Foot Drop & Muscle Twitch & Spasticity - Hyperreflexia: Causes & Reasons

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Patient File

Sex unknown, Age unknown

Reported Symptoms

Foot Drop, Muscle Twitch, Spasticity - Hyperreflexia,

Negated

None

Unsure

None

Possible Causes

Multifocal Motor Neuropathy

Upper motor neuron signs (spasticity, hyperreflexia, extensor plantar response). [clinicaltrials.gov]

Clinically, it is characterized by slowly progressive asymmetrical predominantly distal weakness; unilateral wrist drop, grip weakness, and foot drop are the commonest initial [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Usually, the arms and hands are affected first and symptoms include muscle weakness, cramps and uncontrollable twitching. [medic8.com]

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

The upper motor signs include spasticity, hyperreflexia and weakness. The lower motor signs include amyotrophy, weakness and fasciculations. [symptoma.com]

This usually begins on one side of the body and can cause loss of hand dexterity, shoulder function, a foot-drop or walking difficulty. [alsbc.ca]

twitching for 3 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Lumbar Spinal Cord Tumor

The neurologic examination usually reveals symmetric weakness with either flaccidity and hyporeflexia (if the diagnosis is made early) or spasticity and hyperreflexia (if [aafp.org]

[…] contractions, twitches, or spasms (fasciculations) Muscle weakness (decreased muscle strength) in the legs that causes falls, makes walking difficult, and may get worse [medlineplus.gov]

[…] cough or sneeze), and may extend to the hips or legs Cold sensation of the legs, cool fingers or hands, or coolness of other areas Loss of bowel control, bladder leakage Muscle [medlineplus.gov]

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 1

hyperreflexia ( ) Hoffman's ( ) Babinski's spastic dysarthria lower motor neuron (LMN) signs muscular atrophy weakness clinical fasciculations clumsiness Evaluation Diagnosis [orthobullets.com]

However, occasionally problems in the leg or legs may occur: Foot drop (early). Gait disorder. A sensation of heaviness of one or both legs. A tendency to trip. [patient.info]

Muscles twitch (called fasciculations) and waste away. [msdmanuals.com]

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Upper Motor Neuron Disease

No spasticity or hyperreflexia. [brainscape.com]

[…] wasting and weakness, absent reflexes, loss of weight and muscle twitching. [mndnsw.asn.au]

However, occasionally problems in the leg or legs may occur: Foot drop (early). Gait disorder. A sensation of heaviness of one or both legs. A tendency to trip. [patient.info]

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Peripheral Motor Neuropathy

However, hyperreflexia and spasticity typical of ALS never occur in MMN. Conduction block Amount of block increases with more proximal stimulation. B. [neuromuscular.wustl.edu]

Our first case was a 49-year-old male who presented with weakness in the left lower limb and foot drop of 10 days duration. [ijdvl.com]

Motor neuropathy symptoms may include: Muscle weakness Cramps Muscle twitching Loss of muscle and bone Changes in skin, hair, or nails Sensory neuropathy symptoms may include [columbianeurology.org]

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Lower Motor Neuron Syndrome with Late-Adult Onset

spasticity -muscle atrophy (fasciculations), fasciculations, tongue atrophy, rapidly progressive (lethal) -upper & lower motor neurons, bulbar weakness -normal sensation [brainscape.com]

A noticed increasing weakness when he tried to dorsiflex his left foot, which progressed to foot drop over the course of a week. [clinicaladvisor.com]

[…] may include: Tremor of the hands Muscle cramps when performing physical activities Muscle twitches and weakness of limb muscles As the condition progresses: Weakness of the [thehumanthebody.com]

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Mononeuritis Multiplex

CNS Upper motor neuron signs (spasticity, hyperreflexia, upgoing plantar reflexes) are usually seen distal to the lesion. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Mononeuritis multiplex is a peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy usually producing foot or wrist drop, commonly associated with necrotizing arteritis of small and medium-sized [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The muscle twitches have spread to other areas in my arms and legs, and are annoying more than anything else. [medhelp.org]

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Motor Neuron Disease

Lower motor neuron (LMN) findings include muscle atrophy and fasciculations, and upper motor neuron (UMN) findings include hyperreflexia, spasticity, muscle spasm, and abnormal [en.wikipedia.org]

drop, or slurred speech. [alsnewstoday.com]

A 69-year-old man with long-standing depression and failing memory presented with muscle twitches of 8 months' duration. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 4

hyperreflexia ( ) Hoffman's ( ) Babinski's spastic dysarthria lower motor neuron (LMN) signs muscular atrophy weakness clinical fasciculations clumsiness Evaluation Diagnosis [orthobullets.com]

However, occasionally problems in the leg or legs may occur: Foot drop (early). Gait disorder. A sensation of heaviness of one or both legs. A tendency to trip. [patient.info]

[1] [2] There are various types of ALS that are distinguished by symptoms and, in some cases, genetic cause. [2] Early symptoms may include muscle twitching, cramping, stiffness [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

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Progressive Muscular Atrophy

Clinical Loss of fine motor skills, triad of atrophic weakness of hands and forearms; leg spasticity; generalised hyperreflexia. Management Possibly riluzole. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Adult onset MND usually starts insidiously with symptoms and signs including stumbling, foot drop, weakened grip, slurred speech, cramp, muscle wasting, twitching and tiredness [nice.org.uk]

This then leads to fasciculations (muscle twitches), progressively worsening muscle weakness, and a loss of muscle mass and weight. [mndcentre.org.uk]

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Mononeuritis

CNS Upper motor neuron signs (spasticity, hyperreflexia, upgoing plantar reflexes) are usually seen distal to the lesion. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Drop 386 Case 61 An Elderly Woman with Foot Drop and Hand Weakness 393 Case 62 A Woman with Rheumatoid Arthritis Who Developed Numbness and Pain in the Feet 399 Case 63 A [books.google.de]

The muscle twitches have spread to other areas in my arms and legs, and are annoying more than anything else. [medhelp.org]

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 5

Pyramidal signs such as hyperreflexia and spasticity are observed in advanced-stage ALS5 only. [symptoma.com]

drop, then hands and arms Hektoen (1895) 53 (male) Spastic weak legs then wasting, later arms and bulbar Dercum and Spiller (1899) 47 (male) Twitching legs then weakness, [academic.oup.com]

ALS often begins with muscle twitching and weakness in a limb, or slurred speech. Eventually, ALS affects control of the muscles needed to move, speak, eat and breathe. [mayoclinic.org]

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Primary Lateral Sclerosis

[…] a slowly progressing degenerative brain disease characterized by weakness, spasticity, hyperreflexia, and a positive Babinski sign. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

A neurological examination revealed mild left hand and distal leg weakness with foot drop, asymmetric hyperreflexia, and an extensor plantar response. [karger.com]

As muscles are not directly affected, there is no muscle shrinkage or fasciculations (sub-dermal muscle twitches), with this type of MND. [mndcentre.org.uk]

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Muscular Fasciculation

Upper motor neuron lesions are characterized by weakness, spasticity, hyperreflexia, primitive reflexes and the Babinski sign. [informatics.med.nyu.edu]

Therefore, MRI is not appropriate if pain or foot drop are not present. [bjmp.org]

Considerations Muscle twitching is caused by minor muscle contractions in the area, or uncontrollable twitching of a muscle group that is served by a single motor nerve fiber [mountsinai.org]

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Neuromuscular Junction Disorder

Upper motor neuronal dysfunction lead to spasticity and hyperreflexia while lower motor neuronal lesions lead to paralysis with muscle fasciculations. [lecturio.com]

Presents with foot drop and involvement of the scapular muscles. 3.1.3 Autosomal Recessive. This accounts for most of the sporadic cases seen. [academic.sun.ac.za]

The most common side effects from these agents are gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, diarrhea) and muscle twitching. [medtextfree.wordpress.com]

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 9

Additional symptoms typical of ALS, such as fasciculations, spasticity, and hyperreflexia, have also been described in ALS9 patients. [symptoma.com]

Clinical examination revealed right foot drop, distal amyotrophy of the right lower limb, and fasciculations in the 4 limbs. [jamanetwork.com]

The earliest symptoms include muscle twitching, cramping, stiffness, or weakness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Lumbosacral Plexus Disorder

The disorder affects men exclusively and is characterized by muscle wasting and weakness, without signs of upper motor neuron dysfunction such as spasticity or hyperreflexia [neupsykey.com]

[…] hallucis longus), which are innervated by the deep peroneal nerve, foot drop occurs. [medschool.lsuhsc.edu]

The nervous impulse reaches all the muscle fibers in a unit almost at the same time. The result is a brisk twitch. [dartmouth.edu]

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Paraplegia

This development led to an evaluation by a neurosurgeon, who noted spasticity and hyperreflexia. Sensory testing demonstrated a possible sensory thoracic level. [medscape.com]

The first commercially available FES devices treated foot drop in hemiplegic patients by stimulating the peroneal nerve during gait. [intechopen.com]

but also to cause muscle hypertrophy and muscle fibre shift from fast twitch type 2X to 2A. 3 In addition to these effects, oxidative enzyme activity has also been shown [bjsm.bmj.com]

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Spinal Cord Lesion

Commonly results in bladder overactivity or hyperreflexia, (AKA " reflex ", or " spastic " bladder). [rnceus.com]

Over the preceding few months she had had mild occasional pins and needles, perianal anaesthesia and foot drop symptoms. [adc.bmj.com]

[…] reflexly to cause the normally visible muscle twitch. [encyclopedia.com]

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Spinal Cord Injury

Spasticity is characterized as hyperreflexia and hypertonicity as a result of damage to the supraspinal tracts in the aftermath of SCI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The long-term cost-effectiveness of the use of Functional Electrical Stimulation for the correction of dropped foot due to upper motor neuron lesion. J. Rehabil. [doi.org]

This eventually leads to muscle weakening, twitching, and an inability to move the arms, legs, and body. The condition slowly gets worse. [neuralstem.com]

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Multiple Sclerosis

Affected individuals may have tremors, muscle stiffness (spasticity), exaggerated reflexes (hyperreflexia), weakness or partial paralysis of the muscles of the limbs, difficulty [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] decreased bone mineral density osteoporosis relating to physical inactivity, vitamin D deficiency, immunomodulatory medication gait abnormalities muscle paralysis causing foot [orthobullets.com]

[…] of the facial muscles): May also be a presenting symptom Eye symptoms: Including diplopia on lateral gaze (33% of patients) Heat intolerance Constitutional symptoms: Especially [emedicine.com]

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 3

Hyperreflexia and spasticity appears as upper motor neuron signs and weakness, atrophy and fasciculations as lower motor neuron signs. [medeniyetmedicaljournal.org]

This often begins as a foot drop or difficulty with fine hand movements. [healthengine.com.au]

ALS often begins with muscle twitching and weakness in a limb, or slurred speech. Eventually, ALS affects control of the muscles needed to move, speak, eat and breathe. [mayoclinic.org]

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Myelitis

/hyperreflexia. • Back pain, paresthesias, radicular pain in the legs • Bilateral, asymmetric, unilateral, acute-sub acute progressive leg weakness with any of the features [slideshare.net]

foot in front of the other. [whole30.com]

[…] fever (nonspecific viral illness) • ATM, the onset of spinal cord dysfunction usually progress in 4 hours to 21 days, the patient's signs usually plateau and evolve toward spasticity [slideshare.net]

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Arachnoiditis

Less commonly, arachnoiditis may involve the spinal cord; in these instances, upper motor neuron findings (hyperreflexia, spasticity, presence of Babinski response) can be [clinicalgate.com]

A 21-year-old male who sustained an injury in a fall from a tree 2 years back, presented with history of chronic progressive low back pain and left foot drop. [onlinejets.org]

[…] cramps, spasms, muscle twitching, electric shock, the feeling that insects or water are running over the skin, and difficulty controlling limbs. [disability-benefits-help.org]

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 2

He also had increased tone in all limbs, hyperreflexia, and a spastic gait. Sensory examination findings were normal. [jamanetwork.com]

Orthopaedics/neurosurgery Foot drop or other symptoms suggestive of compressive radiculopathy. Elderly care Difficulty walking. [pmj.bmj.com]

ALS often begins with muscle twitching and weakness in a limb, or slurred speech. Eventually, ALS affects control of the muscles needed to move, speak, eat and breathe. [mayoclinic.org]

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 10

UMN manifestations can include stiffness, spasticity, hyperreflexia, and pseudobulbar affect; LMN manifestations often include weakness accompanied by muscle atrophy, fasciculations [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This often begins as a foot drop or difficulty with fine hand movements. [healthengine.com.au]

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Progressive Bulbar Palsy

The essential clinical findings are slowly progressive and often include severe spasticity, hyperreflexia, and weakness in a pyramidal distribution, noticeably in both lower [emedicine.medscape.com]

However, occasionally problems in the leg or legs may occur: Foot drop (early). Gait disorder. A sensation of heaviness of one or both legs. A tendency to trip. [patient.info]

I have been experiencing muscle twitches 28 year old male. [justanswer.com]

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Acquired Wrist Drop

MMN can usually be distinguished from ALS by its more slowly progressive disease course, the absence of upper-motor-neuron signs such as spasticity and hyperreflexia and the [mmcneuro.wordpress.com]

M21.371 Foot drop, right foot M21.372 Foot drop, left foot M21.379 Foot drop, unspecified foot [rxdb.com]

Cramps and twitching are common, but muscle atrophy is minimal if present at all. Sensory symptoms are minimal or absent. [emedicine.medscape.com]

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 11

Spasticity less prominent in some patients Fasciculations: May occur without signs of ALS Course & associations ALS or FTD may present first Time between onset of syndromes [neuromuscular.wustl.edu]

Clinical presentations can range from a spastic pattern of speech caused by upper motor neuron loss to a foot drop caused by lower motor neuron loss, with numerous permutations [mayoclinicproceedings.org]

The earliest symptoms include muscle twitching, cramping, stiffness, or weakness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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