Hyperbilirubinemia: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Hyperbilirubinemia

Decreased excretion into bile Cholestatic jaundice Obstructive jaundice Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia 80-85 % of unconjugated bilirubin (indirect) in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia [meddean.luc.edu]

Hyperbilirubinemia may be of prehepatic, intrahepatic, or posthepatic origin. [amboss.com]

[…] jaundice [ jawn´dis ] yellowness of skin, sclerae, mucous membranes, and excretions due to hyperbilirubinemia and deposition of bile pigments. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Hereditary Spherocytosis

In the case of severe hyperbilirubinemia out of proportion with hemolysis, other causes of hyperbilirubinemia must be considered. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The patient presented with moderate unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and inherited etiology was strongly suspected. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hereditary spherocytosis in the Hispanic population does not often present with severe hyperbilirubinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gilbert Syndrome

Such combined defects can lead to severe hyperbilirubinemia and help to explain the finding of intermediate levels of hyperbilirubinemia in family members of patients with [emedicine.medscape.com]

as observed in some granulomatous liver diseases, do not develop hyperbilirubinemia. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Higher levels of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia are pathologic and occur in various conditions. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Cholestasis

We believe our patient’s persistent direct hyperbilirubinemia with biopsy-confirmed cholestasis was also likely related to his AHC. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Last Update: 2017-04-26 Usage Frequency: 5 Quality: Maltese iperbilirubinimja, kolestasi, epatite ħsara fil-fwied, insuffiċjenza fil-fwied English liver enzymes elevations, hyperbilirubinemia [mymemory.translated.net]

[…] cholesterol can no longer be hepatically excreted in the bile, its levels can build up manifesting as hypercholesterolemia and can manifest as clinically as xanthomas Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia [pathwaymedicine.org]

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

[…] and readmitted to hospital owing to hyperbilirubinemia over five years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A diagnosis of G6PD deficiency should be considered in African American neonates, females as well as males, with unexplained hemolysis or hyperbilirubinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, these mechanisms are not involved in most cases of this hyperbilirubinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

We report an infant with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia due to pyruvate kinase deficiency. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia, American Academy of Pediatrics. [nature.com]

This emphasizes the need for screening neonatal hyperbilirubinemia cases in India for PK deficiency. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease

Symptoms include hyperbilirubinemia, painful hepatomegaly and ascites. [symptoma.com]

VOD is characterized by rapid weight gain, hepatomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia and ascites. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Clinical diagnosis of hepatic VOD is based on the finding of the triad of painful hepatomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia, and unexplained fluid retention occurring within 21 days [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Septo-Optic Dysplasia

The patient suffered in neonatal life from severe hypoglycemia, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and nystagmus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This two-month old patient presented with acute hepatitis, direct hyperbilirubinemia, anemia and thrombocytopenia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] valproic acid during pregnancy has been associated with adverse fetal outcomes, including major and minor congenital malformations, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), hyperbilirubinemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Classic Galactosemia

Tags: bulging fontanelle Galactosemia Genetic Disorder Hyperbilirubinemia infant formula Soy urine reducing substances Sean M. [pedemmorsels.com]

Major presenting symptoms were hepatomegaly (n = 22, 100%), jaundice [n = 19, 86%; including (n = 14, 63%) indirect and (n = 8, 36%) direct hyperbilirubinemia], vomiting [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Any hyperbilirubinemia (evidenced as jaundice) in these Duarte infants will rapidly resolve when the lactose is removed from their diets. [themedicalbiochemistrypage.org]

Gestational Diabetes

[…] of GD and thereby alert physicians to suspect other potentially GD-associated conditions such as macrosomia, asphyxia, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] difference was observed in macrosomia, large-for-gestational-age (LGA), small-for-gestational age (SGA), low Apgar score, shoulder dystocia, cesarean delivery, NICU admission, hyperbilirubinemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] evaluated at least 1 of the following outcomes: neonatal mortality; brachial plexus injury; clavicular fracture; admission to a neonatal intensive care unit for hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cholelithiasis

All SCA patients are children (less than 16 years old) and were characterized by hyperbilirubinemia and 52 of them have cholelithiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] complication seen in sickle cell patients who present with sudden onset of RUQ pain, progressive hepatomegaly, mild elevation of transaminases, coagulopathy, and extreme hyperbilirubinemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cholestasis may arise along with its traditional clinical and laboratory anomalies such as elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice, pruritis [pathwaymedicine.org]

Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis

Biochemical features included conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, normal cholesterol, slightly elevated transaminase, elevated serum bile salts, [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin 7.0 mg/dL, conjugated 5.0 mg/dL), high alkaline phosphatase (630 U/L; reference range for adults 35-150) normal serum [indianpediatrics.net]

Treatment with cholestyramine, a bile-salt-sequestering exchange resin, reduced the hyperbilirubinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cholecystitis

Serum bilirubin Obstruction in common hepatic duct or bile duct causes hyperbilirubinemia. [medicaljoyworks.com]

These include hyperbilirubinemia and a mild increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and serum aminotransferases. [unboundmedicine.com]

Obstruction of the common hepatic duct or common bile duct can result in hyperbilirubinemia. [aafp.org]

Growth Hormone Deficiency

Newborns with growth hormone deficiency may have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia), or other congenital abnormalities such as a small penis (micropenis [merckmanuals.com]

Neonates who have congenital defects of the pituitary or hypothalamus may have hypoglycemia (which also can occur in older children), hyperbilirubinemia, midline defects [merckmanuals.com]

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

AIHAs can result in the classic set of symptoms associated with anemia (see page) as well as an unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and in some cases jaundice if hemolysis is [pathwaymedicine.org]

Clinically normochrome and normocytic anemia, reticulocytosis, polychromasia in peripheral smear, spherocytes, indirect hyperbilirubinemia and increased lactate dehydrogenase [go.gale.com]

Clinical findings[edit] Laboratory findings include severe anemia, normal MCV (means corpuscular value), and hyperbilirubinemia (from increased red cell destruction) that [en.wikipedia.org]

Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia

American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia. (2004) Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. [scielo.sa.cr]

Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia leading to Exchange transfusión. Med J Islam Rep Iran, 28, 1-5. [ Links ] 56. [scielo.sa.cr]

Importance of UDPglucuronosyltransferase 1ª1 expression in skin and its induction by UVB in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. [scielo.sa.cr]

Nutmeg Liver

Laboratory test results are modestly abnormal: unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin < 3 mg/dL [51.31 micromol/L]), elevated (usually < 2- to 3-fold) aminotransferases [msdmanuals.com]

Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis presenting as Weil's disease is a common cause of renal and hyperbilirubinemia in endemic areas. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There was an independent correlation between AKI and the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia and leukocytosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Even when clinical manifestations are mild, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is often present, and can reach levels up to 40-80 mg/dL[ 2, 13 ]. [doi.org]

Infectious Mononucleosis

Moderate hyperbilirubinemia improves renal hemodynamics in ANG II-dependent hypertension. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Moderate hyperbilirubinemia improves renal hemodynamics in ANG II-dependent hypertension, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2010, vol. 299 (pg. [academic.oup.com]

Hyperbilirubinemia, seen in 42.1% of our patients, was far different from the result of Grotto [9], who found this alteration in 14.9%. [bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]

Thalassemia

Indirect hyperbilirubinemia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, and reduced haptoglobin are all consistently seen with hemolytic anemia. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The skin may show pallor from anemia and jaundice from hyperbilirubinemia, and the skull and other bones may be deformed secondary to erythroid hyperplasia with intramedullary [emedicine.medscape.com]

The long-term increase in red-cell turnover causes hyperbilirubinemia and bilirubin-containing gallstones. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Pregnancy Considerations T1DM confers maternal and fetal risk (spontaneous abortion, fetal anomalies, preeclampsia, fetal demise, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia [unboundmedicine.com]

Wilson Disease

He was deeply icteric with ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperbilirubinemia, raised transaminases, and coagulopathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

"Importance of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 Expression in Skin and Its Induction by UVB in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia". [en.wikipedia.org]

With advanced liver disease thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperbilirubinemia may be seen. Table 1. [aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Malaria

Blood examination showed hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and hyperbilirubinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Clearance of a large number of parasitized red cells by spleen, rupture of the parasitized RBCs to release merozoites can lead to severe anemia and hyperbilirubinemia. [web.archive.org]

In the majority of the cases it is predominantly unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. [9], [20] Malarial hepatitis is also common in children during the course of severe infection [web.archive.org]

Disorder of Iron Metabolism

Hyperbilirubinemia and elevated liver enzymes suggest liver injury, while proteinuria and appearance of tubular cells in urine suggest renal injury. [library.med.utah.edu]

Factor VII Deficiency

Etiologies of Prolonged Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia in Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Wards Volume 6, Issue 4, Autumn 2015, Pages 37-42 Mohammad Kazem Sabzehei; Behnaz [ijn.mums.ac.ir]

Heart Failure

Heart Fail Clin. 2017 Jul;13(3):427-444. doi: 10.1016/j.hfc.2017.02.002. Author information 1 Department of Medicine, George Washington University, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 8-416, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Inova Fairfax Hospital, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA. 2[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pancreatitis

The clinical term “Pancreatitis” refers to the acute and chronic inflammation of the pancreatic gland as a result of its enzymatic autodigestion. Pancreatitis is one of the leading cause of gastrointestinal mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. Patients suffering from acute or chronic pancreatitis may[…] [symptoma.com]

Bacterial Pneumonia

Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Dec 13;11:3559-3566. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S119545. eCollection 2017. Author information 1 Department of Pharmacy, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi, TX. 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA. 3 Department of[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neonatal Jaundice

Management of hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common reasons for readmission of a newborn. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It also can be classified by mechanism (see Table: Causes of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia ). Most cases involve unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. [merckmanuals.com]

American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia. Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. [jcnonweb.com]

Sarcoidosis

Summary Epidemiology It is a ubiquitous disease with incidence (varying according to age, sex, race and geographic origin) estimated at around 1/6,300 in men and 1/5,300 in women. Clinical description The lung and the lymphatic system are predominantly affected, but virtually every organ may be involved. Other severe[…] [orpha.net]