Hematochezia: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Hematochezia

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

The prevalence of an upper GI source for patients with melena or hematochezia without hematemesis was 32% to 74%. [doi.org]

The most common symptom is abdominal pain, while the incidence of hematochezia is relatively low. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology and Work-Up Assessment of the etiology of hematochezia begins with ruling out an upper GI source of the bleed; 10% to 15% of patients presenting with hematochezia [mdedge.com]

Colonic Diverticulosis

Figure 1 A 42-year-old man with a history of mild, intermittent pain on the lower left side of the abdomen presented with an episode of painless hematochezia. [nejm.org]

Diverticular bleeding manifests as painless hematochezia. Because the bleeding vessel is an arteriole, the amount of blood loss is usually moderate to severe. [merckmanuals.com]

M.D. 4 Citing Articles Figure 1 A 42-year-old man with a history of mild, intermittent pain on the lower left side of the abdomen presented with an episode of painless hematochezia [nejm.org]

Colonic Angiodysplasia

There was no anorexia, abdominal swelling, diarrhea, or hematochezia. Abdomino-pelvic ultrasonography showed normal findings. [njcponline.com]

Both the patients had no history of gastrointestinal bleeding such as melena or hematochezia. [saudijgastro.com]

Black, tarry stools ( melena ) and occasional episodes of bright red blood rectal bleeding ( hematochezia ) may be the only obvious signs of angiodysplasia. [healthhype.com]

Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome

We report a case of a 58-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital with a 6-month history of frequent diarrhea, intermittent hematochezia and a weight loss of 13 kg. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The patient experienced a history of diarrhea and hematochezia for 4 months, with abdominal pain for 1 month and additional nail and toenail loss for half a month. [spandidos-publications.com]

Consistent with this, in the present case study, the patient initially experienced diarrhea and hematochezia, followed by abdominal pain, nail and toenail loss, onychatrophy [spandidos-publications.com]

Digestive System Melanoma

DSM may induce gastrointestinal hemorrhages leading to hematemesis, melena, or hematochezia, and clinical anemia. [symptoma.com]

Case Report An 82-year-old female with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diastolic cardiomyopathy presented with three weeks of fatigue, abdominal distention, and hematochezia [hindawi.com]

Cecal Adenocarcinoma

Case report: An 18-year-old female Egyptian patient was admitted with hematochezia and remarkable anemia. [dovepress.com]

[…] for a year. 62 year old woman with abdominal pain and hematochezia. [endoatlas.com]

Proximal tumors will cause occult fecal blood and anemia, whereas distal tumors will cause more changes in bowel habits and hematochezia. [med-ed.virginia.edu]

Volvulus

Patients typically show features of bowel obstruction (abdominal pain, distension, bilious vomiting) or of bowel ischemia and gangrene ( tachycardia, hypotension, hematochezia [amboss.com]

Vomiting – non-bilious and bilious vomiting ( bile vomiting ) Recurrent abdominal pain Lack of appetite Malnutrition Constipation Bloody stools ( hematochezia ) As ischemia [healthhype.com]

Carcinoma of the Rectum

Nine months later, he was found to have hematochezia and acute anemia. [cureus.com]

A 40-year-old woman with hematochezia and change in bowel habits was studied. The main laboratory finding was a mild anemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Case An 82-year-old female was admitted for worsening abdominal pain, hematochezia, and bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy with right-sided purulent discharge. [karger.com]

Colon Carcinoma

The presenting symptoms varied and included abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and hematochezia, with symptom duration ranging from a few days to 4 [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 68 year-old woman visited our hospital because of constipation and hematochezia. [kci.go.kr]

This patient also reported mild intermittent hematochezia (about 10–12 episodes) for a month and gave a pertinent history of colon cancer in his mother at the age of 50. [karger.com]

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Common symptoms included fatigue, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating and hematochezia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, 9 months into his clinical course he developed hematochezia with perirectal abscess and fistula. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Jejunal Diverticulosis

Figure 1 Case 3: A 62-year-old male on warfarin presented to the emergency department with melena and hematochezia. Neither EGD nor colonoscopy showed an active bleed. [journals.lww.com]

Diverticular bleeding manifests as painless hematochezia. Because the bleeding vessel is an arteriole, the amount of blood loss is usually moderate to severe. [merckmanuals.com]

[…] can also be used to delineate obscure sources of GIB. 1 Case Report A 63-year old woman was referred to our institution from a community hospital with a 3-day history of hematochezia [acgcasereports.gi.org]

Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum

We describe a 13-year-old girl with short stature and delayed puberty who presented with hematochezia and recurrent abdominal pain for 1 year, and progressive weight loss [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Case An 82-year-old female was admitted for worsening abdominal pain, hematochezia, and bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy with right-sided purulent discharge. [karger.com]

The presence of hematochezia is six-times greater in a LGIB than with a UGIB.[5] Occasionally, a person with a LGIB will not present with any signs of internal bleeding, especially [en.wikipedia.org]

Peptic Ulcer

Conclusions: The presence of co-morbidities, use of multiple drugs, albumin levels, and initial presentations with hematemesis/hematochezia can be indicators of rebleeding [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] ulcer patients 1 most common cause of upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage variable presentation incidental: fecal occult blood positive test acute presentation: melena / hematochezia [radiopaedia.org]

Hemorrhoids

Five patients, who presented with severe hematochezia or obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, during a 24-month period had had an extensive workup for gastrointestinal bleeding [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These include hematochezia, congestive haemorrhoidal cushions and inflammation of perianal mucosa in the short term. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Characteristic symptoms include tearing pain with defecation and hematochezia that is usually present as blood on the toilet paper. [dx.doi.org]

Duodenal Ulcer

The patient was admitted through the emergency department due to severe hematochezia and ongoing anemia; he presented with neither abdominal pain nor abdominal distension. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Perforated Peptic Ulcer

Posterior perforation onto the pancreas, potentially leading to pancreatitis Hematemesis Melena Hematochezia What should you establish upon suspicion of perforated ulcer? [quizlet.com]

[…] caused by acid hypersecretion H. pylori in >70% of gastric ulcers Other causes include: NSAIDS corticosteroids tobacco ETOH Presentation Symptoms nausea hematemesis melena or hematochezia [step2.medbullets.com]

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

A 34-year-old man was referred to our department with a 6-year history of intermittent hematochezia without any other discomfort after undergoing partial colectomy in February [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Symptoms are uncommon until the adenomas are large and numerous causing hematochezia or anemia. [symptoma.com]

The most common clinical presentation in children with colonic polyposis was hematochezia. A family history of colonic polyposis was noted in 7 children. [kci.go.kr]

Adenocarcinoma of the Colon

Approximately six months after the initial surgery, he again presented complaining of hematochezia. [omicsonline.org]

Proximal tumors will cause occult fecal blood and anemia, whereas distal tumors will cause more changes in bowel habits and hematochezia. [med-ed.virginia.edu]

This patient also reported mild intermittent hematochezia (about 10–12 episodes) for a month and gave a pertinent history of colon cancer in his mother at the age of 50. [karger.com]

3Beta-Hydroxy-Delta5-C27-Steroid Oxidoreductase Deficiency

[…] evident and patients may have fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption with rickets, corrected by vitamin supplementation, and/or other complications including bleeding diathesis (hematochezia [malacards.org]

Factor VII Deficiency

Other signs of bleeding include hematuria, melena, or hematochezia. Physical exam Bruising may be apparent on examination. [symptoma.com]

Bleeding in the stomach, intestines and urogenital tract can also occur resulting in blood in the urine (hematuria) or black, tarry, bloody stools (melena or hematochezia) [rarediseases.org]

Malignant Neoplasm of the Small Intestine

Treatment • risk for subsequent complications – obstruction – intussusceptions – Hemorrhage - usually occult; hematochezia or hematemesis may occur – For final diagnosis - [slideshare.net]

Ulcerative Colitis

Within two months, she was re-admitted to our hospital, presenting with hematochezia and lower abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Because of the ongoing hematochezia, after successful revascularization of the culprit vessel, the patient was medicated with Clopidogrel, in place of one of the more powerful [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Furthermore, he recovered from hematochezia, and his hypersensitive C reactive protein decreased. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Type 1

Hematochezia Hematochezia is usually a bright red color. Remember, hematochezia is caused by bleeding in your colon, which is fairly close to your anus. [healthline.com]

The patient experienced a history of diarrhea and hematochezia for 4 months, with abdominal pain for 1 month and additional nail and toenail loss for half a month. [spandidos-publications.com]

The abdomen is more or less painful on palpation and evidence of hematochezia may be present. [symptoma.com]

Pediatric Crohn Disease

The patient experienced a history of diarrhea and hematochezia for 4 months, with abdominal pain for 1 month and additional nail and toenail loss for half a month. [spandidos-publications.com]

0001217 Clubbing of fingers Clubbed fingers Clubbing (hands) Finger clubbing [ more ] 0100759 Glossitis Inflammation of the tongue Smooth swollen tongue [ more ] 0000206 Hematochezia [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Patient made NPO (nothing by mouth) IV fluids as needed Nasogastric tube placement General surgery consultation Pain control Upper GI bleed[14] Abdominal pain (epigastric), hematochezia [en.wikipedia.org]

Acquired Hemophilia

A 33-month-old girl who presented with hematochezia and ecchymotic skin lesions was diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia by serology and polymerase chain reaction [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Furthermore, most patients experience epistaxis, gastrointestinal hemorrhages provoking melena and/or hematochezia, and hematuria due to lesions of the urinary tract. [symptoma.com]

[…] immunoglobulin types G, A, or M, directed against coagulation factors causes a propensity to bleed that manifests in form of spontaneous hemorrhages, e.g., epistaxis, melena and hematochezia [symptoma.com]

Toxic Megacolon

His hospital course was characterized by the poor response of his symptoms to treatment, and by the subsequent development of intermittent hematochezia and, eventually, acute [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] responded to treatment with tincture of opium and pulsed steroids for possible autologous graft-versus-host disease. 18 However, on day +18, the diarrhea returned with frank hematochezia [nature.com]

Diverticulitis

Chronic diverticular disease can also present with abdominal pain and hematochezia, mimicking inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). [clinicaladvisor.com]

Symptoms of SCAD include hematochezia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. [msdmanuals.com]

A hemoglobin level is important in patients who report hematochezia. Electrolyte assays may be helpful in the patient who is vomiting or has diarrhea. [emedicine.com]

Mucormycosis

Hematochezia of 150 ml daily was observed for which he underwent colonoscopy. [jpgmonline.com]

Symptoms of GI mucormycosis include abdominal pain and distension, nausea, vomiting blood, tenderness upon palpation and hematochezia. [symptoma.com]

A Rare Cause of Hematochezia: Colon Mucormycosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Aug 28. [Medline]. Chawla N, Reddy SJ, Agrawal M. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Cytomegalovirus Infection

Patients with CMV enterocolitis most often present with diarrhea, fever and weight loss, abdominal pain and hematochezia 2. [radiopaedia.org]

Among patients complaining of diarrhea, grossly hematochezia was seen in 53%. [karger.com]

Infection of the gastrointestinal tract can result in CMV colitis with symptoms of diarrhea, hematochezia, and abdominal pain that may progress to perforation of bowel. [renalandurologynews.com]

Amebiasis

All patients with hematochezia examined by proctosigmoidoscopy had colitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[Cases] Chronic diarrhea with episodes of hematochezia 혈변으로 내원하였고 cecum과 rectum에 병변이 있었음. 2015년 대한내시경학회 제주지회 심포지엄. 송현주 교수님 증례 2017-11-16. 전북개원내과심포지엄. 변정식 교수님 강의. [endotoday.com]