Hematemesis: Causes & Reasons

Warning: Do not use in emergencies, if pregnant, if under 18, or as a substitute for a doctor’s advice or diagnosis. Learn more

Possible Causes for Hematemesis

Esophagitis

Hematemesis Hematemesis is seen in patients with Herpes simplex virus esophagitis. Hematemesis Hematemesis is seen in patients with Herpes simplex virus esophagitis. [medicaljoyworks.com]

A 52-yr-old man was admitted to the hospital with severe hematemesis and syncope. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patients often present with retrosternal pain, odynophagia, and dysphagia, with abdominal pain and hematemesis being uncommon symptoms. [pharmacytimes.com]

Gastritis

[…] proton pump inhibitor use iatrogenic: forceful procedures including upper GI endoscopy and nasogastric tube insertion 2 Upper central abdominal pain (maybe severe), nausea, hematemesis [radiopaedia.org]

This bleeding can be in the form of a bloody vomit (hematemesis) or passing of black tarry stools (melaena). [myupchar.com]

[…] occasionally with vomiting, that may last 24 to 48 hours Distress that may appear as fatigue or restlessness Grimacing Loss of appetite Swollen abdomen Cramping Vomiting blood or hematemesis [healthcommunities.com]

Thrombocytopenia

Hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, hematochezia, and melena are rarely the initial symptoms of a bleeding disorder. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Acute Gastritis

Signs of mild to massive upper GI bleeding, including melena or 'coffee ground' hematemesis, may also arise. [pathwaymedicine.org]

[…] nausea and vomiting May be accompanied by local hemorrhage or mucosal sloughing Severe erosive disease may cause acute GI bleed, acute gastric ulcer Major cause of massive hematemesis [pathologyoutlines.com]

Duodenal Ulcer

The authors present the case of a 5-y-old boy having hematemesis, gastric outlet obstruction and multiple duodenal ulcers. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The 69-year-old patient was transferred due to massive hematemesis, hypotension and loss of consciousness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The lesion was successfully cauterized with a bipolar gold probe, achieving hemostatic control. 75 year-old man with hematemesis and melena. [endoatlas.com]

Gastric Ulcer

We report the case of a 67 year old male who presented with a nine year history of a gastric ulcer with symptoms of hematemesis and melena. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 1-year-old female toddler who was under a great amount of psychological stress presented with acute hematemesis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

She came to our emergency room 3 months later with hematemesis due to a large gastric ulcer, despite management with medication for over 3 months at a local clinic. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

[…] without hematemesis or coffee ground emesis could be separated out). [doi.org]

Following recovery from an episode of acute rejection, the patient presented with large volume hematemesis, melena, and hemochezia (passage of fresh blood from the rectum) [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We report the case of a 61-year-old woman, who was admitted to our institution with hematemesis and melena. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

In patients with gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding, the bleeding source is uncertain in the absence of hematemesis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

All of the emergency department visits by children ages 0 to 18 years who presented with hematemesis between 2000 and 2007 were reviewed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The clinical presentation features primarily hematemesis, melena, and epigastric pain. [symptoma.com]

Liver Cirrhosis

The child presented with complaints of malena, hematemesis and variceal bleed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We are of the opinion that airway protection at emergency endoscopy is extremely important in patients with suspected variceal bleeding, who present with hematemesis, and [wjgnet.com]

Erosive Gastritis

A 3 1/2-month-old male infant presented with hematemesis due to erosive gastritis following whole-cow's-milk feeding. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Date: 1990 Abstract: A 3 1/2 -month-old male infant presented with hematemesis due to erosive gastritis following whole-cow's-milk feeding. [ugspace.ug.edu.gh]

[…] shock, acid/alkali ingestion as part of suicide attempts, gastric irradiation or freezing, mechanical trauma (nasogastric tube), distal gastrectomy Major cause of massive hematemesis [pathologyoutlines.com]

Chronic Kidney Insufficiency

Abstract Anemia is a major problem in patients with chronic kidney insufficiency. The development of recombinant human erythropoietin has enabled physicians to correct this anemia. Although anemia has not been considered to be a common or important contributor to congestive heart failure, anemia of any cause can[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Esophageal Varices

We herein report a case of a 50-year-old male with hematemesis due to the rupture from esophageal varices coexisting with multiple liver tumors metastasizing from sigmoid [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We present a 62-year-old woman who was diagnosed with both achalasia and esophageal varices in December 2014 and had a past history of hematemesis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The clinical course of the patient was complicated by one episode of hematemesis without abdominal pain when the patient's PT was in therapeutic range. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gastropathy

RESULTS: Despite prophylactic acid suppressive therapy, upper GI bleeding findings were consistently present in high risk patients, 69.4% presenting hematemesis and 55.6% [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

May cause hematemesis; usually insignificant bleeding. [accessmedicine.mhmedical.com]

Besides, PHG is known to present as chest pain, with or without hematemesis. [journalrip.com]

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

Abstract The Mallory-Weiss syndrome is characterized by repeated bouts of retching and/or vomiting followed by the sudden onset of hematemesis or melena. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hematemesis did not recur after endoscopy. [journals.lww.com]

We report hematemesis from Mallory-Weiss tears after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Alcoholic Gastritis

Often, the first sign is hematemesis, melena, or blood in the nasogastric aspirate, usually within 2 to 5 days of the inciting event. [merckmanuals.com]

It can occasionally be severe enough to cause gastrointestinal bleeding with melena or hematemesis (see above). [gastrointestinalatlas.com]

Diaphragmatic Hernia

Incisional - Femoral Obturator hernia - Spigelian hernia Peritoneal Peritonitis ( Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) - Hemoperitoneum - Pneumoperitoneum نزيف معدي معوي Upper ( Hematemesis [marefa.org]

Esophageal Ulcer

A 28-year-old male uremic patient had a sudden onset of hematemesis on hemodialysis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 66-year-old man suffered massive hematemesis; he was diagnosed as having an aortoesophageal fistula due to an esophageal ulcer after examination by upper endoscopy, computed [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Left: 70 year-old woman with hematemesis. Endoscopy demonstrated a long, deep benign distal esophageal ulcer. Right: 88 year-old woman with hematemesis. [endoatlas.com]

Cushing Ulcer

[…] after a meal may be relieved by vomiting; ingestion of food does not help, sometimes increases pain Vomiting common Hemorrhage more likely to occur than with duodenal ulcer; hematemesis [nsgmed.com]

[…] than gastric ulcers GASTRIC ULCER Hemorrhage more likely to occur than with duodenal ulcer; hematemesis more common than melena 24. [slideshare.net]

Dyspepsia : postprandial heaviness, early satiety, and gnawing, aching or burning epigastric pain Pain relief with antacids Potential signs of internal bleeding ( anemia, hematemesis [amboss.com]

Leiomyosarcoma

The tumors may cause bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract and cause black, tarry, foul-smelling stools (melena), or vomiting of blood (hematemesis) or abdominal discomforts [rarediseases.org]

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

References: [3] [4] Clinical features Bleeding manifestations Petechiae, purpura, ecchymoses Oozing of blood from surgical wounds, intravenous lines Hematuria Hematemesis, [amboss.com]

Scarlet Fever

Scarlet fever is a common and usually benign course when treated properly. Hepatitis due to scarlet fever has been described mostly in adults. A 2 1/2-year-old boy presented with scarlet fever and jaundice, hematuria and elevated liver enzymes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Corrosive Gastritis

A 59-year-old female with depressive tendencies was admitted suffering from hematemesis and abdominal pain, two hours after ingestion of an unknown amount of toilet bowl cleaner [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Presentation Severe epigastric pain with vomiting, and hematemesis after a suicide attempt with caustic ingestion. [radiopaedia.org]

Ten days later, he was admitted due to epigastric pain and hematemesis. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

Hemophilia

[…] involvement include: • Fever • Abdominal distention and pain • Melena (bloody stool) • Hip flexion contracture (iliopsoas muscle spasm due to retroperitoneal hemorrhage) • Hematemesis [physio-pedia.com]

[…] cracking, warmth, pain, stiffness, and refusal to use joint (children) CNS: Headache, stiff neck, vomiting, lethargy, irritability, and spinal cord syndromes Gastrointestinal: Hematemesis [emedicine.medscape.com]

Stomach Perforation

Symptoms of a gastrointestinal ulceration can be abdominal pain, hematemesis, melena, weight loss. Rarely, an ulcer can lead to a gastric or duodenal perforation. [akspublication.com]

Gastrointestinal perforation results in severe abdominal pain intensified by movement, nausea, vomiting and hematemesis. [en.wikipedia.org]

Abdominal pain was the most common symptom complained by the deceased (23.8%), followed by hematemesis and vomiting, in equal percentages (14.3%) ( Figure 6 ). [akspublication.com]

Malignant Neoplasm of the Stomach

Case 1 in an 11-year-old girl presented with hematemesis. A gastroscopic examination was performed, and a pathological diagnosis of signet ring cell carcinoma was made. [ci.nii.ac.jp]

[…] loss Chronic iron deficiency anemia; (paleness, fatigue, headaches) Gastrointestinal signs Abdominal pain Early satiety Nausea or vomiting Dysphagia Acute gastric bleeding (hematemesis [amboss.com]

[…] of difficult or painful swallowing (i.e. dysphagia, odynophagia) Heartburn Retrosternal discomfort or pain Nausea, vomiting Fever, sepsis Abdominal pain Epigastric pain Hematemesis [physio-pedia.com]

Primary Immune Deficiency Disorder

[…] dysplasias Thymic defects: DiGeorge syndrome Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: average age at diagnosis is 21 months, bleeding in the first three years of life (28% of patients have hematemesis [aafp.org]

Gastric Cancer

In the presence of larger tumors that obstruct normal passage of food or impair normal stomach function, nausea, vomiting, and early satiety might be reported, whereas hematemesis [symptoma.com]

Case 1 in an 11-year-old girl presented with hematemesis. A gastroscopic examination was performed, and a pathological diagnosis of signet ring cell carcinoma was made. [ci.nii.ac.jp]

Stomach Abscess

[…] tolerance耐糖性 graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)移植片対宿主病 gram-negative bacilli グラム陰性桿菌 greater curvature大彎 h hamartoma過誤腫 heartburn胸やけ Helicobacter pylori ヘリコバクターピロリ hemangioma血管腫 hematemesis [tokyo-med.ac.jp]

Gastric Leiomyoma

CASE REPORT Year : 2016 Volume : 23 Issue : 1 Page : 49-51 Gastric leiomyoma presenting with massive hematemesis in a Nigerian 1 Consultant Gastroenterologist, ReMay Consultancy [wajradiology.org]

A 67-years-old patient was admitted to our attention due to two episodes of hematemesis and melena occurred in the previous two days. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

As the patient had suffered three attacks of hematemesis, two of which had been so severe as to reduce him to a state of shock, exploration [jamanetwork.com]

Gastric Adenocarcinoma

A 13-year-old boy presented with complaints of abdominal pain, hematemesis, headache, and leg pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 55-year-old male presented with upper abdominal bloating followed by modest hematemesis that led to the diagnosis of an ulcerated poorly differentiated (with signet ring [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

With increasing progression, bleeding occurs, and the blood is expelled as hematemesis, melena or hematochezia. [symptoma.com]