Hexadactyly: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Hexadactyly

Curry-Hall Syndrome

Clinical aspects Slightly short stature (height usually around the 5th percentile), postaxial polydactyly Type A (hexadactyly) of the hands and feet, fusion of the fifth and [accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com]

The patient was also diagnosed of having Weyer's acrofacial dysostosis which is characterized by hexadactyly affecting all four extremities, small and deeply set nails, dental [cambridge.org]

Congenital Sodium Diarrhea

Polydactyly

Far and away the most frequent form of hexadactyly is ulnar (postaxial) hexadactyly. Next comes radial (preaxial) hexadactyly. [medicinenet.com]

The present case adds to the literature of postaxial hexadactyly of the fingers in chromosome 9p deletion syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Other than describing polydactyly based on the position of the accessory digit, it can also be described by the number of total digits e.g. hexadactyly (six digits), or even [radiopaedia.org]

Crossed Polysyndactyly

In declining order of frequency, the following 11 polydactyly types have been recognized: postaxial hexadactyly (78%); preaxial hexadactyly (17%); 7 or more digits (1%); crossed [rrnursingschool.biz]

ACROSYNDACTYLY UNILATERAL ADACTYLIA BRACHYDACTYLY VENTRUTO DIGIROLAMO FESTA SYNDROME BRACHYSYNDACTYLY CAMPTOBRACHYDACTYLY CAMPTODACTYLY SYNDROME CLINODACTYLY ECTRODACTYLY HEXADACTYLY [catsclem.nl]

Polydactyly or polydactylism/polydactylia or bifid finger/toe or duplex or finger du-/tri-plication or hexadactyly or hyperdactyly or hyperphalangism or intercalary digit [myslide.es]

Laurence Moon Syndrome

She had polydactyly (hexadactyly), syndactyly in both feet (Figure 1(a)), and polydactyly in the left hand (Figure 1(b)). She had a slow gait. [hindawi.com]

Intellectual disability, hexadactyly, central diabetes insepidus, blindness (usually by 30 years due to central retinal degeneration). [en.wikipedia.org]

The physical examination put in evidence an hexadactyly of the feet and scars on both hands, as a consequence of the previous amputation of the sixth finger. [healio.com]

Ellis-Van Creveld Syndrome

On post-mortem examination, bilateral postaxial hexadactyly and symmetrical shortness of the long bones was noted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patients with EvC syndrome characteristically presents with congenitally missing teeth, abnormal frenal attachment, microdontia, and hexadactyly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prenatal abnormalities (that may be detected by ultrasound examination) include narrow thorax, shortening of long bones, hexadactyly and cardiac defects. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Trisomy 20p

The patient presented with dysmorphic features, mental retardation, poor coordination, cardiac malformation, kyphosis, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and preaxial hexadactyly [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] of endocardial cushion defects in association with shortening of the long bones should alert clinicians to the possibility of EvC syndrome and prompt a careful search of hexadactyly [ingentaconnect.com]

Central Polydactyly of Toes

Other than describing polydactyly based on the position of the accessory digit, it can also be described by the number of total digits e.g. hexadactyly (six digits), or even [radiopaedia.org]

Polydactyly (from Ancient Greek means 'πολύς' (polus) or "many" + 'δάκτυλος' (daktulos) "finger[s]"), also known as polydactylism, sexdactyly, hexadactyly, or hexadactylism [en.wikinews.org]

Discussion: - polydactyly in the foot usually involes a single duplication (hexadactyly) - associated anomalies: - duplications occur bilaterally in about 40-50% of patients [wheelessonline.com]

Mesomelic Dysplasia Type Savarirayan

Premature ossification of the femoral capital epiphyses occasional postaxial hexadactyly cone-shaped epiphyses in childhood peripheral dysostosis See also rhizomelic dwarfism [radiopaedia.org]

Reinhardt-Pfeiffer Acromesomelic (middle and distal segment limb shortening) chondroectodermal dysplasia - Ellis-van Creveld syndrome similar to asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia but (a) hexadactyly [radiopaedia.org]

Congenital Generalized Hypertrichosis Type Ambras

broad palpebral fissures, long nose with round tip, wide interalar distance, anteverted nares, short integumental lower lip, and flat mentolabialissulcus, occasionally hexadactyly [jisppd.com]

Occasional patients have hexadactyly and supranumery nipples. [reviewessays.com]

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Type 11

Hexadactyly was present in both lower limbs, along with syndactyly of fifth finger in the left upper limb and malformed fifth finger in the right upper limb [Figure 2] and [mjdrdypu.org]

Although BBS is considered to be a developmental disorder, the only clues in utero may be hexadactyly and hyperechoic kidneys. [blueprintgenetics.com]

Family A All three affected members presented clinical features of obesity, retinitis pigmentosa, postaxial polydactyly (hexadactyly), mental delay, hypertension, and cutaneous [molvis.org]

Willems-de Vries-van der Weerd Syndrome

The proband shows the full spectrum of anomalies, including imperforate anus, prominent perineal raphe, rectoperineal fistula, triphalangeal thumb, preaxial hexadactyly, syndactyly [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Received: 08 January 1990 Accepted: 22 April 1990 Issue Date: December 1990 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02072048 Key words Townes-Brocks syndrome Imperforate anus Pre-axial hexadactyly [link.springer.com]

Mesomelic Dysplasia Type Reinhardt-Pfeiffer

We describe a patient with mesomelic dysplasia with findings suggestive of the Nievergelt syndrome and with absence of fibulae and hexadactyly. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Type 14

Figure 2: Postaxial polydactyly with hexadactyly of hands and feet Figure 3: Postaxial polydactyly with hexadactyly of hands and feet Figure 4: Hypogonadism with micropenis [ijdvl.com]

There was postaxial polydactyly with hexadactyly of all four limbs [Figure - 2] and [Figure - 3] and features of hypogonadism with testicular volume of 2 ml (normal 10-12 [ijdvl.com]

Barnicoat-Baraitser Syndrome

Were noted at birth a congenital hydrops, a chondrodystrophy, a severe hypoplastic face as well as an ulnar (postaxial) hexadactyly on all four limbs. [meta.org]

Partial Monosomy 8p

9 Prenatal diagnosis of de novo partial trisomy 13q (13q22 --> qter) and partial monosomy 8p (8p23.3 --> pter) associated with holoprosencephaly, premaxillary agenesis, hexadactyly [malacards.org]

Prenatal diagnosis of de novo partial trisomy 13q (13q22 --> qter) and partial monosomy 8p (8p23.3 --> pter) associated with holoprosencephaly, premaxillary agenesis, hexadactyly [karger.com]

Short Rib-Polydactyly Syndrome, Verma-Naumoff Type

Fetal ultrasound revealed a narrow thorax, short ribs, short limbs with marginal spurs, and postaxial hexadactyly in both the hands and feet. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Post-mortem examination revealed shortening of limbs, especially proximally, extremely narrow chest, post-axial hexadactyly of hands and feet, normal male genitalia, hypoplastic [eurorad.org]

The tibia is disproportionately short, hexadactyly can be either pre- or postaxial, and the pelvis is grossly normal, with premature ossification of the proximal femoral epiphyses [rrnursingschool.biz]

Pashayan Syndrome

[…] tetralogy of Fallot), tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies (urethral atresia with hydronephrosis), and radial aplasia (or other limb anomalies such as humeral hypoplasia, hexadactyly [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

Autosomal Dominant Mandibulofacial Dysostosis with Ptosis

Feet: Perfect postaxial hexadactyly with nails; mild congenital clubfoot deformity (calcaneo-valgus), and flat feet (Fig. 4). 434 Opitz et al. Fig. 2. [docslide.com.br]

Home Documents Mandibulofacial dysostosis or bilateral hemifacial microsomia with hearing loss, telecanthus, tetramelic postaxial hexadactyly, congenital hypotonia and lymphedema [docslide.com.br]

[…] of Medical Genetics 33:433-435 (1989) New Syndrome ~~ Mandibulofacial Dysostosis or Bilateral Hemifacial Microsomia With Hearing Loss, Telecanthus, Tetramelic Postaxial Hexadactyly [docslide.com.br]

Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis

However, neither megalocornea, Dandy-Walker malformation, postaxial hexadactyly, rocker-bottom feet, nor atrial septal defect, as observed in our patient, has been reported [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type 6

Median cleft lip associated with bimanual hexadactyly and bilateral accessory toes. Br J Plast Surg 1982; 35: 354–355. [journals.sagepub.com]

Median cleft of the upper lip in association with bilateral hexadactyly and accessory toes. [link.springer.com]

Median cleft lip associated with bimanual hexadactyly and bilateral accessory toes: Another case. [link.springer.com]

Acrofacial Dysostosis Type Rodríguez

Weyers acrofacial dysostosis is present from birth, affects both sexes, and is characterized by postaxial polydactyly of the hands and feet, hexadactyly and fusion of fifth [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Type 6

Table 3 Genotype/Phenotype correlations Full size table In our cohort, hexadactyly was found in all patients with a molecular diagnosis. [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

Although the common postaxial hexadactyly is evident at birth, in absence of a family history the diagnosis is usually made after the manifestation of ocular involvement. [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

All patients with a molecular diagnosis had polydactyly of one or both hands or feet, in most cases hexadactyly of feet as well as hands (N = 6) (Table 2 and Additional file [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

Fibular Dimelia-Diplopodia Syndrome

[…] duplication/distal bifid thumb phalangeal bone Thumb hypoplasia/aplasia/absence Trident hand/split hand/abnormal median ray Ulnar deviation of fingers Upper limb polydactyly/hexadactyly [readbag.com]

Acalvaria

Cardiac anomalies, omphalocele, hypertelorism, cleft mouth and palate, renal tubular dysgenesis, hexadactyly, club foot and congenital medulloblastoma have been reported. [streetdirectory.com]

Cardiac anomalies, omphalocele, hypertelorism, cleft lip and palate, renal tubular dysgenesis, hexadactyly, club foot and congenital medulloblastoma have been reported(1,5 [indianpediatrics.net]

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Type 18

Table 3 Genotype/Phenotype correlations Full size table In our cohort, hexadactyly was found in all patients with a molecular diagnosis. [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

Autosomal Dominant Chondrodysplasia Punctata

Occasional post-axial hexadactyly and cone-shaped epiphyses may occur in childhood. [medcaretips.com]

Limb anomalies include shortening of limb bones, joint dysfunction and hexadactyly. [dermatologyadvisor.com]

[…] shortening Chondroectodermal dysplasia It is also known as Ellis-van Creveld syndrome and is similar to asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia (see below) but with these differences Hexadactyly [medcaretips.com]

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Type 5

Figure 2: Postaxial polydactyly with hexadactyly of hands and feet Figure 3: Postaxial polydactyly with hexadactyly of hands and feet Figure 4: Hypogonadism with micropenis [ijdvl.com]

There was postaxial polydactyly with hexadactyly of all four limbs [Figure 2] and [Figure 3] and features of hypogonadism with testicular volume of 2 ml (normal 10-12 ml) [ijdvl.com]

Hexadactyly was present in both lower limbs, along with syndactyly of fifth finger in the left upper limb and malformed fifth finger in the right upper limb [Figure 2] and [mjdrdypu.org]

Pallister-Hall Syndrome

There was vesico-ureteral-reflux, insertional hexadactyly of the left hand and two Y shaped metacarpal with six fingers at the right hand. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

American blacks with polydactyly had more neurological complications than whites.[2] It is categorized as postaxial hexadactyly when the 5th digit is duplicated and preaxial [pediatricneurosciences.com]

There was heptadactyly of the right hand with PAP type A and syndactyly between fifth, sixth, and seventh digits, while the left hand and foot showed hexadactyly with PAP [ijpmonline.org]

Central Polydactyly of Fingers

Other than describing polydactyly based on the position of the accessory digit, it can also be described by the number of total digits e.g. hexadactyly (six digits), or even [radiopaedia.org]