Increased Ankle Reflex: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Increased Ankle Reflex

Upper Motor Neuron Disease

[…] tone bilaterally, pyramidal weakness bilaterally, increased knee reflexes, upgoing plantars and clonus) Absent ankle reflexes Tongue wasting and fasciculations Increased [medicaleducationleeds.com]

And spasticity involves an increase in muscle tone, an increase in deep tendon reflexes, and the phenomenon of clonus. [coursera.org]

[…] movements Present to the examiner: I suspect motor neuron disease because of mixed upper and lower motor neuron signs such as: Wasting and fasciculations Spastic paraparesis (increased [medicaleducationleeds.com]

Myelopathy

The first signs are often increased knee and ankle reflexes. These may only be detected in a neurologic exam. [svarnaspine.com]

Deep tendon reflexes in the knee and ankle will be accentuated (hyperreflexia), Forced extension of the ankle may cause the foot to beat up and down rapidly (clonus), Scratching [necksolutions.com]

[…] difficulty (pollakisuria, retardation) – 1 Serious urination difficulty (residual urine, dysuria) – 0 Urine retention Additional findings: Muscular tone in the legs will be increased [necksolutions.com]

Hematomyelia

His knee- and ankle-jerk reflexes were absent bilaterally. There were urine and stool incontinence. [hindawi.com]

On admission, neurological examination of his motor power was reduced (0/5) in both lower extremities (paraplegia), tendon reflexes in both lower limbs had increased, Babinski [hindawi.com]

Cervical Myelopathy

Thus these medical signs will become pathological: Increased tension in the leg muscles (Hyperreflexia) Accentuated reflexes of the knee and ankle Forced extension of the [dr-bertagnoli.com]

Spinal Cord Transection

Muscle hypertonia with spastic paresis Increased proprioceptive reflex: hyperreflexia Inexhaustible clonus : e.g., ankle clonus Anal reflex remains absent Pathological reflexes [amboss.com]

Subacute Transverse Myelitis

Muscle tone was slightly increased in the lower limbs. There was no clonus. Deep tendon reflexes were traced in the upper extremities, 2+ at the knees, 2+ at the ankles. [egms.de]

Multiple Sclerosis

Deep tendon reflexes (eg, knee and ankle jerks) are usually increased, and an extensor plantar response (Babinski sign) and clonus are often present. [msdmanuals.com]

Spastic Paraplegia

[…] of deep tendon reflexes in the legs, loss of ankle flexibility, and decrease of sensation in the legs. [encyclopedia.com]

Deep tendon reflexes are pathologically increased (3+ to 4+) in the lower extremities. [slideshare.net]

[…] conduct comparative examination of muscle tone and strength between arms and legs and look for signs of weakness in specific muscle groups of the thigh, presence of abnormal increase [encyclopedia.com]

Spinal Cord Compression

[…] retardation) – 1 Serious urination difficulty (residual urine, dysuria) – 0 Urine retention Additional findings associated with myelopathy: Muscular tone in the legs will be increased [necksolutions.com]

Cervical Cord Compression

and ankle clonus. [bjgp.org]

Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

[…] of deep tendon reflexes in the legs, loss of ankle flexibility, and decrease of sensation in the legs. [encyclopedia.com]

Deep tendon reflexes are pathologically increased (3+ to 4+) in the lower extremities. [slideshare.net]

Stroke

Beyond F.A.S.T. – Other Symptoms You Should Know Sudden NUMBNESS or weakness of face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body Sudden CONFUSION, trouble speaking or understanding speech Sudden TROUBLE SEEING in one or both eyes Sudden TROUBLE WALKING, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination Sudden[…] [strokeassociation.org]

Cerebral Thrombosis

Abstract Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a severe multifactorial condition with various clinical manifestations that may include headache, papilledema, seizures, focal deficits, coma and death. The mortality rate of untreated CVT is up to 50%, but it drops to 10% when CVT is properly treated. Prevention of CVT is[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism usually begins slowly. At first, the symptoms may be mistaken for simple nervousness due to stress. If you have been trying to lose weight by dieting, you may be pleased with your success until the hyperthyroidism, which has quickened the weight loss, causes other problems. In Graves’ disease, which[…] [web.archive.org]

Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

We present three patients with a clinical course and cerebrospinal fluid findings consistent with a diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Extensive and repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations showed only diffuse abnormality in brain and spinal cord, but no focal lesions. We propose[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cervical Spondylosis

Cervical Spondylosis is a condition in which abnormal deterioration of the cervical cartilages and vertebrae causes chronic neck pain. It is usually the result of prior a damage to the neck, including work or life-style activities, although its occurrence is affected by genetic factors because some families show[…] [symptoma.com]

Cerebral Hemorrhage

Evidence supports early intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering in acute intracerebral hemorrhage, but uncertainty persists over whether potential benefits and harms vary according to the magnitude of BP reduction. We aimed to determine whether larger systolic BP (SBP) reductions were associated with better[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Graves Disease

Graves disease is an autoimmune thyroid disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism, ophthalmopathy and goitre. The autoimmune process in Graves disease is influenced by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The signs and symptoms of Graves' disease include insomnia, tremor, hyperactivity, hyperhidrosis,[…] [symptoma.com]

Subdural Hematoma

Subdural hematoma Other names Subdural haematoma, subdural haemorrhage Subdural hematoma as marked by the arrow with significant midline shift Specialty Neurosurgery A subdural hematoma (SDH) is a type of bleeding in which a collection of blood—usually associated with a traumatic brain injury—gathers between the[…] [en.wikipedia.org]

Epidural Hematoma

Epidural hematoma Other names Extradural hematoma, epidural hemorrhage, epidural haematoma, epidural bleeding Epidural hematoma as seen on a CT scan with overlying skull fracture. Note the biconvex shaped collection of blood. There is also bruising with bleeding on the opposite side of the brain. Specialty[…] [en.wikipedia.org]

Myelitis

BMC Infect Dis. 2015 Apr 14;15:182. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-0897-9. Author information 1 Infectious diseases department, Faculty of medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Medical Sciences and Nursing Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus Street, B.P. 11-5076, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107-2180, Lebanon.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cervical Herniated Disc

Cervical herniated disc results in posterior or posterolateral protrusion of the intervertebral disc, most commonly in the C6-C7 segments of the cervical spine. Causes include spinal degeneration and sometimes trauma. Patients may be asymptomatic, but nerve root compression can give rise to symptoms such as pain,[…] [symptoma.com]

Astrocytoma of the Brain

Astrocytomas are the most common type of primary brain tumour within the group of brain tumours called gliomas. Primary means they have originated from the brain instead of spreading from elsewhere. About one third of all brain tumours diagnosed in the UK are astrocytomas. They grow from a type of cell in the[…] [thebraintumourcharity.org]

Brain Neoplasm

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using the Gamma Knife (GK) is now being increasingly utilized for the treatment of brain metastases. However, there are a few reported cases of SRS-induced brain neoplasms. We herein report the case of a Japanese woman with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cervical Spinal Cord Tumor

Charles Posted Tue 02nd of October, 2012 20:22:31 PM I need help coding the following Surgical Precert: ***No op report*** 1. Cervical Laminotomy C6-T1 with resection of spinal cord tumor/mass (Surgeon will be putting the bone back in with plate and screws) Thinking the following: Laminotomy - 63020 for C6, and[…] [supercoder.com]

Spinal Cord Injury

Paraplegia (1991) 29, 573–581; doi:10.1038/sc.1991.85 R L Waters 1, R H Adkins 2 and J S Yakura 3 1 Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Southern California, 7601 E, Imperial Highway, Downey, California 90242, USA 2 Project Co-Director, Regional Spinal Cord Injury Care System of Southern California, 7601[…] [web.archive.org]

Hypocalcemia

Although some experimental targets involved in calcium deposition are emerging, no intervention has been described to reliably reverse vascular calcification (VC). We report a case of severe VC regression in a parathyroidectomized patient on hemodialysis over 12-year follow-up, highlighting the use of calcium-free[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cerebral Arteriosclerosis

OBJECTIVES: To search for a potential role of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor and presumably neurotoxic 21-amino acid peptide, for dysfunction of brain signal processing and cerebrovascular morbidity in nondemented patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with longitudinal[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Strychnine Poisoning

One half hour following the ingestion of a possibly tainted antibiotic capsule, a 14 year-old female experienced acute onset of stiffness and weakness in her lower extremities. She subsequently survived despite the development of convulsions, severe lactic acidosis (pH 6.86), hyperthermia (Temp 40.5 degrees C) and[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Spinal Cord Infarction

To illustrate the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcome of unilateral right occipital condyle to C2 level spinal cord infarction. A teaching hospital in Taiwan. A 37-year-old man presented with acute-onset severe right neck pain before weakness developed in both right limbs. Early diagnosis was[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]