Esotropia: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Esotropia

© 2001-2016 Esotropia (inward turning of the eyes) Congenital Esotropia Infantile Esotropia Esotropia with Amblyopia Accommodative Esotropia Partially Accommodative Esotropia [strabismus.org]

Esotropia Infantile Esotropia Congenital Esotropia Accommodative Esotropia Exotropia Intermittent Exotropia Hypertropia Duane's Syndrome Associated Conditions: Amblyopia Anisometropia [strabismus.org]

Esotropia Congenital Esotropia "Congenital" means from birth and, using this strict definition, most infants are born with eyes that are not aligned at birth. [strabismus.org]

Esotropia

Accommodative esotropia is the most common pediatric strabismus and must be differentiated from other pediatric esotropias. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] accommodative esotropia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

To our knowledge, this is the first report of accommodative esotropia decompensating into a cyclic esotropia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Alternating Exotropia

Eye exercises for esotropia are designed to strengthen and straighten out your eye or eyes that have been effected by esotropia. [livestrong.com]

Esotropia Synonyms This misaligned condition of the eye is also referred to as: Picture 1 – Esotropia Convergent strabismus Cross-eye Esotropia Types The condition varies [primehealthchannel.com]

Esotropia also comes in different subtypes: constant esotropia: eye is turned inward at all times intermittent esotropia: eye turns inward but not all the time With esotropia [healthline.com]

Abducens Nerve Palsy

RESULTS: A total of 13 patients were included, all of whom had an esotropia with profound abduction deficit (-4 or more). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Primary outcome measures were esotropia in primary position and abduction deficit. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Success was defined as a distance esotropia of no more than 10(Delta) in the primary position. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Esophoria

[…] of Accommodative Esotropia. [eyewiki.aao.org]

esotropia. [healio.com]

Differential diagnosis Decompensated esophoria/intermittent esotropia Infantile esotropia Pseudoesotropia Acquired non-accommodative esotropia Cranial Nerve VI palsy Duane [eyewiki.aao.org]

Amblyopia

Pigmentation may be one parameter because Caucasians are at higher risk for esotropia than non-whites. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

0.325 0.000 0.000 Foveal Total Surgery 3 48 F 106 L esotropia 0.475 0.000 0.000 Foveal Central Patching/surgery 4 38 M 114 R esotropia 0.125 −0.150 −0.150 Foveal Central [doi.org]

These findings indicate that shrinkage of ocular dominance columns does not occur in humans with amblyopia caused by accommodative esotropia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Trochlear Nerve Paralysis

Loss of the tertiary abducting action causes a V-pattern esotropia (esotropia greater in downgaze) in half of patients (2). ( Video, “congenital IV palsy” ) Bilateral IV nerve [neuroophthalmology.ca]

[…] the eye : inability to depress and adduct the eyeball simultaneously (the pupil shoots upward during attempted adduction of the eyeball) Diplopia ( double vision ) Mild esotropia [amboss.com]

Additionally, a small esotropia may be found on down gaze as the superior oblique is also a weak abductor. [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]

Williams-Beuren Syndrome

[…] syndrome and the hereditary form of infantile esotropia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In a study of 152 patients, Winter et al found that 54% had strabismus and almost all had esotropia. [aao.org]

The types of strabismus would include infantile esotropia, dissociated vertical deviation, and oblique dysfunction. [aapos.org]

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Strabismus was present in 25 (54%) patients: 22 (48%) patients had esotropia and three (7%) had exotropia. Nine patients either received or required strabismus surgery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

He had bilateral gynecomastia [Figure 1]a], decreased biparietal diameter, almond shaped eyes [Figure 1]b] with esotropia. [jfmpc.com]

[…] or sleep apnea Short stature by age 15 years (based on the individual family) Hypopigmentation Hands and feet small for height/age Narrow hands with straight ulnar border Esotropia [arupconsult.com]

Autosomal Recessive Ocular Coloboma

[from OMIM] Show allHide all Abnormality of the eye Cataract Coloboma of optic nerve Esotropia Exotropia Hypertropia Iris coloboma Lens subluxation Nystagmus Reduced visual [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Slit-lamp exam of both eyes disclosed bilateral leukocoria and 30 prism diopters of alternating esotropia (Figure 1A). [retinatoday.com]

Syn. blind spot esotropia; syndrome, blind spot. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Ophthalmoplegia

Ophthalmologic examination is significant for left esotropia and mild bilateral hypertropia. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

The clinical arguments are unconvincing, since mild VI nerve palsies may not create a primary position esotropia, and dissociated adduction nystagmus can be associated with [neuroophthalmology.ca]

[…] compensatory contra lateral head tilt, while abducens (VI) nerve palsy was considered if the ophthalmologist indicated that the patient had binocular horizontal diplopia and esotropia [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

Albinism

At age 2 months, nystagmus and esotropia prompted ophthalmic evaluation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In the case of esotropia or “crossed eyes,” surgery may help vision by expanding the visual field (the area that the eyes can see while looking at one point). [albinism.org]

In the case of esotropia or "crossed eyes," surgery may help vision by expanding the visual field, that is, the area that the eyes can see while looking a one point. [verslo.is]

Trisomy 21

Nystagmus was related to myopia and esotropia, and to heart disease and heart operations. [dx.doi.org]

Results: Ocular findings included nystagmus (29.2%), esotropia (26.1%), epiphora (21.5%), Brushfield spots (16.9%), lens opacities (12.3%), abnormalities of the retinal vessels [dx.doi.org]

Laurence Moon Syndrome

Little angle esotropia of OS was present. [healio.com]

Cerebral Palsy

Kolling, Best age for surgery for infantile esotropia, European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 15, 3, (205), (2011). [doi.org]

Leber Congenital Amaurosis

0.01 Hyperopia (+5.0 OD, +4.0 OS) Granular fundus (salt-and-pepper pigmentation); macula and optic disc normal Nondetectable (1 year) NA 12786 F 15 Normal 0.30/0.30 (20/70) Esotropia [iovs.arvojournals.org]

Retinitis Pigmentosa

RATIONALE: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases; X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is the most serious type. Mutations in RP GTPase regulator (RPGR) account for over 70% of patients with XLRP. PATIENT CONCERNS: We report a Chinese family with RP, 5 males[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Eye Muscle Disorder

Reoperations for esotropia. J Ped Ophthalmol and Strab. 1987; 24(3):136-140. 6. Mims, et al. Variability of strabismus surgery for acquired esotropia. [vision-therapy-pa.com]

adult strabismus, accommodative esotropia, alternating esotropia, congenital esotropia, accommodative esotropia, esophoria, exophoria, exotropia, exotropic, esotropic, hyperphoria [children-special-needs.org]

Esotropia The most common type of strabismus is esotropia, which occurs when either one or both eyes turn in toward the nose. Some children are born with this condition. [shileyeye.ucsd.edu]

Exotropia

Esotropia Dr. David J. [drdavidjcasperandassociates.com]

Symptoms of Esotropia and Exotropia Esotropia and exotropia can be intermittent or constant. [childrensnational.org]

What Are Esotropia and Exotropia? Esotropia and exotropia are types of strabismus, which is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned. [childrensnational.org]

Benign Abducens Nerve Palsy

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ESOTROPIA Not all esotropias are VI nerve palsies. Both comitant and non-comitant esotropia have many etiologies. [neuroophthalmology.ca]

Esotropia in Primary Position and Mild Abduction Deficit on Left Gaze. [healio.com]

The nerve dysfunction induces esotropia, a convergent squint on distance fixation. [en.wikipedia.org]

Bencze Syndrome

Abstract This is the second report of a dominantly inherited syndrome of facial asymmetry, esotropia, and amblyopia (Bencze syndrome). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

ASearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1979 Citations: 6 Abstract This is the second report of a dominantly inherited syndrome of facial asymmetry, esotropia [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Bencze syndrome - syndrome characterized by cleft palate, amblyopia, esotropia, hemifacial hyperplasia. Synonym(s): hemifacial hyperplasia with strabismus [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Vertical Heterotropia

A V-pattern results in greater exotropia (or less esotropia) in upgaze and greater esotropia (or less exotropia) in downgaze. [emedicine.medscape.com]

In V-pattern esotropia, the medial rectus muscle was believed to overact, thereby increasing esotropia in downgaze, and, in V-pattern exotropia, the lateral rectus muscle [emedicine.medscape.com]

Exophoria

Pagina 16 - Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group: The clinical spectrum of early-onset esotropia: experience of the Congenital Esotropia Observational Study. [books.google.ro]

Infantile (Congenital) Esotropia 1-2% of children have the eye turn, infantile esotropia. [optometrists.org]

Divergent, non-paralytic squint is less common than esotropia, particularly in infancy and childhood, and increases with age. Amblyopia is rare. [gpnotebook.co.uk]

Duane Retraction Syndrome

RESULTS: Three children had non-syndromic large-angle infantile esotropia without significant hyperopia. A fourth child had left esotropic Duane retraction syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

To assess the efficacy of lateral rectus resection with medial rectus recession in the affected eye of patients with Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) with esotropia and limited [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Subjects who became exotropic after MR muscle recession had significantly less esotropia at near (5.2(Δ) ± 6.5(Δ) vs 18.4 (Δ) ± 7.9(Δ) esotropia, respectively; P = 0.005) [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Noncomitant Strabismus

[…] infantile esotropia. [dokumen.tips]

A-pattern esotropia has been associated with both flat lid margins and eyes in which lateral canthi are higher than medial canthi, producing a mongoloid appearance. [emedicine.medscape.com]

See: A-esotropia, V-esotropia, A-exotropia, V-exotropia. (05 Mar 2000) accommodative strabismus Strabismus in which the severity of deviation varies with accommodation. (05 [kmle.co.kr]

Congenital Abducens Nerve Palsy

esotropia. [patient.info]

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ESOTROPIA Not all esotropias are VI nerve palsies. Both comitant and non-comitant esotropia have many etiologies. [neuroophthalmology.ca]

Discussion The term congenital esotropia is often used interchangeably with infantile esotropia, but few cases are actually noted at birth. [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]

Familial Congenital Palsy of Trochlear Nerve

Bilateral asymmetric congenital fourth nerve palsy and esotropia. [guwsmedical.info]

Acute acquired comitant esotropia: a prospective study. Eye. 1999 Oct;13 ( Pt 5):617-20. Broadway DC, Lyons CJ, McGillivray BC. [ubcneuroophthalmology.ca]

Attempted upgaze showing limitation OU with OS unable to reach midline and with development of an esotropia. E. [slideshare.net]

Ocular Palsy

1.5 times more than esotropia. [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

Results: Gaze induced intermittent esotropia resolved with carbamazepine. Surgery was performed to improve the patient’s RXT and RHT. [tandf.figshare.com]

V-pattern esotropia V-esotropia is the most frequent pattern strabismus and is usually associated with infantile esotropia and inferior oblique overaction or with bilateral [jpss.eu]

Disorder of Refraction and Accommodation

A large amount of hyperopia may require correction with glasses, particularly when associated with crossed eyes (accommodative esotropia). [jec.co.id]

Ophthalmoparesis — the partial or total paralysis of the eye muscles (H49.4) Progressive external ophthalmoplegia — weakness of the external eye muscles (H50.0, H50.3) Esotropia [wikidoc.org]

[…] point in the same direction Ophthalmoparesis — the partial or total paralysis of the eye muscles Progressive external ophthalmoplegia — weakness of the external eye muscles Esotropia [doctors-hospitals-medical-cape-town-south-africa.blaauwberg.net]

Parinaud Syndrome

Postoperatively the torsion was significantly corrected, and the patient had a moderate residual esotropia in primary gaze. [eyerounds.org]

อาการมักมี bilateral papilledema ร่วมด้วย บางครั้งอาจพบ(ไม่บ่อย) ว่ามี -spasm of accommodation เมื่อผู้ป่วยพยายามกลอกตามองบน -pseudoabducens palsy (also known as thalamic esotropia [neurologycoffecup.wordpress.com]

A ‘V’ pattern esotropia is seen. Alternating hypertropia is seen in the horizontal side gazes. There is also underdepression on adduction in both eyes. [eyerounds.org]