Learning Disabilities: Possible Causes & Differential Diagnoses

Dementia
Learning Disabilities

Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia. The etiology of AD remains, in large part, unresolved, however, RORA (Retinoic Acid Receptor-related Orphan Receptor) emerges as a gene with a probable central role in the AD pathology/etiology. The main reversible causes of dementia include vitamin B12…^[1]
Klinefelter Syndrome
Learning Disabilities

About 70% of patients have minor developmental and learning disabilities. […] These co-morbidities include increased risk for diabetes, cardiovascular events, and osteoporosis, as well as developmental delays, mild retardation, learning disabilities […] Complications of Klinefelter syndrome include osteoporosis, increased cardiovascular risk, mild to moderate developmental and learning disabilities, and increased psychosocial^[2]
Dandy-Walker Syndrome
Learning Disabilities

Up to half of affected individuals have intellectual disability that ranges from mild to severe, and those with normal intelligence may have learning disabilities.^[3]
Attention Deficit Disorder
Learning Disabilities

Associated mental health problems include: depression, anxiety disorder, and learning disabilities. […] Learning disabilities can include developmental speech and language disorders and academic skills disorders. […] ADHD, however, is not considered a learning disability, but it very frequently causes academic difficulties.^[4]
Tuberous Sclerosis
Learning Disabilities

Prior to this, the diagnosis of TSC was largely restricted to severely affected individuals with Vogt's triad of learning disability, seizures, and facial angiofibroma. […] The prognosis for individuals with TSC depends on the severity of symptoms, which range from mild skin abnormalities to varying degrees of learning disabilities and epilepsy^[5]
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Learning Disabilities

Curfs and Fryns (1992) conducted research into the varying degrees of learning disability found in PWS.^[6]
Turner Syndrome
Learning Disabilities

A standard 30-cell karyotype analysis is required for diagnosis of Turner syndrome, in order to exclude mosaicism. Patients with Turner syndrome should be investigated for the presence of Y chromosomal material using a Y-centromeric probe. Malignant gonadoblastomas or testicular tissue might be seen in these…^[7]
Gaucher Disease
Learning Disabilities

Although the diagnosis can't be made solely on physical signs, a clinical suspicion toward this condition should be made in patients where other causes have been excluded, such as lymphomas and leukemias, as well as other lysosomal storage diseases that have a similar clinical presentation. Workup starts with a…^[8]
Meningeal Plague
Learning Disabilities
Iodine Deficiency Goiter
Learning Disabilities

Possible Causes for Learning Disabilities in USA

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Further symptoms

Similar symptoms

References