Generalized Slow Activity Grade 4 & Mild Truncal Ataxia & Repetitive Eye Blinking Accompanying Visual Hallucinations: Causes & Reasons

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Patient File

Sex unknown, Age unknown

Reported Symptoms

Generalized Slow Activity Grade 4, Mild Truncal Ataxia, Repetitive Eye Blinking Accompanying Visual Hallucinations,

Negated

None

Unsure

None

Possible Causes

Usher Syndrome Type 3B

Definition A syndrome characterized by progressive vision and hearing loss during early childhood. Some patients have the so-called 'Charles Bonnet syndrome,' involving decreased visual acuity and vivid visual hallucinations. USH is a genetically heterogeneous condition characterized by the association of retinitis[…] [uniprot.org]

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Traumatic Brain Injury

[…] intentional tremor on both hands, and mild truncal ataxia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

DIAGNOSES: Approximately three months after the car crash, she began to show tremor on both hands and mild truncal ataxia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Twenty months after the car crash, when she underwent neurological evaluation at the rehabilitation department of a university hospital, she presented with mild resting and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Wernicke Encephalopathy

Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as hallucinations, delusions, and agitation, which may mimic acute psychosis, have also been described. 1 Ataxia can present as both truncal [westjem.com]

1 Changes in mental status are common at presentation, occurring in 80–90% based on retrospective reviews. 1 These changes can range from confusion, memory difficulty, mild [westjem.com]

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Hypoglycemia

2015 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 251.2 Hypoglycemia, unspecified 2015 Billable Thru Sept 30/2015 Non-Billable On/After Oct 1/2015 ICD-9-CM 251.2 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 251.2 should only be used for claims with a date of service on or before[…] [icd9data.com]

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Hyponatremia

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients associated with increased morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, inappropriate treatment of hyponatremia (under- or mainly overtreatment) may also lead to devastating consequences. The appropriate diagnosis of the causative factor[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Alzheimer Disease

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), a key regulator of varied physiological mechanisms in multiple organ systems, is an immune signalling molecule produced by glia, neurons, macrophages and other immune cells. In the brain, among other functions, TNF serves as a gliotransmitter, secreted by glial cells that envelope and[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Stroke

The therapeutic window for intervention in acute cerebral ischemia is brief. Prehospital identification of acute stroke patients and paramedic administration of neuroprotective agents may soon become critical components of successful acute stroke treatment. This preliminary study sought to demonstrate that a new[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Dementia

† Deceased. From University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and Minneapolis VA Health Care System and HealthPartners, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Disclaimer: Findings and conclusions are those of the authors, who are responsible for the article's contents; findings and[…] [doi.org]

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Cushing Syndrome

Cushing syndrome (CS) in children is a rare disorder that is most frequently caused by an adrenal tumour or a pituitary corticotrophin-secreting adenoma. The management is challenging and requires an individualised approach and multidisciplinary care. We present the case of a 23-month-old female child with a history[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Meningoencephalitis

[…] noun mass noun Medicine Inflammation of the membranes of the brain and the adjoining cerebral tissue. ‘Disease also includes endocarditis, keratitis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, and meningoencephalitis.’ ‘An infant with botulism is often diagnosed with sepsis or meningoencephalitis because of symptoms of lethargy and[…] [en.oxforddictionaries.com]

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Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is a clinical condition characterized by disturbance of cerebrospinal fluid regulation in the central nervous system. Cerebrospinal fluid regulation has three important steps - formation, flow and absorption. Infants with hydrocephalus presents with complaints such as poor feeding, vomiting, reduced[…] [symptoma.com]

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Encephalitis

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune-mediated processes are the driving force behind many neurological diseases. Autoimmune encephalitis, a group of syndromes, mediated by or at least associated with autoantibodies against neuronal tissue, have gained increasing importance especially in paediatric neurology. Since the first NMDAR[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Hypocalcemia

PURPOSE OF STUDY: Hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy is attributed to injury or ischemia to parathyroid glands. Transient hypocalcemia in thyroidectomy when parathyroids are preserved is not adequately explained. Release of calcitonin and hypoalbuminemia are two proposed reasons. Primary objective of this study was[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Acute Intermittent Porphyria

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is the most common hepatic porphyria. Its clinical presentation includes severe disabling and life-threatening neurovisceral symptoms and acute psychiatric symptoms. These symptoms result from the overproduction and accumulation of porphyrin precursors, 5-aminoleuvulinic acid (ALA)[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Metabolic Encephalopathy

Metabolic encephalopathy is a transient or permanent impairment of brain function resulting from physiological insufficiency or aberrant metabolic processes accompanying certain systemic illness such as diabetes or liver disease. Timely recognition and treatment of the predisposing condition can reverse the potential[…] [symptoma.com]

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Toxic Encephalopathy

Neurotoxicity following paradichlorobenzene (PDCB) exposure is rare and can occur in patients with pica and mothball or toilet cake ingestion. We present a rare case of toxic encephalopathy due to PDCB mothball inhalation and ingestion and describe the rapidly progressive leukoencephalopathy seen on computed[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Parenchymatous Cortical Cerebellar Degeneration

Mild truncal ataxia was observed, but there was no nystagmus. [ajnrblog.org]

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Vasovagal Syncope

ataxia that may impede the person from standing without support. [circ.ahajournals.org]

Slurring of speech and loss of diction are common, as is a mild intention tremor of the extremities. [circ.ahajournals.org]

[…] pyramidal features (also called olivopontocerebellar atrophy/degenerative form on the basis of autopsy findings). 26 These patients have a significant gait disturbance and truncal [circ.ahajournals.org]

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Orthostatic Syncope

ataxia that may impede the person from standing without support. [ahajournals.org]

Slurring of speech and loss of diction are common, as is a mild intention tremor of the extremities. [ahajournals.org]

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Cardiogenic Syncope

ataxia that may impede the person from standing without support. [ahajournals.org]

Slurring of speech and loss of diction are common, as is a mild intention tremor of the extremities. [ahajournals.org]

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Tick Paralysis

However, she exhibited marked extremity and mild truncal ataxia, and deep tendon reflexes were absent. [cdc.gov]

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Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome

Relapsing IVIG at relapse Remission (see text) Mild truncal ataxia (4 years) 10 80/F Relapsing IVIG at relapse/azathioprine Remission (see text) Mild truncal ataxia (6 years [academic.oup.com]

She showed opsoclonus and nonrhythmic myoclonic jerks involving the neck and upper extremities, mild dysmetria on knee–heel testing, and truncal ataxia. [journals.lww.com]

truncal ataxia. [academic.oup.com]

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Demyelinating Disease

At age 32, she presented mild truncal and gait ataxia associated to bilateral horizontal nystagmus. [scielo.br]

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed pons and cerebellum FLAIR and T2 hyperintense signal and mild gadolinium enhancement compatible with demyelination ( Figure [scielo.br]

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Cerebellar Stroke

Ask the patient to sit up with arms crossed - looking for truncal ataxia. Ask the patient to walk heel-to-toe (to elicit any gait ataxia). [patient.info]

Check limb power, tone and reflexes - cerebellar disorders may produce mild hypotonia and hyporeflexia. [patient.info]

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Brain Stem Infarction

Neurological examinations showed left ptosis and miosis, hoarseness, dysphagia, right mild hemiparesis, left ataxia of his extremities, and truncal ataxia. [hindawi.com]

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Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 8

[…] action myoclonus Moderate action myoclonus Ataxia Not described Not described Not described Not described Truncal and appendicular ataxia Gait impairement Wheelchair‐bound [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Seizures Seizures Myoclonus Seizures Ataxia Epilepsy GTCS GTCS GTCS GTCS GTCS Myoclonus Severe action myoclonus Severe action myoclonus Action and stimulus‐sensitive myoclonus Mild [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

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Unverricht-Lundborg Syndrome

Also, she showed a mild degree of dysarthria, dysmetric limb ataxia, and truncal ataxia on tandem gait. [synapse.koreamed.org]

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X-linked Parkinsonism-Spasticity Syndrome

Moderate truncal ataxia was present with bilateral dysmetria and dysdiadochokinesia. It was not possible to assess cerebellar function in the legs due to weakness. [journals.plos.org]

There was a mild impairment of vibration sense at the ankles, otherwise proprioception, temperature and superficial sensation to touch and pin prick was normal. [journals.plos.org]

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Episodic Ataxia

Acetazolamide markedly decreased the episodes of dizziness and ataxia, but follow up examination still showed downbeat positional nystagmus and mild truncal ataxia. [jnnp.bmj.com]

On examination, patient has mild truncal ataxia, scanning speech, bilateral dysmetria and falling tendency to either side on tandem gait. [japi.org]

Spontaneous downbeat & gaze-evoked nystagmus, mild dysarthria, & truncal ataxia EA6 (OMIM 612656 ) SLC1A3 7 AD Attacks of ataxia precipitated by fever Subclinical seizures [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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Kallmann Syndrome

Neurological examination showed on IQ of 83, and mild truncal ataxia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

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