Fetal Overgrowth: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Fetal Overgrowth

Abstract With the advent of prenatal sonography, fetal overgrowth can be easily detected. [unboundmedicine.com]

With the advent of prenatal sonography, fetal overgrowth can be easily detected. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prenatal ultrasound examination can detect disproportionate fetal overgrowth, while elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels may also be useful to suspect SGBS [orpha.net]

Congenital Malformation Syndromes Involving Early Overgrowth

Fetal overgrowth was first noted at 21 weeks of gestation. Repeated amniocentesis was performed at 22 weeks of gestation. [tmu.pure.elsevier.com]

The present case provides evidence for prenatal overgrowth, craniosynostosis, and characteristic facial dysmorphism in association with a duplication of 15q26.2→q26.3 and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Polyhydramnios, fetal overgrowth, andmacrocephaly: prenatal ultrasound findings of Costello syndrome. [documents.tips]

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

Research findings may help identify genes that trigger BWS in humans Humans and cattle share a similar epigenetic fetal overgrowth disorder that occurs more commonly following [news-medical.net]

In SGBS, fetal overgrowth is almost universal. In BWS, fetal growth may be nearly normal until the antenatal period. [forgottendiseases.org]

Differential diagnosis Fetal overgrowth syndromes - eg, Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, Perlman syndrome, Costello syndrome. Glycogen storage disorders - type 0 or 1. [patient.info]

Autosomal Recessive Cutis Laxa Type 1B

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Simpson-Golabi-Behmel Syndrome Type 2

Overgrowth Generalized overgrowth, Fetal overgrowth, General overgrowth [more] Excessive postnatal growth which may comprise increased weight, increased length, and/or increased [rarediseases.oscar.ncsu.edu]

The ultrasound examination indicated the overgrowth of fetal: fetal estimated weight 743 g was in 99.9 percentile (+3.28 SD), biparietal diameter 62 mm in 98.9 percentile [journals.lww.com]

Fetal overgrowth and numerous congenital malformations can be detected in every trimester of pregnancy. [karger.com]

Mosaic Trisomy 12

This case suggests the possibility of an association of genes present in the 12p region with fetal overgrowth, considering that chromosomal duplications could lead to an increase [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Congenital overgrowth and neonatal overgrowth have been frequently linked to Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS; OMIM 601803). [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Anton Syndrome

[…] syndrome (BWS), characterized by fetal overgrowth and a high risk of tumors, and Russell-Silver syndrome (RSS) characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction [hal.archives-ouvertes.fr]

The human imprinted 11p15 region is crucial for the control of fetal growth and LOI at this locus is associated with two clinical disorders with opposite phenotypes: Beckwith-Wiedemann [hal.archives-ouvertes.fr]

9q22.3 Microdeletion

However, prenatal diagnosis and the description of fetal imaging studies have not been reported to date. [docksci.com]

CLINICAL REPORT Diagnosis of 9q22.3 Microdeletion Syndrome In Utero Following Identification of Craniosynostosis, Overgrowth, and Skeletal Anomalies Sara Chadwick Reichert [docksci.com]

Mononen-Karnes-Senac Syndrome

Pallister-Killian Syndrome

The Hydrops fetalis, hygroma coli or increased nuchal translucency (INT), fetal overgrowth, ventriculomegaly and presence of a sacral appendix are less common. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although ultrasound anomalies such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia, polyhydramnios and rhizomelic micromelia in association with fetal overgrowth are very suggestive of [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The Hydrops fetalis, hygroma coli or increased nuchal translucency (INT), fetal overgrowth, ventriculomegaly and presence of a sacral appendix are less common 4,9. [latunisiemedicale.com]

Tenorio Syndrome

Prenatal ultrasound examination can detect disproportionate fetal overgrowth, while elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels may also be useful to suspect SGBS [orpha.net]

Costello Syndrome

The most common prenatal findings in the literature and in this cohort were polyhydramnios and fetal overgrowth with relative macrocephaly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Costello syndrome may present in utero with polyhydramnios, edema, and fetal overgrowth. [genedx.com]

Fetal edema, not overgrowth, is associated with neonatal lethal Costello syndrome due to the HRAS p.Gly12Val mutation. Clin Dysmorphol 2019; 28:71-3. [jhsmr.org]

Macrocephaly

The M-CMTC syndrome should be considered when there is a marked fetal overgrowth and progressive macrocephaly with no indications of maternal hyperglycemia or fetal hyperinsulinism [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Perlman syndrome (PS) (also called renal hamartomas, nephroblastomatosis and fetal gigantism) is a rare overgrowth disorder present at birth. [dbpedia.org]

Antenatal diagnosis Prenatal ultrasound shows marked fetal overgrowth and progressive macrocephaly in the absence of maternal hyperglycemia or fetal hyperinsulinemia, hydrocephalus [orpha.net]

Sotos Syndrome

With the advent of prenatal sonography, fetal overgrowth can be easily detected. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

At 33 weeks' gestation, dilatation of the third ventricle and fetal overgrowth were obvious. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chih-Ping Chen, Prenatal findings and the genetic diagnosis of fetal overgrowth disorders: Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, Sotos syndrome, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, [doi.org]

Partial Trisomy 1q

overgrowth; congenital heart malformation: dilated ventricles; VSD; dilated main pulmonary artery and aorta Verhagen et al [15] 6 F/9m6d 1q21.1 1.46 Mb de novo 46, XX 1q21.1 [journals.lww.com]

[…] polycystic kidney; oligohydramnios; VSD Liao et al [14] 5 M/TOP 1q21.1 2.6 Mb Maternally inherited 46, XY 1q21.1 (145,243,316–147,814,694) × 3 HFE2; PEX11B; RBM8A; GJA5; GJA8 fetal [journals.lww.com]

Weaver Syndrome

Prenatal finding and the genetic diagnosis of fetal overgrowth disorders: Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, Sotos syndrome, and Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome. [medigraphic.com]

Clinical spectrum increased birth weight: fetal macrosomia early overgrowth macrocephaly accelerated osseous maturation: increased bone age typical facial features broad forehead [radiopaedia.org]

& post-natal overgrowth Loose skin Hernias Possible increased risk for neuroblastoma Tall Stature Autism Developmental Disability Most cases have been attributed to mutations [genassistabcs.com]

Genee-Wiedemann Syndrome

Research findings may help identify genes that trigger BWS in humans Humans and cattle share a similar epigenetic fetal overgrowth disorder that occurs more commonly following [news-medical.net]

Prenatal findings and the genetic diagnosis of fetal overgrowth disorders: Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome, Sotos syndrome, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. [dovemed.com]

This over production contributes to the overgrowth features. 7.1.2. [mindmeister.com]

Pallister W Syndrome

It is likely that the presence of 3 or 4 copies of certain genes on chromosome 12 provoke fetal overgrowth. [molecularcytogenetics.biomedcentral.com]

The hydrops fetalis, hygroma colli, or increased nuchal translucency, fetal overgrowth, ventriculomegaly, dilatation of cavum pellicidum, absence of stomach visualization, [journals.sagepub.com]

fetal growth retardation. [molecularcytogenetics.biomedcentral.com]

10q22.3-q23.3 Microdeletion Syndrome

July 2018: Molecular Syndromology # 2 Konstantin Ridnõi, Elvira Kurvinen, Sander Pajusalu, Tiia Reimand, Katrin Õunap Fetal overgrowth and numerous congenital malformations [readbyqxmd.com]

Simpson-Golabi-Behmel (SGB) syndrome is a rare but well-known overgrowth condition that is rarely diagnosed in the prenatal setting. [readbyqxmd.com]

[…] technologies in molecular testing, such as chromosomal microarray analysis and next-generation sequencing, continually demonstrate advantages for definitive diagnosis in fetal [readbyqxmd.com]

Diabetes in Pregnancy

In the fetus, morbidities arising from exposure to diabetes in utero include not only increased congenital anomalies, fetal overgrowth, and stillbirth, but metabolic abnormalities [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Excess nutrient delivery to the fetus causes macrosomia and truncal fat deposition, but whether fasting or peak glucose values are more correlated with fetal overgrowth is [emedicine.medscape.com]

Data from the Diabetes in Early Pregnancy project indicate that fetal birth weight correlates best with second- and third-trimester postprandial blood sugar levels and not [emedicine.medscape.com]

Ambiguous Genitalia

It will therefore have been a case of 46XY disorder of sexual differentiation due to either fetal overgrowth syndromes (Beckwith-Wiedemann and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndromes [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Female pseudohermaphroditism may be excluded from the differential diagnosis, as the adrenal cortex physiology of the female fetus renders the concurrence of overgrowth and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita

Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm

OVERGROWTH As might be expected, if imprinted genes play a role in the control of fetal growth, imprinting disturbances may also lead to fetal overgrowth. [doi.org]

Overexpression of IGF2 genes also resulted in fetal overgrowth ( 46, 59 ). [doi.org]

In human and mice, fetal overgrowth has been described in association with the abnormal expression of various imprinted genes, as H19, IGF2 and IGF2R ( 56 ). [doi.org]

Gestational Diabetes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the lncRNAs involvement in GDM, especially for the prediction of risk for fetal overgrowth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Data from the Diabetes in Early Pregnancy project indicate that fetal birth weight correlates best with second- and third-trimester postprandial blood sugar levels and not [emedicine.medscape.com]

Hydatidiform Mole

OVERGROWTH As might be expected, if imprinted genes play a role in the control of fetal growth, imprinting disturbances may also lead to fetal overgrowth. [doi.org]

Overexpression of IGF2 genes also resulted in fetal overgrowth ( 46, 59 ). [doi.org]

In human and mice, fetal overgrowth has been described in association with the abnormal expression of various imprinted genes, as H19, IGF2 and IGF2R ( 56 ). [doi.org]

Fetal Malnutrition

overgrowth in diabetic pregnancy were taken into account, too, but the crucial role of the fetal hyperinsulinism and monitoring of motherly glucose was nevertheless stressed [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] diabetes positively influences growth in the fetus. [10] [11] Subsequently alterations of Pedersen's Hypothesis took place: Nutrients other than sugar and their linkage to fetal [en.wikipedia.org]

Diabetic Embryopathy

The pathophysiologic mechanisms and life-long sequelae of fetal growth abnormalities such as growth retardation and overgrowth require further study. [diamap.eu]

[…] hyperinsulinemia that causes fetal overgrowth and/or macrosomia. [dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Glucose is transported freely across the placenta by facilitated diffusion; in the presence of maternal hyperglycemia large amounts of glucose reach the fetus which leads to fetal [dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Cutis Laxa

Pregnancy was remarkable for fetal overgrowth and oligohydramnios. The newborn girl showed extreme bradycardia and died perinatally. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Russell-Silver Syndrome

Epigenetic change in IGF2R is associated with fetal overgrowth after sheep embryo culture. Nat Genet. 2001;27:153–4. CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar 27. [doi.org]

These genes play a critical role in the regulation of fetal growth. [rarediseases.org]

Abnormalities in this region have also been shown to cause Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, an imprinting disorder which results in overgrowth. [rarediseases.org]

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Overexpression of the gene encoding IGF2 due to LOI/LOH observed in RMS has been implicated in both fetal overgrowth disorders that predispose children to embryonal tumors [frontiersin.org]

RMS is associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, a fetal overgrowth syndrome associated with abnormalities on 11p15, where the IGF-2 gene is located. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Thus, high birth weight, one of the manifestations of fetal overgrowth disorder, could be an early marker of the genetic or epigenetic abnormalities present in the IGF2 pathway [frontiersin.org]