Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin

Porphyrin analysis revealed elevated free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) levels confirming the diagnosis of EPP. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Many assays for erythrocyte protoporphyrin or “free erythrocyte protoporphyrin” measure both zinc-chelated protoporphyrin and free protoporphyrin. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, physicians occasionally encounter patients with EPP with a mild phenotype associated with a slight increase in the erythrocyte-free protoporphyrin concentration and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acquired Sideroblastic Anemia

Moderately elevated free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) levels have been described in IASA, suggesting that the activity of ferrochelatase, the enzyme that catalyzes the [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

An elevated free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) level distinguishes acquired siderblastic anemia from congenital sideroblastic anemia (low FEP level). [thebigl.co]

Bone marrow examination showed ring sideroblasts, indicating raised erythrocyte iron. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) concentrations were raised. [jnnp.bmj.com]

Lead Encephalopathy

Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin and the urinary concentrations of γ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or coproporphyrin are better clinical correlates of lead toxicity, rather than [jnnp.bmj.com]

erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) note iron deficiency anemia may also produce an ↑ in FEP capillary lead level Most accurate test for lead poisoning ↑ lead level (> 10 μg [medbullets.com]

The erythrocyte protoporphyrin (also called zinc protoporphyrin or free erythrocyte protoporphyrin) test is often inaccurate and now is seldom used. [msdmanuals.com]

Hereditary Sideroblastic Anemia

Acquired hypochromic and microcytic sideroblastic anaemia responsive to pyridoxine with low value of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin: a possible subgroup of idiopathic acquired [synapse.koreamed.org]

Bone marrow examination showed ring sideroblasts, indicating raised erythrocyte iron. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) concentrations were raised. [jnnp.bmj.com]

erythrocyte protoporphyrin. [nejm.org]

Alpha-Thalassemia

FEP (free-erythrocyte protoporphyrin) and ferritin - to exclude iron deficiency anemia. All of these studies can be performed from a single blood sample. [chop.edu]

[…] blood cells in a specific volume of blood Hemoglobin electrophoresis with A2 and F quantitation - a lab procedure that differentiates the types of hemoglobin present FEP (free-erythrocyte [chw.org]

Iron studies, FEP (free-erythrocyte protoporphyrin) and ferritin. These studies are done to exclude iron deficiency anemia. [stanfordchildrens.org]

Lead Poisoning in Children

Abstract A procedure for the measurement of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) in a drop of blood collected on filter paper is described. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

X-Linked Erythropoietic Protoporphyria

Many assays for erythrocyte protoporphyrin or "free erythrocyte protoporphyrin" measure both zinc-chelated protoporphyrin and free protoporphyrin. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Sometimes laboratories have measured only zinc protoporphyrin and reported results incorrectly as “protoporphyrin” or “free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP)”. [porphyriafoundation.blogspot.com]

Note: Methods in some laboratories for measuring free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) actually measure zinc protoporphyrin, so these results cannot be relied upon for diagnosis [clinicaltrials.gov]

X-Linked Sideroblastic Anemia and Ataxia

Bone marrow examination showed ring sideroblasts, indicating raised erythrocyte iron. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) concentrations were raised. [jnnp.bmj.com]

II-8 has one unaffected son (data not shown) and was shown to have normal free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels. [academic.oup.com]

erythrocyte protoporphyrin. [nejm.org]

Iron Deficiency Anemia

erythrocyte protoporphyrin; iron indexes of serum ferritin, serum transferrin receptor, and unsaturated iron-binding capacity; and inflammation markers of C-reactive protein [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hemogram was done in all participants, and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) in anemic patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other tests might include: a complete blood count, zinc protoporphyrin, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin or reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr). [irondisorders.org]

Sideroblastic Anemia

An elevated free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) level distinguishes acquired siderblastic anemia from congenital sideroblastic anemia (low FEP level). [thebigl.co]

This condition was associated with elevated free erythrocyte porphyrin, plasma protoporphyrin, urine porphyrins (predominantly coproporphyrin), stool porphyrins (predominantly [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bone marrow examination showed ring sideroblasts, indicating raised erythrocyte iron. Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) concentrations were raised. [jnnp.bmj.com]

Chronic Lead Nephropathy

Measurements of the heme precursors free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin (ZnP) have also been used for screening purposes. [clinchem.aaccjnls.org]

Similarly, heme enzymes, such as zinc-protoporphyrin and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, are known to be altered by lead and have been used in the past for lead detection [emedicine.medscape.com]

Footnotes ↵ 1 Nonstandard abbreviations: RBC, red blood cell; FEP, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin; ZnP, zinc protoporphyrin; XRF, x-ray fluorescence; and MDL, minimum detectable [clinchem.aaccjnls.org]

Autosomal Dominant Sideroblastic Anemia

II-8 has one unaffected son (data not shown) and was shown to have normal free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels. [academic.oup.com]

Lee GR, Cartwright GE, Wintrobe MM: The response of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin to pyridoxine therapy in a patient with sideroachrestic (sideroblastic) anemia. [medtextfree.wordpress.com]

erythrocyte protoporphyrin. [9] Autosomal recessive sideroblastic anemia has been described in conjunction with mitochondrial myopathy and lactic acidosis in Jews of Persian [emedicine.medscape.com]

Porphyria

Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (μg/L) 7.5 ± 2.7 PBG positive 36/36 Uroporphyrin positive 22/36 Genetic testing 10 Genetic analysis for mutations in the PBGD gene was performed [hindawi.com]

Protoporphyrin can accumulate in the liver and lead to liver failure. Gallstones can occur. Diagnosis is by measuring free erythrocyte protoporphyrin. [patient.info]

Urinary PBG, uroporphyrin, and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) were all screened in all patients with acute attacks, the results of which suggested a diagnosis of porphyria [hindawi.com]

Microcytic Anemia

Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin is typically elevated in the acquired form, with the highest level seen with lead poisoning. [archivesofpathology.org]

Hematocrit increase of 3 to 19 vol% was associated with correction of microcytosis, significant reduction in abnormal levels of free erythrocyte protoporphyrins, and amelioration [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

erythrocyte protoporphyrin (≥1.24 μmol/L red blood cells) – Transferrin saturation (<14% for 12- to 15-year- olds or <15% for 16- to 39-year-olds) – Serum ferritin (<12 μg [slideshare.net]

Lead Poisoning

The infant's BLL on the second day of life was 72 μg/dL with a free erythrocyte protoporphyrin level of 175 μg/dL. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentration, erythrocyte number, packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentrations of calves showed an increase after Ca, Na 2 -EDTA administration [doi.org]

Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin (FEP) > 0.6 umol/L Imaging findings Cerebral edema in acute lead intoxication Particles of lead in GI tract Bands of increased density at metaphyses [learningradiology.com]

Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria

EPP is caused by decreased ferrochelatase activity resulting in significantly increased free protoporphyrin levels in erythrocytes, plasma, and feces. [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Protoporphyrin can accumulate in the liver and lead to liver failure. Gallstones can occur. Diagnosis is by measuring free erythrocyte protoporphyrin. [patient.info]

When total erythrocyte porphyrins are elevated, fractionation and quantitation of zinc-complexed and noncomplexed (free) protoporphyrin is necessary to differentiate the inherited [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Acute Hepatic Porphyria

Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (μg/L) 7.5 ± 2.7 PBG positive 36/36 Uroporphyrin positive 22/36 Genetic testing 10 Genetic analysis for mutations in the PBGD gene was performed [hindawi.com]

Urinary PBG, uroporphyrin, and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) were all screened in all patients with acute attacks, the results of which suggested a diagnosis of porphyria [hindawi.com]

Beta-Thalassemia Associated with Another Hemoglobin Anomaly

erythrocyte protoporphyrin level? [quizlet.com]

erythrocyte-protoporphyrin (or ferritin or other studies of serum iron levels) A complete blood count will identify low levels of hemoglobin, small red blood cells, and other [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

A. free erythrocyte protoporphyrins (FEP) B. serum ferritin C. hemoglobin electrophoresis D. osmotic fragility Which of the following is used to monitor red cell production [quizlet.com]

Anemia

Four biochemical measures of iron status were included in the analysis: hemoglobin, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin. [cdc.gov]

erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and serum ferritin. [doi.org]

The definition of iron deficiency was an abnormal value for at least two of the following three indicators: serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin [cdc.gov]

Tetraethyl Lead Poisoning

Also associated with lead exposure is an increase in blood and plasma d-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and free erythrocyte protoporphyrins (FEP). [flipper.diff.org]

Iron Deficiency

Other tests might include: a complete blood count, zinc protoporphyrin, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin or reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr). [irondisorders.org]

Other tests might include: a complete blood count, zinc protoporphyrin, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin or reticulocyte hemoglobin content ( CHr ). [getyourironup.org]

Protoporphyrin can be separated from its zinc moiety and measured as free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, providing an indirect measurement of the zinc-protoporphyrin complex. [en.wikipedia.org]

Anemia of Chronic Disease

Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels may serve as an ancillary test in patients with ACD. [clinicaladvisor.com]

[…] manifested by a low serum iron, decreased serum transferrin, decreased transferrin saturation, increased serum ferritin, increased reticuloendothelial iron stores, increased erythrocyte-free [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Because the iron available for hemoglobin synthesis is decreased, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels are elevated. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphatase Deficiency

[…] bilirubin 遊離ビリルビン free erythrocyte protoporphyrin 遊離赤血球プロトポルフィリン FEP free radical フリーラジカル free thyroxine 遊離サイロキシン free water clearance 自由水クリアランス frequent relapser 頻回再発例 fresh [jpeds.or.jp]

[…] fractional sodium excretion ナトリウム排泄分画 FENa fracture 骨折 fragile X syndrome 脆弱X症候群 fragile site 脆弱部位 fragility もろさ/脆弱性/脆性 fragmented cell 破砕細胞 fraternal twins 二卵性双生児/二卵性双胎 free [jpeds.or.jp]

Atrophic Glossitis

Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP): patients with iron deficiency will have increased protoporphyrin in the blood. [stepwards.com]

Erythropoietic Coproporphyria

Diagnosis: An increase of the free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, not complexed with zinc, is the hallmark of the disease. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous porphyrias Erythropoietic protoporphyria is diagnosed or excluded by measuring erythrocyte free protoporphyrin. [the-medical-dictionary.com]

protoporphyrin (PP) in erythrocytes, plasma, skin, and liver. 1 – 4 It has been described worldwide with an estimated prevalence ranging from 1 in 75,000 to 1 in 200,000. [dovepress.com]

Red Blood Cell Disorder

Reference Range : M: 30-400 ng/mL; F: 10-145 ng/mL Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrins (FEP) This is a screening test, mainly used in pediatric practice to detect iron deficiency [ucsdlabmed.wikidot.com]

Methylmalonic Acidemia with Homocystinuria Type cblF

Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin is typically elevated in the acquired form, with the highest level seen with lead poisoning. [archivesofpathology.org]

erythrocyte protoporphyrin, 37 μg/dL (normal range, 0– 78 μg/dL). [archivesofpathology.org]

Mutation of the erythroid-specific δ-aminolevulinate synthase gene may partially explain why some acquired cases have a low free erythrocyte protoporphyrin level and respond [archivesofpathology.org]

Hepatoerythropoietic Porphyria

High levels of free plasma protoporphyrin levels, and free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels (may be greater than1000mcg/dl, whereas normal is less than 60mcg/dl) are indicative [dermatologyadvisor.com]

[…] zinc- and metal-free protoporphyrin. [malacards.org]

Diagnosis: An increase of the free erythrocyte protoporphyrin, not complexed with zinc, is the hallmark of the disease. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Deficiency Disorder

Other tests might include: a complete blood count, zinc protoporphyrin, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin or reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr). [irondisorders.org]

Leukoerythroblastic Anemia

Lab test for FEP (Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin) is low Anemia Classification based on MCV Iron Deficiency Anemia Case! Iron Deficiency Anemia (!) [quizlet.com]

The free erythrocyte protoporphyrin level is greatly elevated in lead poisoning and is very useful for childhood screening; it is less useful in most anemia work-ups. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

[…] folate - High reticulocyte count: generally indicates a peripheral cause, such as bleeding or hemolysis Adjusted Reticulocyte count corrects for degree of anemia Defective protoporphyrin [quizlet.com]