Hyperprolactinemia: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Hyperprolactinemia

Prolactinoma

There were five cases of hyperprolactinemia with no cases of macroprolactinoma of 14 790 patients in a general EH cohort. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Identifying the correct cause of hyperprolactinemia is crucial for treatment. Prolactinoma is the most common pathologic cause of hyperprolactinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prolactinoma causes a condition called hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia is characterized by an increased production of the hormone prolactin. [medstarwashington.org]

Acromegaly

[…] hormone pituitary adenoma hyperprolactinemia Received December 31, 1987. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Case #1 Case presentation A white female diagnosed in 2001, at the age of 30, with hyperprolactinemia associated with galactorrhea and oligomenorrhea. [edm.bioscientifica.com]

Tumor damage to the pituitary stalk may cause hyperprolactinemia due to loss of inhibitory regulation of prolactin secretion by the hypothalamus. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Forbes-Albright Syndrome

[Hyperprolactinemia as a frequent cause of amenorrhea and galactorrhea]. Rjosk HK, Fahlbusch R, von Werder K. Rjosk HK, et al. Med Klin. 1980 Aug 15;75(17):609-12. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Forbes Albright syndrome Get Update Overview Hyperprolactinemia is characterized by too much prolactin in the blood. [diseaseinfosearch.org]

Nonpuerperal mastitis may induce transient hyperprolactinemia (neurogenic hyperprolactinemia) of about three weeks' duration; conversely, hyperprolactinemia may contribute [dict.eudic.net]

Hypothalamic Lesion

It is the reason why masses other than adenomas can cause hyperprolactinemia. [radiologyassistant.nl]

Patients can present with meningitis, hyperprolactinemia, and diabetes insipidus. [journals.lww.com]

Rarely, some children have adipsia without a definable structural lesion (essential adipsia). [9, 10, 11] A constellation of adipsia, obesity, hyperprolactinemia, and hypothyroidism [emedicine.medscape.com]

Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis

We report a 35 year old woman with a 10 year history of multisystemic LCH who developed DI, mild hyperprolactinemia, gonadotrophin and partial growth hormone deficiency following [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hyperprolactinemia and hypothalamic syndrome were found in 2 patients each. All these central endocrine alterations were always associated to DI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chest Wall Disorder

← More about Rare Diseases What is hyperprolactinemia? [hormone.org]

What causes hyperprolactinemia? One common cause of hyperprolactinemia is a growth or tumor on the pituitary gland called a prolactinoma. [hormone.org]

What is the treatment for hyperprolactinemia? Treatment is based on the cause. [hormone.org]

Hypothalamic Dysfunction

[…] precocious puberty, by age 12 years she had hypernatremia presumed secondary to central diabetes insipidus and was treated with DDAVP, and at age 14 was identified to have hyperprolactinemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] hyperphagia, hypersomnia, and extreme aggression at age 7 years, accompanied by episodes of hyperthermia, hypothermia, sinus bradycardia, hypernatremia, hyponatremia, persistent hyperprolactinemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hyperprolactinemia (with prolactin levels up to 70 ng/ml) was present in all of the nine patients so tested. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Third Trimester Pregnancy

OBJECTIVES: A proper implantation of trophoblastic cells and an appropriate metalloproteinases activity is required to cause disintegration of basal membranes of cells. The activity of tissue matrix metaloproteinases can be inhibited by their matrix inhibitors - TIMP-s. Survivin is a member of inhibitor of apoptosis[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chronic Kidney Insufficiency

Chronic kidney insufficiency affects a significant number of individuals in the developed countries, particularly the United States. The progressive nature of the disease and a substantial reduction in the quality of life over the period of time are the primary reasons why an early diagnosis is crucial. Anemia,[…] [symptoma.com]

Hypogonadism

BACKGROUND: Hyperprolactinemia causes hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Hyperprolactinemia can be pre-existing in some patients with schizophrenia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] the present article we discuss the case of a 38-years old male, in whom we confirmed the clinical and laboratory features of (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism, as well as hyperprolactinemia [worldcat.org]

Causes of secondary hypogonadism include hyperprolactinemia, severe obesity, iron overload syndromes, opioid use, glucocorticoids, or androgen-deprivation therapy, androgenic-anabolic [mdedge.com]

Endocrine Dysfunction

Baseline endocrine studies (serum triglycerides: 2600 mg/dl) demonstrated hyperprolactinemia (serum prolactin 51 ng/ml), increased ACTH levels, absence of suppression of ACTH [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nine patients (29%) presented with hyperprolactinemia and four women concurrently suffered from oligo-amenorrhea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hormonal evaluation showed hyperprolactinemia in 19 of 190 (10%) patiens, hyperprolactinemia + androgen deficiency in 97 (50.8%), androgen deficiency in 74 (39.2%) patients [arastirmax.com]

Suprasellar Tumor

Suprasellar tumors in this pars tuberalis region are frequently accompanied by hyperprolactinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

2012/16/6/1052/103043 Sir, We report a case of suprasellar mass with visual compromise, hypogonadism and hyperprolactinemia, where weekly visual perimetry after dopamine agonist [ijem.in]

It has been postulated that these suprasellar tumors induce hyperprolactinemia by compressing the pituitary stalk, resulting in impaired dopamine delivery to the pituitary [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Liver Failure

Abstract Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by organ failure mediated by acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the gut-liver axis (GLS) and its association with ACLF pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms related to the alteration[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Granulomatous Mastitis

We herein report two cases of granulomatous mastitis resulting from C. kroppenstedtii infection in nulliparous young women with hyperprolactinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Our case is the fourth one in a non-pregnant woman with hyperprolactinemia and is the first case to be reported that the hyperprolactinemia was induced by risperidone. [doi.org]

Four cases showing a co-occurrence of GM and hyperprolactinemia were consequently identified. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pituicytoma

A 40-year-old man presented with visual failure and disconnection hyperprolactinemia (830 mU/liter) due to a large invasive pituitary tumor shown to be a pituicytoma (pilocytic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Both patients had mild hyperprolactinemia and one had mild anterior pituitary dysfunction. They underwent transcranial partial resection of a suprasellar tumor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The biochemical tests showed hypotonic urine, mild hyperprolactinemia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, central hypothyroidism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Secretion of pituitary hormones was almost normal except for suppressed TSH and hyperprolactinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hormonal assessment: panhypopituitarism, hyperprolactinemia. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

In a 76-year-old woman with hyperthyroidism, hyperprolactinemia and thickening of the pituitary stalk on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was presented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gonadotropic Pituitary Adenoma

Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia: results of a Brazilian multicenter study with 1234 patients. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008;31(5):436–444. 18. [aafp.org]

Hyperprolactinemia from a prolactin-secreting adenoma causes hypogonadism and galactorrhea. 48 – 50 Women with hyperprolactinemia usually present with amenorrhea, galactorrhea [clinicalgate.com]

Diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(2):273–288. 10. Melmed S. [aafp.org]

Somatotrophic Pituitary Adenoma

Hyperprolactinemia has an adverse effect on the skeleton. [pituitaryadenomas.com]

Signs and symptoms of hyperprolactinemia are not always apparent. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The other patient (case 9) also had hyperprolactinemia that was mild but symptomatic. [nature.com]

Thyrotroph Pituitary Adenoma

Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia: results of a Brazilian multicenter study with 1234 patients. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008;31(5):436–444. 18. [aafp.org]

Signs and symptoms of hyperprolactinemia are not always apparent. [emedicine.medscape.com]

References: [4] Diagnostics Cranial contrast MRI (initial test) : reveals an intrasellar mass Hormone assays [4] Basal prolactin levels (see “Diagnostics” in hyperprolactinemia [amboss.com]

Pituitary Adenoma

Several medications are known to cause hyperprolactinemia (see chapter on Anterior Pituitary, Hyperprolactinemia Associated with Drugs). [clinicaladvisor.com]

Prolactinomas, are the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia, but there are several other causes of hyperprolactinemia that most importantly include the use of certain " [skullbaseinstitute.com]

Luteinizing Hormone Deficiency

Hyperprolactinemia is a common hormonal abnormality associated with anterior pituitary dysfunction. [thehealthscience.com]

Men with hyperprolactinemia can present with hypogonadism, impotence, infertility, and/or galactorrhea. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Medications such as antipsychotics, estrogen, antihypertensives, metoclopramide, and cimetidine can also cause hyperprolactinemia. [thehealthscience.com]

Anterior Pituitary Hypofunction

[…] fibrosis Pituitary gland enlarged Pituitary granuloma Pituitary hemorrhage Pituitary hemorrhage Pituitary infarction Pituitary stalk compression Pituitary stalk compression hyperprolactinemia [icdlist.com]

They may compress the pituitary stalk causing diabetes insipidus, or hyperprolactinemia. [skullbaseinstitute.com]

Some pituitary adenomas may result in a deficiency in some pituitary hormones, but with concomitant hyperprolactinemia. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Type 8

Women with associated hypothyroidism and/or hyperprolactinemia have to be under additional control of free thyroxin and prolactin levels. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

Table 4 3, 6, 15 lists common etiologies of hyperprolactinemia. [aafp.org]

[…] testosterone level are consistent with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and such patients should be evaluated for possible reversible etiologies of gonadotropin deficiency, like hyperprolactinemia [edmcasereports.com]

Hyperpituitarism

[…] stalk compression hyperprolactinemia Pregnancy hyperprolactinemia Pregnancy-related A-G syndrome Prepuberal hyperpituitarism Secondary hyperprolactinemia Secondary hyperprolactinemia [icd9data.com]

Hyperprolactinemia can reduce estrogen production. [niddk.nih.gov]

Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion All MeSH Categories Diseases Category Endocrine System Diseases Pituitary Diseases Hyperpituitarism Acromegaly Gigantism Hyperprolactinemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Female Infertility due to Fertilization Defect

Other causes are hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia (high prolactin levels), and irregular or absent menstrual cycles (hypothalamic amenorrhea). [columbiafertility.org]

The condition has been linked to many health problems, including things like: Anorexia Endometriosis Extreme amounts of exercise Hyperprolactinemia (too much of a hormone [webmd.com]

Hypothyroidism can affect fertility due to anovulatory cycles, luteal phase defects, hyperprolactinemia, and sex hormone imbalance. [hotzehwc.com]

Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism Type 22

Women with associated hypothyroidism and/or hyperprolactinemia have to be under additional control of free thyroxin and prolactin levels. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

Table 4 3, 6, 15 lists common etiologies of hyperprolactinemia. [aafp.org]

Kallmann Syndrome Type 3

Table 4 3, 6, 15 lists common etiologies of hyperprolactinemia. [aafp.org]

Hyperprolaktinämie sowie Hinweise für eine Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz und einen Wachstumshormonmangel. en Hormonal parameters gave evidence for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia [de.glosbe.com]

Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency

OBJECTIVE/CONTEXT: Long-fasting hypoglycemia in children may be induced by neurotransmitter disorders. A 5-year-old girl with a medical history of chronic diarrhea presented three episodes of severe hypoglycemia (20 mg/dL) between ages 3 and 5 years. She became pale and sweaty with hypothermia (33.5°C),[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Sellar Tumor with Suprasellar Extension

It is the reason why masses other than adenomas can cause hyperprolactinemia. [radiologyassistant.nl]

Often the presence of these tumors is accompanied by modest hyperprolactinemia. [glowm.com]

A 'mild degree of hyperprolactinemia is present in up to 80% of patients and is likely to be produced by the remaining, normal pituitary gland as a result of compression of [pituitary.mgh.harvard.edu]

Pituitary Neoplasm

This leads to loss of function of these end glands Hyperprolactinemia: Hyperprolactinemia is commonly caused by a benign pituitary tumor. [uwhealth.org]

The following symptoms may be related to pituitary tumors (adenoma) and the diseases they cause (e.g. acromegaly, Cushing's disease, hyperprolactinemia). [pituitary.mgh.harvard.edu]

Not all women with hyperprolactinemia have prolactinomas and other causes need to be excluded (Table 1). [clinicaladvisor.com]