Gliosis: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Gliosis

Extensive spongiform changes were observed in the cerebral neocortex, striatum, thalamus and cerebellar cortex, but gliosis was mild or absent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This spongiform change begins several months before clinical onset, and is followed by gliosis. Subsequently, neuropil rarefaction appears, followed by neuron loss. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although approximately 20% of the patients did not have MR imaging abnormalities, MR imaging did show signal intensity alterations due to gliosis and spongiform changes early [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hallervorden-Spatz Syndrome

It shows markedly decreased NAA/Cr values in the globus pallidi and substantia nigra with increased mI/Cr values that suggest of gliosis. [ijri.org]

The main ocular findings included degeneration of photoreceptors, marked thinning of the outer nuclear and outer plexiform layers, retinal gliosis, narrowing and obliteration [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These spheroids expand the myelin sheats and causes its disintegration, which is accompanied by reactive gliosis. [eurorad.org]

Classic Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Syndrome

In addition, severe fibrillary gliosis was noted in the precentral gyrus and corticospinal tract, being consistent with upper motor neuron syndrome observed in this case. [okayama.pure.elsevier.com]

Neuropathologically, all forms are characterized by neuronal loss, gliosis with astrocytic plaques and accumulation of tau-immunoreactive neurofibrillary tangles in specific [orpha.net]

Binswanger Disease

[…] vascular dementia with hydrocephalus, was characterized pathologically in five patients by severe thickening of small vessels and by diffuse regions of white matter loss with gliosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] with calcification and retraction 526 Lowgrade astrocytoma no progression in two years 528 Periinsular gliosis 529 Refractory partial epilepsy gliosis of the temporal lobe [books.google.de]

The pathogenesis of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy is unknown; possible mechanisms include diffuse ischemia and fluid transudation with subsequent gliosis related [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Infantile Choroidocerebral Calcification Syndrome

The surrounding brain may develop gliosis resulting from vascular steal related to the AVM. [jaocr.org]

[…] primeros son estudios de 1984, basados en suposiciones Tanto portador y poca enfermedad se explicaria por baja penetrancia de las mutaciones en ATP7B Subdiagnosticado Necrosis, gliosis [es.slideshare.net]

Chronic ischaemia of underlying grey matter -> gyral atrophy and gliosis, hemiatrophy. [radnotes.co.nz]

Primary Optic Atrophy

This gliosis is not as severe as in inflammations of the optic nerve. [test.aneskey.com]

Severe optic atrophy with gliosis again in an elderly person could have been due to giant cell arteritis. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Fundus examination (Figure 2a, 2b) revealed chalky white optic discs with well defined margins without any gliosis or disc edema bilaterally. [djo.org.in]

Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly Type 10

Diseases related with Microcephaly and Gliosis In the following list you will find some of the most common rare diseases related to Microcephaly and Gliosis that can help [mendelian.co]

Gliosis MedGen UID: 4899 • Concept ID: C0017639 • Pathologic Function Gliosis is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the central nervous system. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Not very common - Between 30% and 50% cases Abnormal cerebellum morphology Commonly - More than 50% cases Delayed myelination Not very common - Between 30% and 50% cases Gliosis [mendelian.co]

Aqueduct of Sylvius Anomaly

Gliosis [ edit ] With this condition, the aqueduct begins as partially blocked. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] insidious, may occur at any time from birth to adulthood • DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST • Consider • Postinflammatory gliosis (aqueductal gliosis), particularly if history of prematurity [slideshare.net]

[…] intracranial pressure and chronic hydrocephalus may also be present, including headache, vomiting, decreased conscious state 3. congenital aqueductal webs or diaphragms gliosis [radiopaedia.org]

Distal Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 4

In advanced cases, there is gliosis. [neuropathology-web.org]

On pathological examination of the spinal cord we found ballooned neurons, neuronophagia and gliosis in family A, which have been regarded as characteristic pathological features [link.springer.com]

Loss of motor neurons and hypercellularity due to gliosis. [neuropathology-web.org]

Familial Infantile Bilateral Striatal Necrosis

Postmortem study in one patient showed severe atrophy of the lenticular nuclei with gliosis and loss of neurons. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Postmortem findings in one patient showed severe atrophy of lenticular nuclei with gliosis and neuronal loss. [pediatricneurologybriefs.com]

Acquired Porencephaly

[…] with calcification and retraction 526 Lowgrade astrocytoma no progression in two years 528 Periinsular gliosis 529 Refractory partial epilepsy gliosis of the temporal lobe [books.google.com]

[…] may result in gliosis 11. [radiopaedia.org]

On the other hand, the acquired types are usually single and unilateral, with borders usually showing evidence of old necrotic foci, gliosis, connective scar tissue, and meningeal [mdedge.com]

Striatonigral Degeneration

Caudate nucleus and external globus pallidus may exhibit slight gliosis. Striatal pathology is severe and extends to anterior ventromedial subregions in SND grade III. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neuropathologic findings are severe neuronal loss and astrocytic gliosis in the corpus striatum and substantia nigra, with a moderate neuronal loss in the dentate nucleus [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There was no cortical atrophy, gliosis or sponginess. To our knowledge, SND and OPCA in association with Pick's disease has not been previously reported. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Microscopic observations showed extensive superficial spongiosis and severe neuronal loss with gliosis in the second and third cortical layers in the frontal, temporal and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In addition, moderate to severe loss of neurons was found with gliosis and a lot of Gallyas/tau‐positive globus neurofibrillary tangles in the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus [doi.org]

Neuropathological features included neuronal loss and gliosis in the substantia nigra, locus ceruleus, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, thoracic intermediolateral nucleus [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Behr Syndrome

Similar spheroids with cell loss and gliosis were also observed in other thalamic nuclei and, rarely, in the pallida. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Similar spheroids with cell loss and gliosis were also found in the thalamus and the corpus pallidum. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

The autopsy revealed central atrophy of the optic nerves' and total disarray of the normal laminar pattern of the lateral geniculate nucleus, dropout of neurons, and gliosis [neurology.org]

Fatal Familial Insomnia

Fatal familial insomnia is characterized by sleep disturbance and loss of neurons, with gliosis in the thalamic nuclei. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] an inherited prion disease characterized by progressive insomnia and dysautonomia with only modest cognitive impairment early in the disease, associated with atrophy and gliosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Western immunoblot showed a trace of protease-resistant PrP in the thalamus--which had the most significant neuronal loss and gliosis--a moderate amount of PrP in the fronto-temporal [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Biotin-Responsive Basal Ganglia Disease

Atrophy and gliosis in the affected regions were observed in patients with chronic disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

D-F, Repwith residual atrophy and gliosis in the basal ganglia (white arrowJ Pediatr 2013;162:1291-2.0022-3476/$ - see front matter. [docslide.com.br]

Repeat MRI showed resolution of vasogenic edema but residual atrophy and gliosis in the basal ganglia. [pediatricneurologybriefs.com]

Retinal Angioma

Massive gliosis in VHL disease is a true reactive retinal gliosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PHYSICAL EXAM • Grape-like clusters of saccular dilatations filled with dark (venous) blood arising from the inner retina or optic nerve surface • Overlying gliosis/fibrosis [entokey.com]

Apoptosis detected by TUNEL revealed lack of DNA fragmentation in the angioma; in contrast, many positive signals were found in the massive gliosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Parenchymatous Cortical Cerebellar Degeneration

[…] degeneration Lithium Intoxication Lithium is a neurotoxin with a particular affinity for the cerebellum Atrophy of internal granule and Purkinje cell layers with dentate gliosis [neupsykey.com]

[…] persistent inflammatory-demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized pathologically by areas of inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss, and gliosis [ajnrdigest.org]

Autopsy of the proband’s father showed severe cerebral atrophy, gliosis, and neocortical neuronal loss. The postmortem diagnosis was AD. [alzforum.org]

Presenile Dementia with Bone Cysts

From Epidemiology ~160 cases, mainly in Finland & Japan onset third decade Pathology basal ganglia calcification gliosis white matter demyelination senile plaques neurofibrillary [anvita.info]

Histopathologically, loss of axons and myelin as well as fibrillary gliosis are observed. Molecular genetic testing confirms the diagnosis in ambiguous cases. [orpha.net]

Behavioral abnormality Personality changes Fever Arthralgia Memory impairment Rare Symptoms - Less than 30% cases Hyperbilirubinemia Peripheral demyelination Hepatic failure Gliosis [mendelian.co]

McLeod Neuroacanthocytosis Syndrome

There is neuronal loss with secondary gliosis in the caudate and globus pallidus. Similar changes may also be seen in the thalamus, substantia nigra and putamen. [radiopaedia.org]

[…] be hyperintense, indicating gliosis specifically: the head of the caudate is most often affected in ChAc, with the putamen, globus pallidus and substantia nigra affected [radiopaedia.org]

Necropsy shows loss of neurons and gliosis in the caudate and globus pallidus. Thalamus, substantia nigra, and putamen also show similar changes. [xpertdox.com]

Periventricular Leukomalacia

Gliosis is also seen in these regions, with abnormal hyperintensity (and is best seen on FLAIR). [clinical-mri.com]

MRI Axial FLAIR images of brain show: Bilateral mild ex vacuo dilatation of lateral ventricles, undulating walls with band of sub ependymal Gliosis implies to Gliosis and [neuroradiologycases.com]

Diffuse white matter gliosis Diffuse white matter gliosis, GFAP immunostain. The 2 week old patient had congenital heart disease. [neuropathology-web.org]

Secondary Optic Atrophy

Post papilledema with chronic gliosis. arterial narrowing. ""high-water"" marks. Man. [collections.lib.utah.edu]

This gliosis is not as severe as in inflammations of the optic nerve. [test.aneskey.com]

Severe optic atrophy with gliosis again in an elderly person could have been due to giant cell arteritis. [eyewiki.aao.org]

Rasmussen Syndrome

Atrophy is progressive, may be associated with cortical gliosis. Rasmussen Encephalitis, a chronic progressive encephalitis results in severe, intractable epilepsy. [neuroradiologycases.com]

Histopathologic examination of biopsy material reveals a characteristic triad of findings: perivascular lymphocytic cuffing of round cells, gliosis and microglial nodules. [asnr.org]

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 10

Radiographic features Radiographic features are nonspecific and include mainly generalized brain atrophy and white matter changes probably induced by Wallerian degeneration and gliosis [radiopaedia.org]

One autopsy and three cortical biopsies revealed moderate to severe distention of the neurons by lipopigment, with nerve cell loss, gliosis and cerebral atrophy. [scielo.br]

Klüver-Bucy Syndrome

[…] associated neurological disorders included anoxia-ischemic encephalopthy (2), herpes simplex encephalitis (1), neurocysticercosis (NCC) (1), traumatic brain injury with gliosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other conditions may also contribute to a diagnosis of KBS including ischaemia, anoxia, progressive subcortical gliosis, Rett Syndrome, Pick’s Disease, porphyria, and carbon [drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com]

Familial progressive subcortical gliosis. Neurology. 1994 ; 44 : 1633 – 1643. 7. Aichner, F. [journals.cambridge.org]

Medial Sclerosis

Microscopic features are decrease in hippocampal neurons and gliosis. [neuroradiologycases.com]

[…] marked by nystagmus, ataxia, tremor, parkinsonian facies, dysarthria, and mental deterioration. hippocampal sclerosis loss of neurons in the region of the hippocampus, with gliosis [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

The most common pathology in surgically resected specimens is that of mesial temporal sclerosis (gliosis and scarring in the mesial temporal lobe). [casemed.case.edu]

Hypertrophic Interstitial Neuropathy

[…] nodular hipertróﬁca hypertrophic nodular gliosis 22 Medicine estenosis pilórica hipertróﬁca hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 23 Medicine obesidad hipertróﬁca hypertrophic obesity [tureng.com]

gliosis nodular hipertróﬁca 14 Medicine hypertrophic obesity obesidad hipertróﬁca 15 Medicine hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy miocardiopatía hipertrófica obstructiva [termbank.com]

In the 1.8 cm. segment of atrophic thoracic spinal cord, severe, near-total transverse demyelination was identified, with relative axonal preservation, intense chronic gliosis [path.upmc.edu]

Mitochondrial Membrane Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration

MPAN is caused by mutations in C19orf12 gene, leading to iron accumulation in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, gliosis and neuronal loss. [radiopaedia.org]

The hyperintensity represents pathologic changes, including gliosis, demyelination, neuronal loss, and axonal swelling. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] in NBIA patients may result from the presence of different iron content, iron binding partners, such as ferritin and neuromelanin, as well as structural changes, such as gliosis [link.springer.com]

Peripheral Vasoproliferative Retinopathy

Over time in a long-standing mass, or following treatment, reactive gliosis predominates over the vascular component, and in the end-stage, the color of the mass changes to [ijo.in]

In the case of epiretinal gliosis or secondary macular pucker, additional vitrectomy is recommended. [tandfonline.com]

Possibly because of the varying extent of gliosis and vascular proliferation, considerable confusion exists concerning the nomenclature of VPTR in the literature. [bjo.bmj.com]

Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency

Central nervous system neuropathology may include poor myelination, paucity of cerebral cortex neurons, gliosis, and proliferation of astrocytes. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Classical magnetic resonance imaging reveals brain atrophy, ventricular dilatation, gliosis, and white matter cysts. [symptoma.com]

Hypomyelination, cystic lesions, and gliosis of the cortex or cerebellum with gray matter degeneration or necrotizing encephalopathy occur in some infants. [emedicine.medscape.com]