Leptospira Interrogans: Possible Causes & Differential Diagnoses

Fort Bragg Fever
Leptospira Interrogans Leptospira
Relapsing Fever
Weil's Disease

Relapsing fever is a condition characterized by episodes of fever, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, and nausea followed by a few days of improvement after which there is a recurrence of symptoms. It is caused by some species of Borrelia spirochetes and can be of two types: the tick-borne relapsing fever and the…^[1]
Babesiosis
Weil's Disease

Babesiosis is an infectious tick-borne caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia. The symptoms manifested in cases of babesiosis are similar to symptoms of malaria. The extent of the symptoms depends on the extent of RBC destruction due to the parasite. The range can be from no overt symptoms to severe…^[2]
Leptospirosis
Weil's Disease Leptospira

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease which occurs in humans, rodents and other wild and domesticated species. There is a wide range of symptoms that can occur in humans who are affected by leptospirosis even though some people will be asymptomatic. Since the disease is considered a biphasic disease it presents…^[3]
Kawasaki Disease
Weil's Disease

Kawasaki disease (Kawasaki syndrome, mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that primarily affects infants and children. Symptoms include a fever lasting more than 5 days, macular-papular erythematous rash, adenopathy, bilateral conjunctival injection and swelling of the…^[4]
Viral Meningitis
Weil's Disease

Viral meningitis, as the name suggests, is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the meninges which are essentially membranes that cover the brain and the spinal cord. Individuals with poor immune system are more prone to develop viral infections. The symptoms of viral meningitis often mimic those of bacterial…^[5]
Yellow Fever
Weil's Disease

Yellow fever is an acute arbovirus infection. It is transmitted by the bite of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) and other species. Yellow fever has an incubation period of five to six days. In the initial phase that lasts for three to four days, there is mild fever with rigors and chills and yellowing of the…^[6]
Q Fever
Weil's Disease

Q fever is a common zoonosis due to an infection caused by Coxiella burnetii. The infection is acquired via inhalation of droplets from animal urine, feces or placenta. Acute Q fever is a mild illness that may resolve spontaneously. Chronic Q fever is a serious life threatening illness that has a high mortality. Q fever…^[7]
Typhoid Fever
Weil's Disease

Typhoid fever (enteric fever) is a multisystemic bacterial disease caused by salmonella typhi. Common symptoms include fever, malaise, bradycardia, headache, abdominal pain, and constipation. As the clinical presentation of typhoid fever is variable, and since it is a potentially fatal condition, treatment is presumptively…^[8]
Epidemic Typhus
Weil's Disease

Epidemic typhus is the most severe form of rickettsial infections. This louse-borne typhus is an acute febrile illness that features a headache, rash, myalgia, vasculitis, and is complicated by severe central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, gangrene, and high rates of death in untreated individuals. It is…^[9]

Possible Causes for Leptospira Interrogans in USA

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References