients[…] [patient.info] Eye Muscle Disorder Reoperations for esotropia. J Ped Ophthalmol and Strab. 1987; 24(3):136-140. 6. Mims, et al. Variability of strabismus surgery for acquired esotropia. [vision-therapy-pa.com] Esotropia The most common type of strabismus is esotropia, which occurs when either one or both eyes turn in toward the nose. Some children are born with this condition. [shileyeye.ucsd.edu] The strabismus exam showing a small-angle, incomitant esotropia (ET) that increases on lateral and down gaze. [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu] Exotropia Symptoms of Esotropia and Exotropia Esotropia and exotropia can be intermittent or constant. [childrensnational.org] Esotropia Dr. David J. [drdavidjcasperandassociates.com] What Are Esotropia and Exotropia? Esotropia and exotropia are types of strabismus, which is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned. [childrensnational.org] Benign Abducens Nerve Palsy DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ESOTROPIA Not all esotropias are VI nerve palsies. Both comitant and non-comitant esotropia have many etiologies. [neuroophthalmology.ca] Esotropia in Primary Position and Mild Abduction Deficit on Left Gaze. [healio.com] The nerve dysfunction induces esotropia, a convergent squint on distance fixation. [en.wikipedia.org] Bencze Syndrome Abstract This is the second report of a dominantly inherited syndrome of facial asymmetry, esotropia, and amblyopia (Bencze syndrome). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] ASearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1979 Citations: 6 Abstract This is the second report of a dominantly inherited syndrome of facial asymmetry, esotropia [onlinelibrary.wiley.com] Bencze syndrome - syndrome characterized by cleft palate, amblyopia, esotropia, hemifacial hyperplasia. Synonym(s): hemifacial hyperplasia with strabismus [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com] Vertical Heterotropia A V-pattern results in greater exotropia (or less esotropia) in upgaze and greater esotropia (or less exotropia) in downgaze. [emedicine.medscape.com] |Incomitant esotropia (disorder)|Intermittent squint|Intermittent tropia|Intermittent tropia (disorder)|Intermittent vertical heterotropia|Intermittent vertical heterotropia [averbis.com] In V-pattern esotropia, the medial rectus muscle was believed to overact, thereby increasing esotropia in downgaze, and, in V-pattern exotropia, the lateral rectus muscle [emedicine.medscape.com] Exophoria Pagina 16 - Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group: The clinical spectrum of early-onset esotropia: experience of the Congenital Esotropia Observational Study. [books.google.ro] Infantile (Congenital) Esotropia 1-2% of children have the eye turn, infantile esotropia. [optometrists.org] Divergent, non-paralytic squint is less common than esotropia, particularly in infancy and childhood, and increases with age. Amblyopia is rare. [gpnotebook.co.uk] Duane Retraction Syndrome RESULTS: Three children had non-syndromic large-angle infantile esotropia without significant hyperopia. A fourth child had left esotropic Duane retraction syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Therefore, the diagnosis of infantile esotropia or Ciancia syndrome would be inappropriate. [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com] To assess the efficacy of lateral rectus resection with medial rectus recession in the affected eye of patients with Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) with esotropia and limited [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Noncomitant Strabismus […] infantile esotropia. [dokumen.tips] A-pattern esotropia has been associated with both flat lid margins and eyes in which lateral canthi are higher than medial canthi, producing a mongoloid appearance. [emedicine.medscape.com] See: A-esotropia, V-esotropia, A-exotropia, V-exotropia. (05 Mar 2000) accommodative strabismus Strabismus in which the severity of deviation varies with accommodation. (05 [kmle.co.kr] Familial Congenital Palsy of Trochlear Nerve Acute acquired comitant esotropia: a prospective study. Eye. 1999 Oct;13 ( Pt 5):617-20. Broadway DC, Lyons CJ, McGillivray BC. [ubcneuroophthalmology.ca] Bilateral asymmetric congenital fourth nerve palsy and esotropia. [guwsmedical.info] Attempted upgaze showing limitation OU with OS unable to reach midline and with development of an esotropia. E. [slideshare.net] Congenital Abducens Nerve Palsy esotropia. [patient.info] Discussion The term congenital esotropia is often used interchangeably with infantile esotropia, but few cases are actually noted at birth. [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu] DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ESOTROPIA Not all esotropias are VI nerve palsies. Both comitant and non-comitant esotropia have many etiologies. [neuroophthalmology.ca] Ocular Palsy 1.5 times more than esotropia. [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com] Results: Gaze induced intermittent esotropia resolved with carbamazepine. Surgery was performed to improve the patient’s RXT and RHT. [tandf.figshare.com] V-pattern esotropia V-esotropia is the most frequent pattern strabismus and is usually associated with infantile esotropia and inferior oblique overaction or with bilateral [jpss.eu] Disorder of Refraction and Accommodation A large amount of hyperopia may require correction with glasses, particularly when associated with crossed eyes (accommodative esotropia). [jec.co.id] Ophthalmoparesis — the partial or total paralysis of the eye muscles (H49.4) Progressive external ophthalmoplegia — weakness of the external eye muscles (H50.0, H50.3) Esotropia [wikidoc.org] […] point in the same direction Ophthalmoparesis — the partial or total paralysis of the eye muscles Progressive external ophthalmoplegia — weakness of the external eye muscles Esotropia [doctors-hospitals-medical-cape-town-south-africa.blaauwberg.net] Parinaud Syndrome Postoperatively the torsion was significantly corrected, and the patient had a moderate residual esotropia in primary gaze. [eyerounds.org] It has less commonly been associated with spasm of accommodation on attempted upward gaze, pseudoabducens palsy (also known as thalamic esotropia) or slower movements of the [en.wikipedia.org] A ‘V’ pattern esotropia is seen. Alternating hypertropia is seen in the horizontal side gazes. There is also underdepression on adduction in both eyes. [eyerounds.org]
