Ketosis: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Ketosis

Acidosis

Synonyms Acidosis, metabolic Alcohol induced ketoacidosis Alcoholic ketoacidosis Ketoacidosis due to acute alcohol intoxication Ketoacidosis due to acute alcoholic intoxication Ketosis [icd9data.com]

[…] tissues that is marked by sickly sweet breath, headache, nausea and vomiting, and visual disturbances and is usually a result of excessive acid production — compare alkalosis, ketosis [merriam-webster.com]

Causes: Metabolic Acidosis and Elevated Anion Gap (Mnemonic: "MUD PILERS") Methanol, Metformin Uremia Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), Alcohol ic ketoacidosis or starvation ketosis [fpnotebook.com]

Diabetic Ketotic Coma

They will then tell you that ketosis is dangerous. [ketogenic-diet-resource.com]

A diet very low in carbohydrates (such as bread) can lead to ketosis. [livescience.com]

I find my brain is much sharper when I’m in ketosis. [diabetesdaily.com]

Propionic Acidemia

This disease causes metabolic acidosis, ketosis, vomiting, lethargy, cognitive reductions, and death. There is no cure for PA. [mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com]

In this case, ancillary testing showed ketosis and further workup showed presence of propionic acidemia in a 3-day-old neonate. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This disease causes metabolic acidosis, ketosis, vomiting, lethargy, mental retardation and death. [mayo.edu]

Acetone Poisoning

Different dietary patterns including prolonged fasting and high fat low carbohydrate dieting can produce ketosis in which acetone is formed in the body tissue. [uniassignment.com]

Isopropanol is the only toxic alcohol that causes ketosis without acidosis. [lifeinthefastlane.com]

Poorly Controlled Diabetes Mellitus

Patients seldom develop ketosis but often exhibit obesity. [icd10data.com]

When the kidney is no longer able to handle the excess ketones the patient develops ketosis. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Long-term treatment of the disease emphasizes control of blood glucose levels to prevent the acute complications of ketosis and hyperglycemia. [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Vomiting of Pregnancy

Hyperemesis gravidarum is uncontrollable vomiting during pregnancy that results in dehydration, weight loss, and ketosis. [merckmanuals.com]

[…] gravidarum is nausea and vomiting severe enough to cause physiological and biochemical effects, including significant dehydration, often with electrolyte abnormalities, ketosis [sharinginhealth.ca]

Then the body breaks down fats, resulting in a buildup of waste products (ketones) called ketosis. Ketosis can cause fatigue, bad breath, dizziness, and other symptoms. [merckmanuals.com]

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

This particular presentation of diabetes has been termed as ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes (KPDM) or atypical diabetes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] without coma, Diabetic acidosis, NOS, Diabetic Ketoses, Diabetic Ketosis, Ketoses, Diabetic, Ketosis, Diabetic, Diabetic Ketoacidosis French ACIDOCETOSE DIABETIQUE, Diabète [fpnotebook.com]

Subsequent studies evaluated phosphate and bicarbonate therapy, lipid metabolism, ketosis-prone type 2 patients, and use of rapid-acting insulin analogs as well as leptin [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Tropical Pancreatitis

Tropical calcific pancreatitis is associated with neither HIV infection nor antiretroviral therapy and often leads to insulin-dependent, but ketosis-resistant, diabetes mellitus [nejm.org]

About 25% of patients develop diabetes which generally requires insulin for its control but is ketosis-resistant. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Organic Aciduria

All these four disorders present in neonates as a neurologic distress of the intoxication type with either ketosis or ketoacidosis and hyperammonaemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] metabolic acidosis, low bicarbonate values, increased anion gap, hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia, lactic acidemia, triglyceridemia, elevated levels of free fatty acids, and ketosis [research.njms.rutgers.edu]

A clinical presentation of a metabolic disorder, often first seen in infants who present with poor feeding, vomiting, tachypnea, acidosis, hyperammonemia, ketosis, ketonuria [journals.sbmu.ac.ir]

Multiple Carboxylase Deficiency

A 30-month-old female patient who presented with the initial features of diabetic ketoacidosis (severe metabolic acidosis, ketosis, and hyperglycemia), lactic acidemia, moderate [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Severe metabolic acidosis with ketosis and hyperammonemia. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

[…] resulting in hypoglycemia • abnormal urine organic acids characteristic of ketosis increased lactic acid.  3-hydroxy isovaleric acid.  3-methylcrotonylglycine.  methylcitrate [fr.slideshare.net]

Alcoholic Ketoacidosis

"Toxigenic and Metabolic Causes of Ketosis and Ketoacidotic Syndromes". Critical Care Clinics. 28 (4): 601–631. doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2012.07.001. [en.wikipedia.org]

A diet very low in carbohydrates (such as bread) can lead to ketosis. [livescience.com]

BIBLIOGRAPHY : 1)Fulop M, Ben-Ezra J, Bock J: Alcoholic ketosis. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res 10:610, 1986. 2)Fulop M, Hoberman HD: Alcoholic ketosis. [emjournal.net]

Fructose-1,6-Diphosphatase Deficiency

Regardless of the onset of symptoms, lactic acidosis and ketosis may be life-threatening. For this reason, an early diagnosis can be life-saving. [symptoma.com]

Hypoglycaemia was accompanied by markedly raised levels of plasma free fatty acids, without the expected degree of ketosis. [discovery.ucl.ac.uk]

The disorder is manifested by the appearance of hypoglycaemia, ketosis and lactic acidosis (neonatally or later during fasting or induced by fructose) and may also be life-threatening [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 1C

Frequency: Rare Onset: Early childhood Clinical features: Benign course with symptoms lessening with aging; growth retardation, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, ketosis [msdmanuals.com]

Fasting hypoglycemia occurs with ketosis and appears early in life (infancy to childhood). [quizlet.com]

Acidosis without ketosis in biotin-unresponsive 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 6

During prolonged periods without food (fasting), affected individuals may have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or elevated levels of ketones in the blood (ketosis). [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

Moreover, ketosis may occur as a result of longer fasts (notably overnight) or vigorous physical activity. Some cases experience no hypoglycemia at all. [symptoma.com]

Because liver cells cannot break down glycogen into glucose, individuals with GSDVI can have hypoglycemia and may use fats for energy, resulting in ketosis. [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 0

Thus, glycogen storage disorders can manifest as hypoglycemia, ketosis, lethargy, fatigue, weakness, muscle cramping, and exercise intolerance. [emedicine.com]

Specific biochemical features : Hypoglycaemia, ketosis, raised fasting lactate. [patient.info]

Background Glycogen-storage disease type 0 (GSD-0), or glycogen synthetase deficiency, commonly appears in infancy and early childhood with fasting hypoglycemia accompanied by ketosis [emedicine.com]

Muscle Phosphorylase Kinase Deficiency

When hypoglycemia or ketosis is present, Polycose ® or fruit juice is given orally as tolerated or glucose by IV. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Frequency: Rare Onset: Early childhood Clinical features: Benign course with symptoms lessening with aging; growth retardation, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, ketosis [msdmanuals.com]

During prolonged periods without food (fasting), affected individuals may have low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or elevated levels of ketones in the blood (ketosis). [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 3

Euglycemia needs to be maintained during pregnancy as lipolysis and ketosis increase the risk of fetal demise (1). [air.unimi.it]

Symptoms improve after puberty but the increased metabolism of pregnancy predisposes to hypoglycaemia, ketosis and lactic acidosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Specific biochemical features : Hypoglycaemia, ketosis, raised fasting lactate. [patient.info]

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 9

The ketosis was reversed by glucagon administration. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

While minimal hypoglycemia was occurring, prominent ketosis was present. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Mild hypoglycaemia, marked ketosis and insufficient growth hormone secretion were revealed at night. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Phosphoglycerate Kinase 1 Deficiency

[…] but normal resting serum lactate and uric acid Cori's disease lab data Cori's disease clinical sever hypoglycemia, ketosis, hepato(nephro)megaly increased # of short outer [quia.com]

Liver involvement ( liver GSD ): Types 0a, I, III, IV, VI, IX, GLUT 2 deficiency Hypoglycemia (typically fasting hypoglycemia ) and ketosis Hepatomegaly → distended abdomen [amboss.com]

Frequency: Rare Onset: Early childhood Clinical features: Benign course with symptoms lessening with aging; growth retardation, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, ketosis [msdmanuals.com]

HMG-CoA Lyase Deficiency

The disease is characterized by recurrent episodes of metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia without ketosis, hypoglycemia, lethargy, hepatomegaly, and seizures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Thus, patients present with severe and potentially life-threatening hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis without ketosis, hyperammonemia, and even coma when introduced to dietary [symptoma.com]

[…] methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HL) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia without ketosis [genome.jp]

Disorder of Fatty Acid Metabolism

HMGCS2D should be considered in the differential diagnosis when hypertriglyceridemia, or low HDL cholesterol levels are seen in a child who presents with acidosis, mild ketosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Objective To identify the genetic causes and evaluate the phenotype of mitochondrial HMG‐CoA synthase deficiency in a pediatric patient with uncommon features that included ketosis [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Classic Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Otherwise, isolated ketosis and encephalopathy or maple syrup odor are suggestive. [orpha.net]

Metabolic consequences include: Increased ketoacids -> ketosis, metabolic acidosis Increased glucose utilization -> ketosis Increased leucine -> brain toxicity Acute Presentation [newenglandconsortium.org]

In infants, ketosis, with the absence of significant metabolic acidosis, hyperammonaemia and hypoglycaemia, rules out many inborn errors of metabolism. [orpha.net]

Intermittent Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Otherwise, isolated ketosis and encephalopathy or maple syrup odor are suggestive. [orpha.net]

If MSUD is found, there will be signs of ketosis and excess acid (acidosis). These are measured in the usual newborn screening test. [secure.ssa.gov]

Disorder of Fructose Metabolism

This deficiency compromises gluconeogenesis and results in fasting hypoglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis. This deficiency can be fatal in neonates. [merckmanuals.com]

Liver involvement ( liver GSD ): Types 0a, I, III, IV, VI, IX, GLUT 2 deficiency Hypoglycemia (typically fasting hypoglycemia ) and ketosis Hepatomegaly → distended abdomen [amboss.com]

BIPHOSPHATASE DEFICIENCY • PREVENTS GLUCONEOGENESIS • BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL MAINTANANCE IS DEPENDANT ON EXOGENOUS GLUCOSE • LACTIC ACIDOSIS • HYPERVENTILATION • HYPOGLYCEMIA • KETOSIS [slideshare.net]

Disorders of Pyruvate Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Acidosis without ketosis in biotin-unresponsive 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

Frequency: Rare Onset: Early childhood Clinical features: Benign course with symptoms lessening with aging; growth retardation, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, ketosis [msdmanuals.com]

Hyperglycinuria

The outstanding features of the syndrome are: onset in the neonatal period of episodes of vomiting, lethargy and ketosis; neutropenia; periodic thrombocytopenia; hypogammaglobulinemia [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

[…] pro·pi·on·ic·ac·i·de·mia (pro″pe on″ik as″ĭ deґme ə) 1. an autosomal recessive aminoacidopathy characterized by an 2. excess of propionic acid in the blood and urine, with ketosis [medicine.academic.ru]

Hartnup Disease (Sensitivity to light and eye defect) Homocystinuria (Mental retardation) 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA-lyase deficiency (Severe metabolic acidosis without ketosis [genetics-tests.com]

GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome

Ketone levels are checked daily to ensure ketosis is established. [epilepsy.com]

Seizures are effectively controlled with the onset of ketosis, but might recur and require comedication. The effect on neurodevelopment appears less impressive. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

RESULTS: All patients reached mild to moderate ketosis and experienced remarkable improvement in the frequency and severity of paroxysmal movement disorders. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Methyl Ethyl Ketone Poisoning

Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) DOT ID: ETHYL METHYL KETONE 3 UN1193 PG: II FLAMMABLE LIQUID C.A.S. Number: 78-93-3 ETHYL METHYL KETONE MEK FLAMMABLE LIQUID NFPA 704: Red 3 -- Flammability: Ignites at normal temperatures Blue 1 -- Health Hazard: Slightly hazardous Yellow 0 -- Reactivity: Normally stable General[…] [conestogafuels.com]

Transient Hyperammonemia of the Newborn

Urea cycle defect NO ketosis or acidosis!! [brainscape.com]

Urinary ketone tests: ketosis indicates an organic acidemia Plasma and urinary organic acid tests: These levels screen for an organic acidemia 77. [slideshare.net]

Organic acidemias Usually these disorders are associated with ketosis and acidosis in addition to hyperammonemia. [bredagenetics.com]

Glycogen Storage Disease Type 10

[…] but normal resting serum lactate and uric acid Cori's disease lab data Cori's disease clinical sever hypoglycemia, ketosis, hepato(nephro)megaly increased # of short outer [quia.com]

Frequency: Rare Onset: Early childhood Clinical features: Benign course with symptoms lessening with aging; growth retardation, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, ketosis [msdmanuals.com]

 GSD 0 presents in infancy or early childhood with fasting hypoglycemia and ketosis and, in contrast, with postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlactatemia.  Treatment is [slideshare.net]