Glutamine Increased: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Glutamine Increased

Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria Syndrome

Attention to subtle changes in mood, behavior, and eating and/or the onset of vomiting, which may suggest that plasma concentrations of glutamine and ammonia are increasing [unboundmedicine.com]

Attention to subtle changes in mood, behavior, and eating, and/or the onset of vomiting which may suggest that plasma concentrations of glutamine and ammonia are increasing [hero.epa.gov]

During therapy with citrulline and phenylbutyrate sodium, plasma ornithine levels increased in both patients, while plasma levels of glutamine and alanine decreased to normal [jamanetwork.com]

Hyperammonemia Type 3

The plasma glutamine (4 mg/dL) level was not increased. [jamanetwork.com]

Synthesis of glutamine also reduces the total free ammonia level circulating in the blood; therefore, a significant increase in blood glutamine concentration can signal hyperammonemia [emedicine.medscape.com]

Full size image Glutamine depletion (−gln) promoted a rapid increase in AMPK activity (Fig. 4B). [nature.com]

Urea Cycle Disorder

Chromatography of amino acids in the blood showed increased glutamine and alanine. [scienceopen.com]

Symptoms of OTCD include elevated ammonia and amino acids (particularly glutamine) in the blood and increased orotic acid in the urine. [themedicalbiochemistrypage.org]

Chromatography of amino acids in the urine showed increased basic amino acids evoking a deficit of the urea cycle due to deficit of the enzyme argininosuccinate lyase. [scienceopen.com]

Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase Deficiency

[…] cell pool of glutamic acid → Decreased synthesis of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter) Increased brain glutamine level and its outflow → Increased tryptophan level in brain [epomedicine.com]

Biochemical findings include severe hyperammonemia with very low plasma levels of citrulline and arginine, high plasma levels of glutamine, increased transaminases and low [orpha.net]

Accumulation of precursors: Increased blood glutamine Increased ammonia (hyperammonemia): Cerebral edema, lethargy, vomiting, convulsions, hyperventilation Alpha-ketoglutarate [epomedicine.com]

PIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum

The dependence of glutamine increased the proliferation of cells in a normal environment and resistance to a suboptimal environment. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In the present study, it was revealed that the PIK3CA mutation in colorectal cancer (CRC) HCT116 (MUT) rendered the cells more dependent on glutamine by regulating the glutamic‑pyruvate [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hyperammonemia

However, at basal glucose glutamine stimulation increased mitochondrial activity and insulin release only in the mutant cells. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The increased level of ammonia in the central nervous system leads to a higher production and accumulation of glutamine within the astrocytes, causing increased intracellular [springerplus.springeropen.com]

Rheumatic Encephalitis

Unchanged glutamine synthetase activity and increased NMDA receptor density in epileptic human neocortex: implications for the pathophysiology of epilepsy. [revistaalergia.mx]

Hyperproglucagonemia

Permanent link CopyPermanent link http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2254245 Author BATTEZZATI, A; SIMONSON, D. C; LUZI, L; MATTHEWS, D. E Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milano, Italy University of[…] [pascal-francis.inist.fr]

Transient Hyperammonemia of the Newborn

Symptoms of OTCD include elevated ammonia and amino acids (particularly glutamine) in the blood and increased orotic acid in the urine. [themedicalbiochemistrypage.org]

glutamine. [path.upmc.edu]

Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency

Excess ammonia in the brain is metabolized to glutamine, which increases intracellular osmolarity and contributes to cytotoxic edema. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In such cases carrier risk estimation must refer to biochemical data-such as increased plasma glutamine concentration or increased orotidine excretion after allopurinol load [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The amino acid profile in the 10 patients showed increases in glutamine, proline, lysine, valine and methionine, and decreases in serine, ornithine and arginine. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Ornithine Aspartate Poisoning

Experimental studies in animals point to increased glutamine synthesis as a mechanism of the ammonia-lowering effect. [mims.com]

The resulting amino acid glutamine not only provides a nontoxic form for the excretion of ammonia but also activates the important urea cycle (intercellular glutamine exchange [mims.com]

Disorder of Ornithine Metabolism

Symptoms of OTCD include elevated ammonia and amino acids (particularly glutamine) in the blood and increased orotic acid in the urine. [themedicalbiochemistrypage.org]

glutamine. [path.upmc.edu]

Urine glutamine excretion has increased because it is excreted in compensation for the inoperative urea cycle. Free ammonia is toxic to brain. [namrata.co]

Chronic Bilirubin Encephalopathy

Sem Liver Dis 23: 259–269 CrossRef CAS Google Scholar Tofteng F, Hauerberg J, Hansen BA et al (2006) Persistent arterial hyperammonemia increases the concentration of glutamine [link.springer.com]

Citrullinemia Type 2

The plasma glutamine (4 mg/dL) level was not increased. [jamanetwork.com]

Symptoms of OTCD include elevated ammonia and amino acids (particularly glutamine) in the blood and increased orotic acid in the urine. [themedicalbiochemistrypage.org]

In classical citrullinemia type 1, failure of the urea cycle leads to the accumulation of citrulline, glutamine and ammonia in the serum and increased excretion of orotic [testguide.adhb.govt.nz]

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Glutamine increases the osmotic pressure within the astrocyte and is thought to cause mitochondrial dysfunction Clinical features Behavioral and personality changes, including [pathologyoutlines.com]

[…] from glutamate. • Increased levels of glutamine increase in osmotic pressure in astrocytes swelling of astrocytes. 13 14. [slideshare.net]

However, in contrast to what happens in other types of cells, such as skeletal muscles and kidney cells, astrocytes are not capable of increasing the glutamine synthetase [symptoma.com]

Lysinuric Protein Intolerance

Plasma amino acid analysis showed increased glutamine, alanine, and citrulline but decreased lysine, arginine and ornithine. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

LPI was diagnosed based on the findings of reduced plasma ornithine, arginine and lysine, and an increased level of glutamine. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Urinary orotic acid (645 micromol/mmol creatinine; normal <3.6) was strongly increased. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chronic Hepatic Schistosomiasis

Higher T1SI and ADC values, increased lactate and glutamine levels, and decreased myo-inositol were found in the bilateral Globus pallidus in chronic HSJ patients with PSE [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Previous studies showed increased glutamine levels in patients with hepatic encephalopathy [ 6, 8 ]. [journals.plos.org]

Hyper intensity on T1WI, increased lactate (Lac/Cr) and glutamate/glutamine (Glx/Cr) levels, and decreased myo-inositol (mI/Cr) levels on MRS were found in the chronic HSJ [journals.plos.org]

Disorder of Sulfur-Bearing Amino Acid Metabolism

However, if malnourishment is a concern, NAC should be combined with glutamine to increase glutathione levels. [sharecare.com]

Poor/Slow Wound Healing ...recommendation Glutamine “The amino acid glutamine is an important substrate for rapidly proliferating cells, including lymphocytes (white blood [diagnose-me.com]

The N-acetyl form of cysteine (NAC) can be used to increase glutathione levels in well-nourished people. [sharecare.com]

Citrullinemia Type 1

The plasma glutamine (4 mg/dL) level was not increased. [jamanetwork.com]

In UCD, glutamate and glutamine are increased in MRS, and myosinolite is decreased. In addition, a decrease in NAA, cholinergic and creatinine may be detected (8,10). [jpedres.org]

In classical citrullinemia type 1, failure of the urea cycle leads to the accumulation of citrulline, glutamine and ammonia in the serum and increased excretion of orotic [testguide.adhb.govt.nz]

Propionic Acidemia

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine whether N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) reduces plasma levels of ammonia and glutamine and increases the rate of ureagenesis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine whether N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) reduces plasma levels of ammonia and glutamine and increases the rate of [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Similarly, in a patient with propionic acidemia, NCG treatment resulted in a marked increase in urea labeling and decrease in glutamine, alanine, and glycine. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Radiation Esophagitis

In animal studies, supplementation with glutamine appears to increase NGF. Is Glutamine Safe To Give To Patients With Cancer? [integrativeoncology-essentials.com]

However, no human study, have ever shown that glutamine increased tumor growth rates or decreased the efficacy of other cancer therapies. [integrativeoncology-essentials.com]

inhibition of bacterial toxins increased tissue healing (increased fibroblast and collagen synthesis.) [integrativeoncology-essentials.com]

Uremic Encephalopathy

During the early phase of uremic encephalopathy, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) determinations indicate that levels of glycine increase and levels of glutamine and gamma-aminobutyric [emedicine.medscape.com]

Increase in the glutamine and glutamate complex peak in magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy illustrates the neuronal and astrocytic excitotoxic injury during the administration [neurologyindia.com]

Hartnup Disease

With urine chromatography, increased levels of neutral amino acids (e.g., glutamine, valine, phenylalanine, leucine, asparagine, citrulline, isoleucine, threonine, alanine [en.wikipedia.org]

Increased urinary Indican can be tested by Obermeyer test. [en.wikipedia.org]

Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency

[…] levels of glutamine and free gamma-aminobutyric acid (f-GABA) in the cerebrospinal fluid. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PC protein abundance increased during glutamine deprivation, but this did not require increased mRNA abundance. [pnas.org]

[…] of glutamine Type C. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Classic Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Glutamine and alanine concentrations increased rapidly with the concomitant fall in branched chain amino acids following initiation of a diet free of leucine, isoleucine, [nature.com]

With each infusion, regardless of the plasma branched chain amino acid concentrations, there was a transient rise in glutamate and a marked and sustained increase in glutamine [nature.com]

Kernicterus

An increased glutamate/glutamine complex/creatine ratio was found in the basal ganglia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] levels of glutamine and glutamate along with decreased levels of choline and N-acetyl-aspartate 9. [radiopaedia.org]

[…] disease progresses 7-10 DWI: normal 9 MR spectroscopy has been infrequently reported in the literature in regards to kernicterus, however existing studies have reported increased [radiopaedia.org]

Transient Neonatal Hypertyrosinemia

[…] orotic acid, increased glutamine, decreased citrulline • Inheritance: X-linked so males have severe neonatal ammonia intoxication and females can be asymptomatic Citrullinemia [quizlet.com]

[…] deficiency Symptoms and Diagnosis • Lesion: carbamyl phosphate can't form citrulline • Symptoms: Vomiting, Lethargy, Seizures, Coma, intellectual disability • Diagnosis: Increased [quizlet.com]

Neonatal-Onset Citrullinemia Type 2

Symptoms of OTCD include elevated ammonia and amino acids (particularly glutamine) in the blood and increased orotic acid in the urine. [themedicalbiochemistrypage.org]

If immediate medical attention does not occur, hyperammonemia and accumulation of other toxic metabolites, such as glutamine, result in ICP, increased neuromuscular tone, [flipper.diff.org]

The diagnosis of citrullinemia is based on biochemical analysis of blood, plasma, and urine, revealing increased levels of ammonia, citrulline, glutamine, and orotic acid. [ajnr.org]

HHHH Syndrome

Besides this biochemical signature, patients may also present with increased plasma glutamine levels and intermittent elevation of urinary orotic acid [3]. [nature.com]

The accumulation of ammonia and subsequently increased astrocytic glutamine production in concert with disturbed autoregulation of cerebral blood perfusion results in a number [medlink.com]

Some subjects also demonstrate low plasma creatine, as increased ornithine levels in this disorder inhibit arginine:glycine amidinotransferase, the first step of creatine [nature.com]

Lysine Intolerance

[…] glycine glycoproteins gonadotropins hormone human epidermis human pituitary hyperammonemia immune immunoglobulin immunological inborn errors increased infection Invest labeled [books.google.de]

[…] are increased. [ommbid.mhmedical.com]

[…] dehydrogenase Dermatol detected disease disorders Duchenne electrophoresis enzymes epidermis excretion extraction free amino acids FSH and LH genetic globulin glucose glutamic acid glutamine [books.google.de]