Hyperprolactinemia: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for hyperprolactinemia

Third Trimester Pregnancy

The concomitant phenomenon of a third trimester pregnancy with a significant degree of pelvic organ prolapse is extremely rare. We report on a patient with pelvic organ prolapse complicating third trimester pregnancy treated by concomitant cesarean hysterectomy and abdominal sacrocolpopexy. A 30-year-old woman,[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chronic Kidney Insufficiency

Abstract Anemia is a major problem in patients with chronic kidney insufficiency. The development of recombinant human erythropoietin has enabled physicians to correct this anemia. Although anemia has not been considered to be a common or important contributor to congestive heart failure, anemia of any cause can[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prolactinoma

Prolactinoma causes a condition called hyperprolactinemia. Hyperprolactinemia is characterized by an increased production of the hormone prolactin. [medstarwashington.org]

KEYWORDS: Cabergoline; Cardiac valve; Echocardiography; Hyperprolactinemia; Prolactinoma [Indexed for MEDLINE] Free full text [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Non-surgical Treatments for Hyperprolactinemia/Prolactinoma Treatment for hyperprolactinemia will be determined based on the cause of the condition. [medstarwashington.org]

Hypogonadism

BACKGROUND: Hyperprolactinemia causes hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Hyperprolactinemia can be pre-existing in some patients with schizophrenia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] the present article we discuss the case of a 38-years old male, in whom we confirmed the clinical and laboratory features of (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism, as well as hyperprolactinemia [worldcat.org]

Causes of secondary hypogonadism include hyperprolactinemia, severe obesity, iron overload syndromes, opioid use, glucocorticoids, or androgen-deprivation therapy, androgenic-anabolic [mdedge.com]

Chest Wall Disorder

More about Rare Diseases What is hyperprolactinemia? [hormone.org]

What causes hyperprolactinemia? One common cause of hyperprolactinemia is a growth or tumor on the pituitary gland called a prolactinoma. [hormone.org]

What is the treatment for hyperprolactinemia? Treatment is based on the cause. [hormone.org]

Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis

We report a 35 year old woman with a 10 year history of multisystemic LCH who developed DI, mild hyperprolactinemia, gonadotrophin and partial growth hormone deficiency following [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hyperprolactinemia and hypothalamic syndrome were found in 2 patients each. All these central endocrine alterations were always associated to DI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] courses of recurrent or multisystem Langerhans cells histiocytosis in adults - Description of 22 cases from one centre 6 Cutaneous Xanthomatosis, Diabetes Insipidus, and Hyperprolactinemia [ijdvl.com]

Liver Failure

Abstract Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by organ failure mediated by acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the gut-liver axis (GLS) and its association with ACLF pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms related to the alteration[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Granulomatous Mastitis

Our case is the fourth one in a non-pregnant woman with hyperprolactinemia and is the first case to be reported that the hyperprolactinemia was induced by risperidone. [doi.org]

Four cases showing a co-occurrence of GM and hyperprolactinemia were consequently identified. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Previous case reports have suggested that hyperprolactinemia may be associated with IGM. [doi.org]

Acromegaly

[…] hormone pituitary adenoma hyperprolactinemia Received December 31, 1987. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Tumor damage to the pituitary stalk may cause hyperprolactinemia due to loss of inhibitory regulation of prolactin secretion by the hypothalamus. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperprolactinemia and high levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on bone resorption and their relation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pituicytoma

A 40-year-old man presented with visual failure and disconnection hyperprolactinemia (830 mU/liter) due to a large invasive pituitary tumor shown to be a pituicytoma (pilocytic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The biochemical tests showed hypotonic urine, mild hyperprolactinemia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, central hypothyroidism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Both patients had mild hyperprolactinemia and one had mild anterior pituitary dysfunction. They underwent transcranial partial resection of a suprasellar tumor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Secretion of pituitary hormones was almost normal except for suppressed TSH and hyperprolactinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hormonal assessment: panhypopituitarism, hyperprolactinemia. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

In a 76-year-old woman with hyperthyroidism, hyperprolactinemia and thickening of the pituitary stalk on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was presented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gonadotropic Pituitary Adenoma

Pituitary adenoma (microadenoma, macroadenoma), hyperprolactinemia syndrome Pituitary adenoma and hyperprolactinemia syndrome — is a symptom, that develops in women and men [minclinic.ru]

Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia: results of a Brazilian multicenter study with 1234 patients. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008;31(5):436–444. 18. [aafp.org]

In patients with hyperprolactinemia, magnetic resonance imaging may identify unchanged areas microadenomas of the pituitary gland. [minclinic.ru]

Endocrine Dysfunction

Baseline endocrine studies (serum triglycerides: 2600 mg/dl) demonstrated hyperprolactinemia (serum prolactin 51 ng/ml), increased ACTH levels, absence of suppression of ACTH [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nine patients (29%) presented with hyperprolactinemia and four women concurrently suffered from oligo-amenorrhea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nine patients(29%) presented with hyperprolactinemia and four women concurently suffered from oligo-amenorrhea. [neurology.org]

Forbes-Albright Syndrome

Forbes Albright syndrome Get Update Overview Hyperprolactinemia is characterized by too much prolactin in the blood. [diseaseinfosearch.org]

Nonpuerperal mastitis may induce transient hyperprolactinemia (neurogenic hyperprolactinemia) of about three weeks' duration; conversely, hyperprolactinemia may contribute [dict.eudic.net]

Males with hyperprolactinemia often have impaired sexual function and in rare cases can have milk secretion (galactorrhea). [diseaseinfosearch.org]

Somatotrophic Pituitary Adenoma

Hyperprolactinemia has an adverse effect on the skeleton. [pituitaryadenomas.com]

Signs and symptoms of hyperprolactinemia are not always apparent. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The other patient (case 9) also had hyperprolactinemia that was mild but symptomatic. [nature.com]

Thyrotroph Adenoma

Diagnosis and management of hyperprolactinemia: results of a Brazilian multicenter study with 1234 patients. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008;31(5):436–444. 18. [aafp.org]

Signs and symptoms of hyperprolactinemia are not always apparent. [emedicine.medscape.com]

References: [4] Diagnostics Cranial contrast MRI (initial test) : reveals an intrasellar mass Hormone assays [4] Basal prolactin levels (see “Diagnostics” in hyperprolactinemia [amboss.com]

Hyperpituitarism

Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion All MeSH Categories Diseases Category Endocrine System Diseases Pituitary Diseases Hyperpituitarism Acromegaly Gigantism Hyperprolactinemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] stalk compression hyperprolactinemia Pregnancy hyperprolactinemia Pregnancy-related A-G syndrome Prepuberal hyperpituitarism Secondary hyperprolactinemia Secondary hyperprolactinemia [icd9data.com]

Hyperprolactinemia can reduce estrogen production. [niddk.nih.gov]

Pituitary Adenoma

Several medications are known to cause hyperprolactinemia (see chapter on Anterior Pituitary, Hyperprolactinemia Associated with Drugs). [clinicaladvisor.com]

Prolactinomas, are the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia, but there are several other causes of hyperprolactinemia that most importantly include the use of certain " [skullbaseinstitute.com]

Suprasellar Tumor

Suprasellar tumors in this pars tuberalis region are frequently accompanied by hyperprolactinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We conclude that functional hyperprolactinemia may mimic on CT scan or MRI a PRL-secreting adenoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Available from: Sir, We report a case of suprasellar mass with visual compromise, hypogonadism and hyperprolactinemia, where weekly visual perimetry after dopamine agonist [ijem.in]

Hypothalamic Lesion

It is the reason why masses other than adenomas can cause hyperprolactinemia. [radiologyassistant.nl]

Patients can present with meningitis, hyperprolactinemia, and diabetes insipidus. [journals.lww.com]

Rarely, some children have adipsia without a definable structural lesion (essential adipsia). [9, 10, 11] A constellation of adipsia, obesity, hyperprolactinemia, and hypothyroidism [emedicine.medscape.com]

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Hyperprolactinemia is the most common pituitary hormone hypersecretion syndrome in both men and women. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] hyperplasia (pronounced uh-DREEN-l hahy-per-PLEY-zhuh ) Problems with the function of the thyroid gland Excess production of the hormone prolactin by the pituitary gland, called hyperprolactinemia [web.archive.org]

and isolated chronic oligomenorrhea (no evidence of clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism or hyperprolactinemia). [archinte.ama-assn.org]

Luteinizing Hormone Deficiency

Hyperprolactinemia is a common hormonal abnormality associated with anterior pituitary dysfunction. [thehealthscience.com]

Men with hyperprolactinemia can present with hypogonadism, impotence, infertility, and/or galactorrhea. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Medications such as antipsychotics, estrogen, antihypertensives, metoclopramide, and cimetidine can also cause hyperprolactinemia. [thehealthscience.com]

Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency

Lancet. 1987 Nov 21;2(8569):1172-5. Author information 1 Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands. Abstract A patient with severe orthostatic hypotension due to dopamine-beta-hydroxylase deficiency was treated with the unnatural aminoacid[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Sellar Tumor with Suprasellar Extension

It is the reason why masses other than adenomas can cause hyperprolactinemia. [radiologyassistant.nl]

Often the presence of these tumors is accompanied by modest hyperprolactinemia. [glowm.com]

A 'mild degree of hyperprolactinemia is present in up to 80% of patients and is likely to be produced by the remaining, normal pituitary gland as a result of compression of [pituitary.mgh.harvard.edu]

Secondary Amenorrhea

Had dopamine agonists been used initially, amelioration of the hyperprolactinemia and delay in the proper diagnosis and treatment would have occurred. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hyperprolactinemia or an identifiable pituitary adenoma has not developed in any of the patients to date. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Previous reports associating amenorrhea and primary hypothyroidism have not distinguished between the alternative etiologic roles of thyroxine deficiency and hyperprolactinemia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Empty Sella Syndrome

[…] there is impaired PRL synthesis and release in cases of PES with hyperprolactinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The former can be isolated or associated with other causes of hyperprolactinemia. The association with an empty sella syndrome is rare. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The authors present a case of hyperprolactinemia resulting in galactorrhoea in a middle aged lady associated with a primary empty sella syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hyperprolactinemia

As described in this article, considering the complexity of prolactin regulation, many factors could cause hyperprolactinemia, and hyperprolactinemia can have clinical effects [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Subsequent investigations demonstrated that she suffered from macroprolactinemia, not true hyperprolactinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] pituitary macroadenoma– or drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, as well as in patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. [emedicine.com]

Pituitary Disorder

HYPERPROLACTINEMIA: HYPERPROLACTINEMIA Hyperprolactinemia is a state of persistent serum prolactin elevation. [authorstream.com]

Hyperprolactinemia increases bone resorption and BMD loss, there is increased fracture risk in patients with prolactinoma. [endocrine-abstracts.org]

Hyperprolactinemia : Hyperprolactinemia occurs when the pituitary gland produces too much prolactin. [naturallivingcenter.net]

Granulomatous Giant-Cell Hypophysitis

This entity should be considered when evaluating patients with a pituitary mass and evidence of hypopituitarism and hyperprolactinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This is especially true for patients with hyperprolactinemia, diabetes insipidus or hypopituitarism. [ccpd.ucsf.edu]

On hormonal examination, hypopituitarism with mild hyperprolactinemia was noted. The biopsy revealed granulomatous changes with multinucleated giant cells. [kjim.org]

Primary Amenorrhea

The causes for hyperprolactinemia in these patients and the clinical follow-up are discussed. [journals.lww.com]

We report a girl with juvenile primary hypothyroidism revealed by growth retardation and a syndrome of primary amenorrhea-galactorrhea with hyperprolactinemia and suprasellar [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The patient also presented intense hyperprolactinemia due to primary hypothyroidism. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]