Flame-Shaped Hemorrhage: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Flame-Shaped Hemorrhage

Acute Hypertensive Retinopathy

Funduscopic examination shows arteriolar constriction, arteriovenous nicking, vascular wall changes, flame-shaped hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, yellow hard exudates, and [msdmanuals.com]

Chronic HTN : Arteriovenous crossing changes (“AV nicking”), retinal arteriolar sclerosis (“copper” or “silver” wiring), cotton-wool spots, flame-shaped hemorrhages, arterial [medium.com]

Pathophysiology Retinal hemorrhages (Figure 1-3) develop when necrotic vessels bleed into either the nerve fiber layer (flame shaped hemorrhage) or the inner retina (dot blot [eyewiki.aao.org]

Hypertensive Retinopathy

Funduscopic examination shows arteriolar constriction, arteriovenous nicking, vascular wall changes, flame-shaped hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, yellow hard exudates, and [msdmanuals.com]

If acute disease is severe, the following can develop: Superficial flame-shaped hemorrhages Small, white, superficial foci of retinal ischemia (cotton-wool spots) Yellow hard [msdmanuals.com]

Hypertensive crisis can cause retinopathy with superficial flame-shaped hemorrhages; small, white, superficial foci of retinal ischemia (cotton-wool spots); yellow hard exudates [msdmanuals.com]

Malignant Hypertension

Malignant hypertension is the clinical syndrome of severe elevations in blood pressure and funduscopic hypertensive retinopathy, including bilateral flame-shaped hemorrhage [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It is defined clinically as high blood pressure (BP) levels associated with lesions of the retinal fundus (flame-shaped hemorrhages, exudates, or cotton wool spots, with or [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages, an early finding, are due to smooth muscle necrosis and bleeding along the nerve fiber layer. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Fundus examination of the RE revealed whitening of the retina along the distribution of cilioretinal artery, sparing fovea, flame-shaped hemorrhages, and roth spots with minimally [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] systemic hypertension, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, hypercoagulable states Patient reports acute or subacute monocular vision loss, sometimes with flickering ("scintillations") Flame-shaped [kellogg.umich.edu]

None of the examined eyes had flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages in the periphery. All hemorrhages were rounded-dot or blot and were variable in size. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a life-threatening condition that refers to bleeding into the subarachnoid space. Most cases are attributed to a ruptured aneurysm. Additionally, there are risk factors such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, smoking, and other conditions as well. Up to 50% of patients with SAH[…] [symptoma.com]

Pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytoma facts Pheochromocytoma is a relatively rare tumor of the adrenal glands or of similar specialized cells outside of the adrenal glands. Pheochromocytomas secrete catecholamine hormones (adrenaline and related hormones) that are responsible for the characteristic symptoms. Headache, sweating, and[…] [medicinenet.com]

Arteriosclerotic Retinopathy

Funduscopic examination shows arteriolar constriction, arteriovenous nicking, vascular wall changes, flame-shaped hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, yellow hard exudates, and [msdmanuals.com]

Certain retinopathies have classic signs (for example, peculiar fan shapes in sickle cell, dot and blot hemorrhages in diabetes, flame-shaped hemorrhages in high blood pressure [encyclopedia.com]

Hypertensive Encephalopathy

Note the flame-shaped hemorrhages, soft exudates, and early disc blurring. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Fundoscopic appearance of grade IV hypertensive retinopathy, with papilloedema (1), arteriovenous nipping (2), flame-shaped hemorrhages (3), and soft (4) and hard (5) exudates [circ.ahajournals.org]

Although papilledema is usually considered a more severe finding, it actually does not confer worse survival than hemorrhages and exudates alone. [8] Papilledema. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Retinal Phlebitis

- dilated and tortuous retinal veins, dot & blot as well as flame shaped hemorrhages, exudates, cotton wool spots, retinal and macular edema, and disc edema - in extreme [sites.google.com]

Ophthalmoscopically, there are dilated and tortuous retinal veins, dot & blot as well as flame shaped hemorrhages, exudates, cotton wool spots, retinal and macular edema, [medicalstudy.blogspot.com]

Flame-shaped hemorrhages were seen surrounding vessels in superotemporal quadrant [Figure 2]. The right eye fundus was unremarkable. [ojoonline.org]

Retinal Hemorrhage

hemorrhages because they're deeper than flame-shaped hemorrhages. [optometricmanagement.com]

Flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages occurred in five eyes of four patients within 24 hours of surgery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Flame-shape hemorrhages = “Feathered” or linear retina heme Location: within nerve fiber layer (resolve around six weeks) Possible etiologies: Hypertensive retinopathy Retinal [optometrystudents.com]

Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

Ophthalmologic examination disclosed bilateral conjunctival injection, flame-shaped hemorrhage in her right fundus, and scattered hemorrhage in her left fundus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Predominant hemorrhagic patterns were flame-shaped in 39 (67.2%) and non-flame-shaped in 19 (32.8%) eyes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Papilledema There will be bilateral disc swelling with flame-shaped hemorrhages around the disc, but not into the peripheral retina. [decisionmakerplus.net]

Papilledema

Papilledema with blurring of disc margins, disc hyperemia, and peripapillary flame shaped hemorrhages. Figure 4. Courtesy of Mr. David B. Bennett, CRA. [do-super.com.tw]

Papilledema with blurring of disc margins, disc hyperemia, and peripapillary flame shaped hemorrhages. Fi gure 4. Courtesy of Mr. David B. Bennett, CRA. [antimicrobe.org]

Bilateral moderate optic disc edema with flame-shaped hemorrhages was observed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diabetic Retinopathy

In hypertensive patients, superficial flame-shaped hemorrhages may also occur. Hard exudates: These are characteristic of diabetic retinopathy. [symptoma.com]

[…] similar to microaneurysms if they are small; they occur as microaneurysms rupture in the deeper layers of the retina, such as the inner nuclear and outer plexiform layers Flame-shaped [emedicine.com]

Hemorrhages: They characteristically occur in the deeper layers of the retina, are round and regular in shape, and are called 'blot' hemorrhages. [symptoma.com]

Pulmonary Arteriosclerosis

The signs of optic neuropathy include flame shaped hemorrhages at the disc margin, blurred disc margins, congested retinal veins, papilledema, and secondary macular exudates [eyewiki.aao.org]

Common hypertensive retinal changes are flame-shaped hemorrhages in the superficial layers of the retina and cotton-wool patches caused by occlusion of the precapillary arterioles [eyewiki.aao.org]

Eye Injury

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage. This is a flame-shaped bruise of the white part (sclera) of the eyeball. It's bright red. It's caused by a scratch to the sclera. [stlouischildrens.org]

Normal-Tension Glaucoma

Disc Hemorrhages  Flame or splinter shaped, often with feathered ends, and is radially oriented and perpendicular to the disc margin  Extends from within the optic nerve [slideshare.net]

Characteristically, the following features may be more frequently seen in NTG compared to POAG: Flame shaped hemorrhages of the optic nerve rim (Drance hemorrhage) (see figure [eyewiki.aao.org]

While thinning of the optic nerve rim is observed in all POAG, focal thinning or ‘notching’ is more commonly observed in NTG.[24] Classically, the presence of small flame [eyewiki.aao.org]

Radiation Retinopathy

Dot-blot hemorrhages, flame shaped hemorrhages and sub-RPE hemorrhage. No hard exudate or neovascularization. [atlasophthalmology.net]

flame shaped hemorrhages inferotemporal arcade with in the OS ( Figure 2b ). [omicsonline.org]

Figure 2: The colour fundus photographs show circinate hard exudates (right eye) and flame shaped hemorrhages (left eye). [omicsonline.org]

Peripheral Vasoproliferative Retinopathy

They may be seen throughout the fundus as flame-shaped, punctuate dot- or larger blot hemorrhages with irregular margins. [institut-vision.org]

hemorrhages: Splinter hemorrhages that occur in the more superficial nerve fiber layer Retinal edema and hard exudates: Caused by the breakdown of the blood-retina barrier [emedicine.medscape.com]

Secondary Optic Atrophy

Sectoral disc edema with flame-shaped hemorrhages (anterior ischemic optic neuropathy), lumps and bumps (optic disc drusen), pathologic cupping (glaucoma), sectoral optic [medtextfree.wordpress.com]

Flame-shaped hemorrhages and 'cotton-wool' spots around the disc. [thamburaj.com]

Vitreous Abscess

There were multiple flame shaped hemorrhages on the inferior arcade and the inferotemporal retina was pale and elevated. [evrs.eu]

dot, or blot hemorrhages. [hivinsite.ucsf.edu]

(25-27) and in approximately 3% of patients with mildly symptomatic HIV disease.(20) They may involve both the nerve fiber layer and the deeper retina and may appear as flame-shaped [hivinsite.ucsf.edu]

Hyperviscosity Syndrome

Funduscopic examination reveals dilation of retinal veins and flame shaped retinal hemorrhages. [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

[…] hyperviscosity in macroglobulinemia produces a pattern of retinal changes including: increased diameter and "string of sausages" appearance of the retinal veins; dot, blot, and flame-shaped [healio.com]

Common exam findings include bilateral retinal vein engorgement, lipid exudates, central and branch retinal vein thrombosis, and flame-shaped hemorrhages, which typically [webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu]

Subperiosteal Hemorrhage

Funduscopic changes include flame-shaped hemorrhages, and cotton-wool spots may be seen. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Nervous system Ocular features include those of Sjögren syndrome, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and bleeding within the optic nerve sheath. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Infantile Scurvy

Funduscopic changes include flame-shaped hemorrhages, and cotton-wool spots may be seen. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Funduscopic changes include cotton flame-shaped hemorrhages, and cotton-wool spots may be seen. [flipper.diff.org]

Nervous system Ocular features include those of Sjögren syndrome, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and bleeding within the optic nerve sheath. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Retinohepatoendocrinologic Syndrome

 The major ophthalmic feature of the condition is hypertensive retinopathy with: flame-shaped hemorrhages.  cotton-wool spots.  narrowed arteries. [slideshare.net]

Familial Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysm

[…] or the radial peripapillary system Typically occur in the posterior pole Create a scotoma Gravity causing blood down White area is resolution (at arrow) Creates a scotoma Flame-shaped [docmh.net]

Also, the predominant retinal hemorrhages associated with HTR are flame-shaped hemorrhages hypertensive Wunden than dot-and-blot hemorrhages. [leicht-sprachen-lernen.de]

Flame-shaped hemorrhage was found in the temporal and inferior retina, along with dilated retinal veins, whereas macular central reflection was not identified (Figure 1 A) [bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com]

Trochlear Nerve Paralysis

[…] familial hyperproinsulinemia 家族性高プロインスリン血症 familial hypertriglyceridemia 家族性IV型高脂血症 familial hypertriglyceridemia 家族性高トリグリセリド血症 familial hypertriglyceridemia 家族性高中性脂肪血症 flame-shaped [jds.or.jp]

hemorrhage 火炎状出血 fructose 果糖 fructosuria 果糖尿症 fundus camera 眼底カメラ fundus oculi 眼底 fundus photograph 眼底写真 funduscope 眼底鏡 funduscopy 眼底検査法 gabapentin ガバペンチン galactitol ガラクチトール [jds.or.jp]

Optic Nerve Edema-Splenomegaly Syndrome

Hemorrhages may occur at all levels of the retina and may extend into the vitreous. Hemorrhages may be round or flame-shaped and often have a white component. [healio.com]

In Roth’s spot hemorrhages, the white area consists of leukemic cells and debris, platelet-fibrin aggregates or septic emboli. [healio.com]

Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion

Diffuse flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages resulting from a central retinal vein occlusion. Similar appearance affecting a branch retinal vein. [retinaconsultants.net]

In addition, retinal whitening and/or featureless retina and flame shaped and blot hemorrhages were noted in the involved quadrant [Figure 1] a, [Figure 1] e and [Figure 2 [ijo.in]

Chronic Nephritis

—An ophthalmoscopic examination may reveal the first evidence of Bright's disease, nephritic retinitis, flame-shaped hemorrhages being characteristic. [henriettes-herb.com]

Hypertensive Crisis

Grade 3 (white cotton wool spots, flame shaped hemorrhage and yellow white exudates) and grade 4 (papilledema along with hemorrhage and exudates) retina changes are cardinal [symptoma.com]

Fundoscopy reveals hypertensive neuroretinopathy with striate (flame-shaped) hemorrhages, cotton-wool (soft) exudates, and often papilledema. [renalandurologynews.com]

The appearance of striate (flame-shaped) hemorrhage and cotton-wool (soft exudates) spots with or without papilledema (Figure 2) closely parallels the development of severe [renalandurologynews.com]