Hepatomegaly: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Hepatomegaly

Cor Pulmonale

Findings include peripheral edema, neck vein distention, hepatomegaly, and a parasternal lift. Diagnosis is clinical and by echocardiography. [merckmanuals.com]

[…] gallop rhythm (3rd [S3] and 4th [S4] heart sounds) augmented during inspiration, distended jugular veins (with a dominant a wave unless tricuspid regurgitation is present), hepatomegaly [msdmanuals.com]

[…] rhythm (3rd [S 3 ] and 4th [S 4 ] heart sounds) augmented during inspiration, distended jugular veins (with a dominant a wave unless tricuspid regurgitation is present), hepatomegaly [merckmanuals.com]

Infectious Mononucleosis

The patient showed severe hepatomegaly incidentally, and dual positivity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) M to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral capsid antigen (VCA) and cytomegalovirus [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hepatomegaly Hepatomegaly is found in some patients, it is associated with deranged liver functions and intra hepatic cholestasis. [medicaljoyworks.com]

[…] splenomegaly possible splenic rupture splenic infarction has been reported 3 generalized lymphadenopathy, including cervical lymphadenopathy tonsillar enlargement possible hepatomegaly [radiopaedia.org]

Hemochromatosis

At this stage, there may be no abnormal physical signs or only a minimal degree of hepatomegaly. [clevelandclinicmeded.com]

[…] transferrin saturation (TS); ALT; AST; GGT; elevated C-reactive protein; ß-thalassemia; neutrophils; lymphocytes; monocytes; platelets; metacarpophalangeal joint hypertrophy; hepatomegaly [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Liver abnormalities associated with classic hereditary hemochromatosis include hepatomegaly, and scarring of the liver (cirrhosis), high blood pressure of the branches of [rarediseases.org]

Chronic Right-Sided Congestive Heart Failure

Right sided heart failure Right sided heart failure Right sided heart failure Right sided heart failure Anasarca (massive generalized body edema) Right sided heart failure Hepatomegaly [quizlet.com]

Abdominal examination elicited pain during superficial palpation on the right upper quadrant with hepatomegaly identification, with no signs of ascites. [austinpublishinggroup.com]

Hepatomegaly - Centrilobular congestion and atrophy of central hepatocytes (nutmeg liver). [histopathology-india.net]

Cholestatic Jaundice

Hard & nodular hepatomegaly – ? metastatic malignancy. 6. [slideshare.net]

[…] congenital anomalies of the bile duct) Pancreatitis Fever with Abdominal Pain Gallstones Choledochal cyst Stricture Abdominal Mass Pancreatitis Choledochal cyst Liver cancer Hepatomegaly [healthhype.com]

Hepatomegaly Alcoholic liver disease, primary or secondary hepatic neoplasm, infiltrative disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis. 2. [slideshare.net]

Portal Cirrhosis

The presence of this triad in a patient with unexplained hepatomegaly is indicative of portal cirrhosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The liver becomes large, even huge (hepatomegaly). The normal liver weighs about 1,200 grams (2.6 lb). [en.wikipedia.org]

Constrictive Pericarditis

Examination revealed raised jugular venous pressure (JVP), pitting pedal oedema, muffled heart sounds, bilateral pleural effusion and hepatomegaly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Most impressive physical findings are often the insidious development of ascites of hepatomegaly and ascites, such patients are often mistakenly thought to suffer from hepatic [learningradiology.com]

[…] of the filling of all heart chambers Signs and Symptoms Reduced cardiac output Fatigue Hypotension Tachycardia Elevated systemic venous pressure Jugular venous distension Hepatomegaly [learningradiology.com]

Alcoholic Liver Disease

This diagnosis was based on marked hepatomegaly, caudate lobe hypertrophy and failure to visualize hepatic veins by Doppler-ultrasound examination. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

At the time of biopsy, hepatomegaly and raised serum transaminases were present as well as neurologic and growth defects and the typical facial anomalies seen in this syndrome [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Initial stages of ALD may be asymptomatic apart from hepatomegaly and slightly elevated liver function tests. [symptoma.com]

Primary Myelofibrosis

The patient, a 62-year-old female, having had primary myelofibrosis for 13 years and a splenectomy 4 years before, was admitted because of high fever, hepatomegaly, thrombocythemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] manifestations depend on the type of blood cell affected and may include anemia, pallor, splenomegaly, hypermetabolic state, petechiae, ecchymosis, bleeding, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly [orpha.net]

[…] abdominal discomfort, early satiety, and 15-lb weight loss over the past 5 months Abdominal examination reveals splenomegaly, palpable 8 cm. below the costal margin without hepatomegaly [targetedonc.com]

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis

Hepatomegaly was present in all patients and splenomegaly in all but one. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The age at presentation ranged from 1.8-14 years (mean: 7.5 years); clinical manifestations at diagnosis were splenomegaly (12), hepatomegaly (11), failure to thrive (10), [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Firm or hard hepatomegaly is present nearly in all patients, often with a prominent left lobe, and this is usually one of the presenting signs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hepatic Sarcoidosis

Clinical presentation was with weight loss, hepatomegaly and abnormal liver function tests. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hepatomegaly was observed in all patients as well as abnormal serum liver function test reflected by anicteric cholestasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

About half of patients had abnormal imaging study with hypodense nodular lesions being the most common abnormality (six patients) followed by hepatomegaly (three patients) [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Juvenile Seronegative Polyarthritis

Individuals with systemic arthritis may also have a skin rash or enlargement of the lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), liver (hepatomegaly), or spleen (splenomegaly).Oligoarticular [icdlist.com]

Still's Disease) High daily Relapsing Fever >39 degrees persists over 2 weeks (most distinguishes this type from others) Polyarticular involvement with >4 joints involved Hepatomegaly [fpnotebook.com]

Abdominal examination - may reveal evidence of hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly. Examine other systems as indicated by the history and clinical hypotheses. [patient.info]

Hepatosplenic Lymphoma

It occurs mainly in young adults presenting with splenomegaly and most often with hepatomegaly but without lymphadenopathy. [bloodjournal.org]

Case report 2 A 9-year-old boy had a progressive splenomegaly, mild hepatomegaly and thrombocytopenia. [adc.bmj.com]

On ultrasound of abdomen: Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly CT scan Tumor mass can be seen in liver or spleen or both. MRI Tumor mass can be seen in liver or spleen or both. [wikidoc.org]

Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and sore throat are also common. [slideshare.net]

Other characteristic manifestations include a prodromal sore throat, arthralgias, myalgias, weight loss, serositis, hepatomegaly (often with elevated hepatic enzymes), splenomegaly [rheumnow.com]

Minor criteria may include sore throat, lymphadenopathy, negative rheumatoid factor, abnormal liver function tests, hepatomegaly or splenomegaly. [press.mu-varna.bg]

Adult-Onset Still Disease

Physical examination revealed pallor, hepatomegaly. [ijnm.in]

Elevated acute-phase reactants: elevated ESR, CRP, white count, and hyperferritinemia (69-97% of patients) -Other findings that may be found include: myalgia, sore throat, hepatomegaly [utswim.wordpress.com]

Other systemic manifestations included sore throat, transient arthritis, abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hyperferritinemia, and hepatic dysfunction [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hereditary Fructose Intolerance

He presented with episodic unconsciousness, seizures, hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly and abnormal liver function. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Herein we report on a case of hereditary fructose intolerance with initial presentation of episodic unconsciousness, seizure, hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, and abnormal liver [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The most frequent clinical findings were hepatomegaly (18X), pallor (14X), haemorrhages (13X). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pyogenic Liver Abscess

Patients presenting with abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, and ascites should be carefully evaluated from this point of view. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The main features were febrile illness with hepatomegaly and sudden loss of eyesight. Visual acuity was light perception in both eyes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

On his admission to the emergency unit, he had right upper quadrant pain, fever of 39 degrees C and hepatomegaly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Giant Cell Hepatitis

Few cases of children with HIDS presenting with hepatomegaly and hepatitis have been described. [hindawi.com]

The hepatitis group had the highest frequencies of high-grade hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Fifty six cases completely recovered. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There was jaundice and hepatomegaly. Others systems were normal. [pediatriconcall.com]

Liver Abscess

An examination was unremarkable apart from a mild non-tender hepatomegaly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 63-year-old male with a history of anorexia for 3 weeks, fever for 4 days and examination findings of tender hepatomegaly with a liver [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The main clinical features were fever (100%), right hypochodric pain (100%), tender hepatomegaly (90%) and intercostal tenderness (60%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type 2

The phenotype of the patient was severe, including joint stiffness, kyphosis, hepatomegaly, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, moderate mental retardation, and bilateral hearing [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Protuberant abdomen Diarrhea Short stature Skeletal deformities Joint stiffness Inguinal or umbilical hernia Developmental delay Intellectual disability Hyperactivity Seizures Hepatomegaly [symptoma.com]

Sistemik muayenede korneal bulutlanma (11 olgu) işitme kaybı (5 olgu), hepatomegali (4 olgu), adenoid hipertrofi (opere edilmiş 4 olgu), kardiyak tutulum (9 olgu), tüm hastalarda [egetipdergisi.com.tr]

Glycogen Storage Disease

The child presented with progressive abdominal swelling due to marked hepatomegaly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

They were ultimately found to have hepatomegaly, fasting hypoglycemia, mild elevation of transaminases and ketosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abdominal examination of all cases revealed abdominal distention and soft hepatomegaly which had bright echogenicity by ultrasound. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1

The syndrome results in hepatomegaly secondary to glycogen accumulation, glucose and galactose intolerance, fasting hypoglycaemia, a characteristic proximal tubular nephropathy [en.wikipedia.org]

Abstract A male child presented at 5 months of age with vomiting, diarrhoea, hypoglycaemia and hepatomegaly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although severe hypoglycemia is one of the classical presentations in the newborns, it is more common for infants to develop hepatomegaly at the age 3-4 months. [xpertdox.com]

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 4

Patients can be given appropriate diet to reduce hepatomegaly and cirrhosis and complications can be delayed. [symptoma.com]

Glycogen Disease of the Liver Leads to hepatomegaly Types: 1, 3, 4, 6 Glycogen Disease of the Muscle Exercise intolerance and muscle weakness Types: 5 and 7 Glycogen storage [quizlet.com]

Presentation Suspect in infants and children with growth restriction, hypoglycaemia and hepatomegaly. [patient.info]

Pompe Disease

Later onset forms are characterized by skeletal muscle weakness, respiratory insufficiency and hepatomegaly. Cardiac involvement is usually absent or mild. [genedx.com]

Patients have also organomegaly (hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, macroglossia) and feeding difficulties. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

His brother also had hepatomegaly and elevated liver enzyme. [repository.ajou.ac.kr]

Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease

Increased levels of cholesterol and hepatomegaly were the first findings. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Because of persistent hepatomegaly, she was referred to the liver clinic. [hindawi.com]

Hepatomegaly was the most common presenting sign, and it is reported in the literature that hepatomegaly could persist as the only CESD sign for years (8–10). [journals.lww.com]

Wolman Disease

Hepatomegaly and/or elevation of liver transaminases are almost always present. Hepatic steatosis often leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hepatomegaly is noted on CT scan in both WD and CESD. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] storage disease and Wolman disease are sphingolipidoses, an inherited disorder of metabolism, caused by lysosomal acid lipase deficiency resulting in hyperlipidemia and hepatomegaly [msdmanuals.com]

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 6

Hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia are common consequences, although the symptoms are usually mild. [symptoma.com]

In some cases, hepatomegaly may be massive. However, splenomegaly is always absent. Adult patients may have mild or no hepatomegaly. [humpath.com]

Findings from imaging studies may reveal hepatomegaly. Liver biopsy may be required to diagnose the cause of hepatomegaly. [emedicine.com]

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 3

Hepatomegaly and growth retardation are other common features. [symptoma.com]

Reaction catalyzed by glycogen debranching enzyme Deficiency in glycogen debranching activity causes hepatomegaly, ketotic hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, variable skeletal [themedicalbiochemistrypage.org]

Clinically, patients with GSD III present in infancy or early childhood with hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, and growth retardation. [humpath.com]

Passive Congestion of the Liver

However, moderate congestion causes right upper quadrant discomfort (due to stretching of the liver capsule) and tender hepatomegaly. [merckmanuals.com]

[…] inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic veins (HVs) Heterogeneous, mottled, reticulated, mosaic hepatic parenchymal pattern Periportal low attenuation (perivascular lymphedema) Hepatomegaly [radiologykey.com]

Mild right upper quadrant abdominal pain has been reported to be the result of hepatomegaly and stretching of the hepatic Glisson capsule 1. [radiopaedia.org]

Cardiac Cirrhosis

Hepatomegaly Hepatomegaly is common, usually presenting as a firm, hard liver. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Congestive hepatopathy is suspected in patients who have right-sided heart failure, jaundice, and tender hepatomegaly. [merckmanuals.com]

However, moderate congestion causes right upper quadrant discomfort (due to stretching of the liver capsule) and tender hepatomegaly. [merckmanuals.com]