Increased-birth-weight: Causes & Reasons

2.1

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Possible Causes for increased birth weight

Diabetes in Pregnancy

birth weight, and significant associations with secondary outcomes such as preterm labour, shoulder dystocia, birth injury, intensive neonatal care requirement, hyperbilirubinaemia [patient.info]

Increase chances of birth defects Increase the risk that your baby is born prematurely and/or born with low birth weight Increase your baby's risk of developing respiratory [my.clevelandclinic.org]

GDM increases the risk of developing diabetes later in life [ 7 ]. [patient.info]

Simpson Dysmorphia Syndrome

birth weight, joint contractures, coarse facial features, widely spaced eyes, a short nose with anteverted nares, gingival overgrowth, a wide mouth, short limbs with short [zora.uzh.ch]

Growth: increased birth weight and height; prenatal/ postnatal overgrowth; broad, stocky, “bulldog” appearance. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

[…] early onset intractable epileptic encephalopathy with a burst-suppression pattern on EEG, generalized muscular hypotonia, structural brain abnormalities, macrocephaly and increased [zora.uzh.ch]

Costello Syndrome

The patient presented with the typical clinical findings of Costello syndrome such as increased birth weight, severe failure to thrive, characteristic facial appearance, and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Perinatal history Polyhydramnios, often severe Increased birth weight as a result of edema (not true macrosomia) Weight loss resulting from resolution of edema and failure [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] the index of suspicion for this diagnosis. 26 Increased birth weight and head circumference (often 50th percentile) for gestational age can lead to the misclassification [nature.com]

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type 4

WHO-ICD-10 version:2010 Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases Metabolic disorders Mode of Inheritance Autosomal recessive Gene Map Locus Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are inherited metabolic disorders caused by a deficiency of lysosomal enzymes required for the degradation of mucopolysaccharides or[…] [cags.org.ae]

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

Signs Growth Large for gestational age; the overgrowth in BWS is often the result of increased IGF2 action in the tissues. Birth weight and length are increased. [patient.info]

Vaginitis

Complications - Data suggest that trichomoniasis is associated with increased risk of transmission of HIV and may cause a woman to deliver a low-birth weight or premature [idph.state.il.us]

Health risks can include but are not limited to: Preterm or low birth-weight babies Increased risk of sexually transmitted infections such as HIV Increased risk of pelvic [sekisuidiagnostics.com]

Data now suggests that women with bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis may also have increased risk of premature and low birth-weight infants. [nmihi.com]

Urinary Tract Infection

If pregnant, increased risk of delivering low birth weight or premature infants. Urethral narrowing (in men) from recurrent urethritis. [mercy.net]

Increased birth weight. Pregnancy itself (as opposed to delivery factors). Use of forceps. Age 25 years at first delivery. Shape of pelvis. Family history of prolapse. [patient.info]

[…] preeclampsia, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Vitamin D Deficiency

Several studies have shown that lower maternal vitamin D levels early in pregnancy are associated with risk of low birth weight and small-for-gestational age infants. [womensmentalhealth.org]

Vitamin D status in pregnancy also impacts the offspring’s long-term health outcomes (bone development, birth and postnatal weight, tendency for autoimmune diseases, and neuropsychiatric [mdpi.com]

Other studies have demonstrated that mothers with lower vitamin D levels are at increased risk for gestational diabetes, hypertension, and pre-eclampsia. [womensmentalhealth.org]

Acute Alcohol Intoxication

Women who drink during pregnancy have an increased risk of giving birth to a baby with fetal alcohol syndrome. [msdmanuals.com]

Women may be more sensitive to the effects of alcohol than men, even on a per-weight basis. [msdmanuals.com]

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

weight. [nhs.uk]

Problems in childbirth A lack of folate during pregnancy may increase the risk of the baby being born prematurely (before the 37th week of pregnancy) or having a low birth [nhs.uk]

The risk of placental abruption may also be increased. [nhs.uk]

Cystitis

[…] risk of low birth weight and preterm birth.[78] Some also support treatment of those with diabetes mellitus[79] and treatment before urinary tract procedures which will likely [en.wikipedia.org]

Pregnancy is an exception and it is recommended that women take 7 days of antibiotics.[76][77] If not treated it causes up to 30% of mothers to develop pyelonephritis and increases [en.wikipedia.org]

Acute Cystitis

If not treated it causes up to 30% of mothers to develop pyelonephritis and increases risk of low birth weight and preterm birth. [en.wikipedia.org]

Bacteriuria during pregnancy is associated with a significant increase in the number of low-birth-weight infants ( 2500 g), low gestational age ( 37 weeks), and neonatal mortality [antimicrobe.org]

Gingivitis

[…] have preterm, low birth weight babies - Aggravate existing health conditions - Contribute to new medical problems including, diabetes, respiratory disease and osteoporosis [1800dentist.com]

Women who have periodontitis may have an increased risk of delivering premature babies or babies with low birth weight. [livestrong.com]

Research indicates that without gingivitis treatment, this condition can: - Lead to heart disease - Increase your risk for stroke - Increase the odds that pregnant women will [1800dentist.com]

Iron Deficiency

Risk Factors Anthropometric Dietary Age 6 - 24 months* Maori/Pacific/other non-European Premature infants (from 2 - 3 months of age) Low birth weight Maternal iron deficiency [starship.org.nz]

For example, there is an increased risk of having a low-birth-weight baby, preterm (premature) delivery and postnatal depression. [patient.info]

birth weight. [americanpregnancy.org]

Trisomy 12p

birth weight, developmental delay with early hypotonia, psychomotor delay, and typical facial appearance. [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

Abstract 4p Monosomy and 12p trisomy have been discussed and redefined along with recently reviewed chromosomal syndromes. 12p Trisomy syndrome is characterized by normal or increased [liebertpub.com]

4p Monosomy and 12p trisomy have been discussed and redefined along with recently reviewed chromosomal syndromes. 12p Trisomy syndrome is characterized by normal or increased [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

Anemia

births and low birth weight. [dhsprogram.com]

[…] demand for catch-up growth can cause iron deficiency; rarely occurs before birth weight is doubled Increased RBC turnover Drug use Primaquine, sulfamethoxazole, and nitrofurantoin [aafp.org]

Among pregnant women, severe anemia can result in low birth weight and child mortality. [povertyactionlab.org]

Bacterial Vaginosis

From 1986 to 1991, however, the incidence of premature birth of low-birth-weight infants (those born at less than 37 weeks' gestation, weighing less than 2500 g) increased [doi.org]

BV can increase the risk for: Low birth weight babies Early labor and birth If you are pregnant and have BV, see your health care provider one month after finishing treatment [publichealth.va.gov]

Like earlier studies reporting links between bacteroides, M. hominis, and preterm birth, 15-17 this study documented an increased risk of preterm delivery of low-birth-weight [doi.org]

Hypersensitivity

weight or preterm infants, and 2) appropriate for gestation age term infants. [doi.org]

Systemic glucocorticoids may increase the risk of preeclampsia and decreased birth weight but should be used if asthma exacerbation is severe, because untreated asthma bears [emedicine.com]

Food hypersensitivity and allergy are prevalent and represent a substantial health problem that may be increasing in developed countries ( Burr 1989 ; Halken 2004 ; Prescott [doi.org]

Third Trimester Pregnancy

[…] placental weight/birth weight ratio (placental ratio) and whether the placental ratio correlated with the hemoglobin level at different periods and with other factors, such [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The group without increased S/Ds had a higher mean birth weight and lower incidences of perinatal death, cesarean delivery for fetal distress, acidosis, and NICU admission [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The food you eat during the final three months is directly utilized in increasing your baby's birth weight. [familyeducation.com]

Malnutrition

Starting during pregnancy, balanced protein-energy, iron-folic acid, and multiple micronutrient supplementation were all found to increase birth weight. [nutrition.org]

A deficiency in folic acid during pregnancy can cause birth defects and increase the risk of low birth weight and preterm delivery. [labtestsonline.org]

According to presenter Kay Dewey, the study found that giving LNS to mothers prenatally reduced the prevalence of stunting and increased the birth weight, head circumference [nutrition.org]

Birth

0.168 SD increase in birth weight (p 7.1 10 - 5 ), respectively at the Bonferroni-adjusted level of significance. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, we observed that one standard deviation (SD) increase in hip circumference (HIP) was associated with a 0.392 SD increase in birth length (p 1.1 10 - 6 ) and a [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Periodontitis

[…] risk of complications during pregnancy, including low birth weight and preeclampsia increased risk of heart disease, respiratory disease, and diabetes Treatment is aimed [healthline.com]

[…] complications of periodontitis include: painful abscesses migration of your teeth, which may interfere with eating receding gums and exposure of the roots of your teeth increased [healthline.com]

Sexually Transmitted Disease

Low-birth-weight infants have an increased risk of death. [msdmanuals.com]

Epidemiology The incidence varies based on gestational age and birth weight, with increased incidence among low birth weight infants. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Syphilis in pregnancy leads to approximately 305 000 fetal and neonatal deaths every year and leaves 215 000 infants at increased risk of dying from prematurity, low-birth-weight [web.archive.org]

Urinary Stress Incontinence

Increased birth weight. Pregnancy itself (as opposed to delivery factors). Use of forceps. Age 25 years at first delivery. Shape of pelvis. Family history of prolapse. [patient.info]

Increasing number of children and larger birth weight of children may be a risk factor. [urogynaecology.com.au]

The weight of the baby and the stress of labour and birth can strain the pelvic muscles and supporting ligaments, resulting in urogenital prolapse in subsequent years. [thestar.com.my]

Hypertension

[…] have been linked to weight (ie, low birth weight 37 and excess current weight 38 ) in youth. [doi.org]

Maternal obesity is associated with gestational DM, higher birth weight, childhood obesity measured by increased BMI, and increased risk of the metabolic syndrome and T2DM [doi.org]

In their review of secular trends in BP in early life, McCarron et al 39 allude to other factors that may reduce adulthood hypertension prevalence, such as birth weight, childhood [doi.org]

Depression

[…] during delivery, smaller fetus compared to the gestational age, newborns with low birth weights and low apgar scores. [agris.fao.org]

Depression in pregnancy may cause such pregnancy and obstetrical complications as preterm delivery, preeclampsia, difficult birth, increased need for surgical intervention [agris.fao.org]

It is also important due to its potential to increase the risk of suicide attempts and postpartum depression. [agris.fao.org]

Acne Vulgaris

[…] the risk of major birth defects, miscarriages, stillbirths, premature births, or low birth weight.[142] Similarly, in studies examining the effects of topical retinoids during [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] first trimester of pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes is limited.[142] A systematic review of observational studies concluded that such exposure does not appear to increase [en.wikipedia.org]

Substance Abuse

Substance abuse during pregnancy can lead to other complications for babies, including premature birth, low birth weight and sudden infant death syndrome. [theglobeandmail.com]

In Ontario, the number of cases of neonatal abstinence syndrome, or NAS, jumped to 654 in 2010 from 171 in 2003 – an almost four-fold increase. [theglobeandmail.com]

Metabolic Syndrome

Affected individuals have normal birth weight, but growth deceleration starts at about 8-10 years of age. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Low birth weight in infants, inadequate growth and development in children, diminished mental function, and increased susceptibility to disease are among the many consequences [britannica.com]

In patients with the disorder linked to chromosome 2, the increase in body mass index is very high in childhood and continues high thereafter. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute Respiratory Infection

[…] with the presence of certain risk factors: low birth weight, absence of breast-feeding, malnutrition, measles, vitamin A deficiency, indoor air pollution, smoking and HIV [bu.digication.com]

[…] transmitted, as this has critical importance for treatment and prevention (WHO, 2010) The risk of developing an ARI, having a progressive disease and/or death from the disease is increased [bu.digication.com]