Hyperprolactinemia: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Hyperprolactinemia

Prolactinoma causes a condition called hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia is characterized by an increased production of the hormone prolactin. [medstarwashington.org]

KEYWORDS: Cabergoline; Cardiac valve; Echocardiography; Hyperprolactinemia; Prolactinoma [Indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Non-surgical Treatments for Hyperprolactinemia/Prolactinoma Treatment for hyperprolactinemia will be determined based on the cause of the condition. [medstarwashington.org]

Forbes-Albright Syndrome

Hyperprolactinemia in the news Blogs on Hyperprolactinemia Directions to Hospitals Treating Hyperprolactinemia Risk calculators and risk factors for Hyperprolactinemia Synonyms [wikidoc.org]

Forbes Albright syndrome Get Update Overview Hyperprolactinemia is characterized by too much prolactin in the blood. [diseaseinfosearch.org]

A subsequent autopsy examination of 1 male patient with hyperprolactinemia showed sarcoid granulomata in hypothalamic nuclei, bilaterally. [annals.org]

Acromegaly

[…] hormone pituitary adenoma hyperprolactinemia Received December 31, 1987. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Case #1 Case presentation A white female diagnosed in 2001, at the age of 30, with hyperprolactinemia associated with galactorrhea and oligomenorrhea. [edm.bioscientifica.com]

Tumor damage to the pituitary stalk may cause hyperprolactinemia due to loss of inhibitory regulation of prolactin secretion by the hypothalamus. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Hypothalamic Lesion

It is the reason why masses other than adenomas can cause hyperprolactinemia. [radiologyassistant.nl]

Patients can present with meningitis, hyperprolactinemia, and diabetes insipidus. [journals.lww.com]

Rarely, some children have adipsia without a definable structural lesion (essential adipsia). [9, 10, 11] A constellation of adipsia, obesity, hyperprolactinemia, and hypothyroidism [emedicine.medscape.com]

Chest Wall Disorder

← More about Rare Diseases What is hyperprolactinemia? [hormone.org]

What causes hyperprolactinemia? One common cause of hyperprolactinemia is a growth or tumor on the pituitary gland called a prolactinoma. [hormone.org]

What is the treatment for hyperprolactinemia? Treatment is based on the cause. [hormone.org]

Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis

Hyperprolactinemia and hypothalamic syndrome were found in 2 patients each. All these central endocrine alterations were always associated to DI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We report a 35 year old woman with a 10 year history of multisystemic LCH who developed DI, mild hyperprolactinemia, gonadotrophin and partial growth hormone deficiency following [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency

He did not suffer from hypoglycemia, hyperprolactinemia, and growth hormone deficiency. [annalsofian.org]

Hypothalamic Dysfunction

• In a 21-year-old woman with McCune-Albright syndrome, acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia with hypopituitarism developed secondary to a large pituitary tumor. [jamanetwork.com]

[…] precocious puberty, by age 12 years she had hypernatremia presumed secondary to central diabetes insipidus and was treated with DDAVP, and at age 14 was identified to have hyperprolactinemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] hyperphagia, hypersomnia, and extreme aggression at age 7 years, accompanied by episodes of hyperthermia, hypothermia, sinus bradycardia, hypernatremia, hyponatremia, persistent hyperprolactinemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Third Trimester Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: To perform a prospective, observational study in a tertiary center to determine whether anemia (hemoglobin level < 10 g/dL) developing in the third trimester was associated with an increased placental weight/birth weight ratio (placental ratio) and whether the placental ratio correlated with the[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chronic Kidney Insufficiency

Abstract Anemia is a major problem in patients with chronic kidney insufficiency. The development of recombinant human erythropoietin has enabled physicians to correct this anemia. Although anemia has not been considered to be a common or important contributor to congestive heart failure, anemia of any cause can[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Liver Failure

Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation (APOLT) in acute liver failure acts as a bridge to native liver regeneration with potential for immunosuppression free survival. While technical concerns limit its universal acceptance, the indications in acute liver failure also need to be examined for this procedure to[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Granulomatous Mastitis

Our case is the fourth one in a non-pregnant woman with hyperprolactinemia and is the first case to be reported that the hyperprolactinemia was induced by risperidone. [doi.org]

Four cases showing a co-occurrence of GM and hyperprolactinemia were consequently identified. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Previous case reports have suggested that hyperprolactinemia may be associated with IGM. [doi.org]

Suprasellar Tumor

Suprasellar tumors in this pars tuberalis region are frequently accompanied by hyperprolactinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We conclude that functional hyperprolactinemia may mimic on CT scan or MRI a PRL-secreting adenoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

2012/16/6/1052/103043 Sir, We report a case of suprasellar mass with visual compromise, hypogonadism and hyperprolactinemia, where weekly visual perimetry after dopamine agonist [ijem.in]

Pituicytoma

A 40-year-old man presented with visual failure and disconnection hyperprolactinemia (830 mU/liter) due to a large invasive pituitary tumor shown to be a pituicytoma (pilocytic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The biochemical tests showed hypotonic urine, mild hyperprolactinemia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, central hypothyroidism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Both patients had mild hyperprolactinemia and one had mild anterior pituitary dysfunction. They underwent transcranial partial resection of a suprasellar tumor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Secretion of pituitary hormones was almost normal except for suppressed TSH and hyperprolactinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hormonal assessment: panhypopituitarism, hyperprolactinemia. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

In a 76-year-old woman with hyperthyroidism, hyperprolactinemia and thickening of the pituitary stalk on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was presented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gonadotropic Pituitary Adenoma

Pituitary adenoma (microadenoma, macroadenoma), hyperprolactinemia syndrome Pituitary adenoma and hyperprolactinemia syndrome — is a symptom, that develops in women and men [minclinic.ru]

Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia: results of a Brazilian multicenter study with 1234 patients. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008;31(5):436–444. 18. [aafp.org]

Hyperprolactinemia from a prolactin-secreting adenoma causes hypogonadism and galactorrhea. 48 – 50 Women with hyperprolactinemia usually present with amenorrhea, galactorrhea [clinicalgate.com]

Somatotrophic Pituitary Adenoma

Hyperprolactinemia has an adverse effect on the skeleton. [pituitaryadenomas.com]

Signs and symptoms of hyperprolactinemia are not always apparent. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The other patient (case 9) also had hyperprolactinemia that was mild but symptomatic. [nature.com]

Thyrotroph Pituitary Adenoma

Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia: results of a Brazilian multicenter study with 1234 patients. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008;31(5):436–444. 18. [aafp.org]

Signs and symptoms of hyperprolactinemia are not always apparent. [emedicine.medscape.com]

References: [4] Diagnostics Cranial contrast MRI (initial test) : reveals an intrasellar mass Hormone assays [4] Basal prolactin levels (see “Diagnostics” in hyperprolactinemia [amboss.com]

Pituitary Adenoma

Several medications are known to cause hyperprolactinemia (see chapter on Anterior Pituitary, Hyperprolactinemia Associated with Drugs). [clinicaladvisor.com]

Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia: results of a Brazilian multicenter study with 1234 patients. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008;31(5):436–444. 18. [aafp.org]

Hyperpituitarism

[…] stalk compression hyperprolactinemia Pregnancy hyperprolactinemia Pregnancy-related A-G syndrome Prepuberal hyperpituitarism Secondary hyperprolactinemia Secondary hyperprolactinemia [icd9data.com]

Hyperprolactinemia can reduce estrogen production. [niddk.nih.gov]

Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion All MeSH Categories Diseases Category Endocrine System Diseases Pituitary Diseases Hyperpituitarism Acromegaly Gigantism Hyperprolactinemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypogonadism

BACKGROUND: Hyperprolactinemia causes hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Hyperprolactinemia can be pre-existing in some patients with schizophrenia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] the present article we discuss the case of a 38-years old male, in whom we confirmed the clinical and laboratory features of (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism, as well as hyperprolactinemia [worldcat.org]

Causes of secondary hypogonadism include hyperprolactinemia, severe obesity, iron overload syndromes, opioid use, glucocorticoids, or androgen-deprivation therapy, androgenic-anabolic [mdedge.com]

Luteinizing Hormone Deficiency

Case report A 32 year old woman came to our clinic for the evaluation of amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia. [f1000research.com]

Hyperprolactinemia is a common hormonal abnormality associated with anterior pituitary dysfunction. [thehealthscience.com]

Men with hyperprolactinemia can present with hypogonadism, impotence, infertility, and/or galactorrhea. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Anterior Pituitary Hypofunction

[…] fibrosis Pituitary gland enlarged Pituitary granuloma Pituitary hemorrhage Pituitary hemorrhage Pituitary infarction Pituitary stalk compression Pituitary stalk compression hyperprolactinemia [icdlist.com]

They may compress the pituitary stalk causing diabetes insipidus, or hyperprolactinemia. [skullbaseinstitute.com]

Some pituitary adenomas may result in a deficiency in some pituitary hormones, but with concomitant hyperprolactinemia. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Sellar Tumor with Suprasellar Extension

It is the reason why masses other than adenomas can cause hyperprolactinemia. [radiologyassistant.nl]

Often the presence of these tumors is accompanied by modest hyperprolactinemia. [glowm.com]

A 'mild degree of hyperprolactinemia is present in up to 80% of patients and is likely to be produced by the remaining, normal pituitary gland as a result of compression of [pituitary.mgh.harvard.edu]

Pituitary Neoplasm

This leads to loss of function of these end glands Hyperprolactinemia: Hyperprolactinemia is commonly caused by a benign pituitary tumor. [uwhealth.org]

Not all women with hyperprolactinemia have prolactinomas and other causes need to be excluded (Table 1). [clinicaladvisor.com]

Often the presence of these tumors is accompanied by modest hyperprolactinemia. [glowm.com]

Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Type 8

Women with associated hypothyroidism and/or hyperprolactinemia have to be under additional control of free thyroxin and prolactin levels. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

Table 4 3, 6, 15 lists common etiologies of hyperprolactinemia. [aafp.org]

[…] testosterone level are consistent with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and such patients should be evaluated for possible reversible etiologies of gonadotropin deficiency, like hyperprolactinemia [edmcasereports.com]

Female Infertility due to Fertilization Defect

The condition has been linked to many health problems, including things like: Anorexia Endometriosis Extreme amounts of exercise Hyperprolactinemia (too much of a hormone [webmd.com]

Other causes are hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin levels), and irregular or absent menstrual cycles (hypothalamic amenorrhea). [columbiafertility.org]

Hypothyroidism can affect fertility due to anovulatory cycles, luteal phase defects, hyperprolactinemia, and sex hormone imbalance. [hotzehwc.com]

Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) is the enzyme responsible for intraneural conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine. Its deficiency results in failure of norepinephrine synthesis, excessive dopamine release and orthostatic hypotension. We studied a young patient with this deficiency using the currently available[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Endocrine Dysfunction

Baseline endocrine studies (serum triglycerides: 2600 mg/dl) demonstrated hyperprolactinemia (serum prolactin 51 ng/ml), increased ACTH levels, absence of suppression of ACTH [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nine patients (29%) presented with hyperprolactinemia and four women concurrently suffered from oligo-amenorrhea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hormonal evaluation showed hyperprolactinemia in 19 of 190 (10%) patiens, hyperprolactinemia + androgen deficiency in 97 (50.8%), androgen deficiency in 74 (39.2%) patients [atif.sobiad.com]

Corticotroph Pituitary Adenoma

Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia: results of a Brazilian multicenter study with 1234 patients. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008;31(5):436–444. 18. [aafp.org]

Etiologies of Hyperprolactinemia (adapted from M.E. [ocw.tufts.edu]

Not all women with hyperprolactinemia have prolactinomas and other causes need to be excluded (Table 1). [clinicaladvisor.com]