Macrocytic Anemia: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Macrocytic Anemia

Macrocytic anemias are generally classified into megaloblastic or nonmegaloblastic anemia. [doi.org]

Megaloblastic anemias are a subgroup of macrocytic anemias, in which distinctive morphologic abnormalities occur in red cell precursors in bone marrow, namely megaloblastic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Autoimmune Gastritis

Lab: classically considered to have macrocytic anemia; however, normocytic and microcystic more common.[2] Etiology: autoimmune. [librepathology.org]

In the 14 patients with positivity for both PCA and IFA, microcytic anemia was present in 4 cases (28.6%) and macrocytic anemia in 10 cases (71.4%). [hindawi.com]

(IDA), 48 with normocytic indices, and 29 with macrocytic anemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pernicious Anemia

These manifestations may occur in any combination; many patients present with neurologic symptoms without macrocytic anemia. [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Vitamin B12 deficiency may present with any combination of the following: macrocytic anemia, glossitis (painful inflammation of the tongue), peripheral neuropathy, weakness [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

For example, many patients present with neurological defects without macrocytic anemia. [clinlabnavigator.com]

Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia

This report describes a case of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) type I diagnosed in a 22-year-old woman with a two year history of macrocytic anemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract Macrocytic anemia with abnormal erythropoiesis is a common feature of megaloblastic anemias, congenital dyserythropoietic anemias, and myelodysplastic syndromes. [jci.org]

Three types are described: type I [MIM224120], macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia with erythroblastic internuclear chromatin bridges; type II, [MIM*224100], normoblastic anemia [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Folic Acid Deficiency

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Folic acid deficiency (FAD) may result in macrocytic anemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pernicious anemia is a macrocytic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency that is due to a lack of IF secretion by gastric mucosa. [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Macrocytic anemia of pregnancy responds to treatment with folic acid. [studyandscore.com]

Refractory Megaloblastic Anemia

TOC | HEME Approach to Macrocytic /Megaloblastic Anemia By means of morphologic and biochemical criteria, macrocytic anemias can be divided into two groups: The megaloblastic [enotes.tripod.com]

Examples include causesof splenomegaly, indications for splenectomy, differential diagnosis of normocytic anemia,macrocytic anemia, hypochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, bone [books.google.de]

Clinical signs macrocytic normochromic anemia pernicious anemia: also atrophic glossitis, atrophic gastritis, neurologic disorders Histology Peripheral blood: normochromic [atlases.muni.cz]

Subacute Combined Degeneration of Spinal Cord

She had macrocytic anemia (MCV 115), and vitamin B12 levels were in the low normal range—254 pg/mL (reference for low, 239). [shmabstracts.com]

Laboratory blood analyses disclosed macrocytic anemia (Hemoglobin [Hb]: 6.4 g/dl; mean corpuscular volume [MCV]: 137 fl), and low serum vitamin B12 (110 pg/ml). [omicsonline.org]

Serum B12, methylmalonic acid, Schilling test, Complete Blood Count- looking for megaloblastic anemia if there is also folic acid deficiency or macrocytic anemia. [en.wikipedia.org]

Folate-Deficiency Anemia

Folate deficiency is one of the causes of macrocytic anemia. [epilepsy.com]

Definition / general Folate deficiency is a low level of folic acid (Vitamin B9) in the body Essential features Characterized by macrocytic anemia Terminology Also called [pathologyoutlines.com]

Once a macrocytic anemia is identified (MCV >100) and medications excluded, a PBS should be examined. [med-ed.virginia.edu]

Congenital Malabsorption of Folic Acid

[…] loss with normal appetite Fat Pale,voluminous,greasy offensive diarrhea Protein Edema, muscle atrophy, amenorrhea carbohydrate Abdominal bloating, flatus, w. diarrhea B12 Macrocytic [slideplayer.com]

The megaloblastic effect is characterized by an aregenerative macrocytic anemia with nuclear dysmaturity, where the nucleus appears immature relative to the cytoplasm because [emedicine.medscape.com]

Macrocytic anemia should prompt measurement of serum folate and B 12 levels. [msdmanuals.com]

Idiopathic Refractory Anemia

Macrocytic anemia is usually caused by vitamin d eficiencies, alcohol use, medication s or thyroid. [seer.cancer.gov]

Thrombocytopenia ; with impaired primary hemostasis → petechial bleeding Hepatosplenomegaly (uncommon) References: [4] Diagnostics CBC with peripheral smear Normocytic or macrocytic [amboss.com]

This effectively ruled out ITP and we considered a diagnosis of 5q-syndrome, which is characterized by del(5q), macrocytic anemia, and normal or elevated platelet count [ [synapse.koreamed.org]

Myxedema

[…] secondary to hemorrhage, or macrocytic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, or normocytic normochromic anemia, which may be secondary to decreased oxygen requirement [emedicine.com]

These include macrocytic anemia and high creatine kinase and cholesterol levels. [cureus.com]

[…] caused by coagulopathy related to an acquired von Willebrand syndrome (type 1) and decreases in factors V, VII, VIII, IX, and X. [18, 19] Patients may also have microcytic anemia [emedicine.com]

Transcobalamin 2 Deficiency

Complete blood count revealed severe macrocytic anemia (hemoglobin, 2.8 g/dL; mean corpuscular volume, 117 fL), thrombocytopenia (platelets, 117 × 10 9/L), and normal white [imagebank.hematology.org]

It is a common cause of macrocytic (megaloblastic) anemia and, in advanced cases, pancytopenia. [sites.google.com]

Entrez Gene IDs 6948 (Human); 21452 (Mouse); 64365 (Rat) Alternate Names D22S676; D22S750; macrocytic anemia; TC; TC-2; TC2II; TCII; TCN2; Transcobalamin II; transcobalamin [rndsystems.com]

Tropical Sprue

Patients with tropical sprue typically present with macrocytic anemia due to malabsorption of folate and/or vitamin B(12). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Keywords Main Side Effect Main Drug Interaction Macrocytic Anemia Tropical Sprue Celiac Sprue These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. [link.springer.com]

Past studies have indicated a megaloblastic macrocytic anemia, steatorrhea, impaired absorption of glucose, and abnormal x-ray patterns of the small bowel in untreated patients [jamanetwork.com]

Dihydrofolate Reductase Deficiency

Definition / general Folate deficiency is a low level of folic acid (Vitamin B9) in the body Essential features Characterized by macrocytic anemia Terminology Also called [pathologyoutlines.com]

This condition merits consideration in young patients who present with unexplained macrocytic anemia, moderately severe developmental disorders, and epilepsy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PubMed Search: Folate deficiency anemia [title] Page views in 2018: 966 Page views in 2019 to date: 509 Cite this page: Amita R Folate deficiency anemia. [pathologyoutlines.com]

Blind Loop Syndrome

Pathogenesis and treatment of macrocytic anemia. Arch. Int. Med. 1956; 96: 541 Scopus (33) Crossref Google Scholar MacLean L.D. [amjmed.com]

Vitamin B12 deficiency may cause macrocytic anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is larger than normal. [natural-homeremedies.org]

The macrocytic anemia appears related to binding of vitamin B12 by metabolites of Escherichia coli, and treatment with antibiotics frequently gives striking relief (7). [pubs.rsna.org]

Diphyllobothrium Latum Infection

C Produces macrocytic anemia due to B12 deficiency a. Diphyllobothrium is an example of the genera under Pseudophyllidea. [gradestack.com]

anemia ("tapeworm anemia") secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency (3) decreased serum vitamin B12 Often the infection is found incidentally when the patient is being worked [meducator3.net]

In Diphyllobothrium latum infection, true: A Definitive host is Cyclops B Infective agent is metacercaria C Produces macrocytic anemia due to B12 deficiency D All are true [gradestack.com]

Hereditary Orotic Aciduria

It includes signs and symptoms of macrocytic hypochromic anemia with megaloblastic changes in bone marrow, leukopenia, retarded growth, and urinary excretion of large amounts [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Myelodysplasia

Medical Importance The myelodysplastic syndromes are clonal hematopoietic disorders that commonly cause macrocytic anemia in older patients. [hematology.org]

Thrombocytopenia ; with impaired primary hemostasis → petechial bleeding Hepatosplenomegaly (uncommon) References:[4] Diagnostics CBC with peripheral smear Normocytic or macrocytic [amboss.com]

The deletion 5q syndrome is a unique form of myelodysplastic syndrome, occurring primarily in women in whom macrocytic anemia and thrombocytosis are typically present. [merckmanuals.com]

Afferent Loop Syndrome

The macrocytic anemia appears related to binding of vitamin B12 by metabolites of Escherichia coli, and treatment with antibiotics frequently gives striking relief (7). [pubs.rsna.org]

Malabsorption of Vitamin B12

Megaloblastic macrocytic anemia Antony AC. Megaloblastic anemias. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 7th ed. [medlineplus.gov]

References: [2] [4] Diagnostics Hematological findings Signs of megaloblastic anemia ↓ Hb ↑ MCV ( macrocytic ), ↑ MCH ( hyperchromic ) Hypersegmented neutrophils (lobe count [amboss.com]

The opposite of Macrocytic Anemia is Iron Deficiency Anemia, technically called, “Microcytic Anemia” micro meaning little. [health-boundaries.com]

Acute Erythroblastic Leukemia

hypogranulation, hyposegmentation Megakaryocytes: small, non-lobulated cells Older patients Asymptomatic, or BM failure Macrocytic anemia Low-grade: support, follow. [quizlet.com]

An excellent example was case 352 Image 1D, a 20-year-old man who had jaundice and severe macrocytic anemia. [academic.oup.com]

Clinical and Lab Findings in MDS: what type of patients symptoms what kind of anemia Treatment and Prognosis of MDS Red cells: megaloblastic nuclei, fragmentation Neutrophils [quizlet.com]

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

CBC showed leukopenia (WBC 2.9 x 103 /µL) with neutropenia (segmented neutrophils 48%), macrocytic anemia (Hgb 6.1 g/dL, hematocrit 20%, MCV,113 fL) and thrombocytopenia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Alternative Names Macrocytic achylic anemia; Congenital pernicious anemia; Juvenile pernicious anemia; Vitamin B12 deficiency (malabsorption); Anemia - intrinsic factor; Anemia [mclaren.org]

[…] tur·nal he·mo·glo·bi·nu·ri·a an infrequent disorder with insidious onset (usually in the third or fourth decade) and chronic course, characterized by episodes of hemolytic anemia [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Chronic Alcoholism

Macrocytosis with an MCV > 100 fL reflects the direct effect of alcohol on bone marrow as well as macrocytic anemia resulting from folate deficiency, which is common among [merckmanuals.com]

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency

Kang, Microcytic, Normocytic, and Macrocytic Anemias, Non‐Neoplastic Hematopathology and Infections, (65-88), (2012). [dx.doi.org]

Clinical evaluation of blood from patients with PKLR deficiency will show normocytic anemia (sometimes macrocytic) which is reflective of the reticulocytosis that is invariably [themedicalbiochemistrypage.org]

Giger, Erythrocytic Pyruvate Kinase Mutations Causing Hemolytic Anemia, Osteosclerosis, and Secondary Hemochromatosis in Dogs, Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 26, [dx.doi.org]

Resection of the Terminal Ileum

Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate are causes of macrocytic anemia. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Your suggestion of B12 deficiency due to ileal involvment, leading to hemolysis (due to the macrocytic anemia) really makes sense to me. [forums.studentdoctor.net]

A severe macrocytic anemia (elevated MCV), accompanied by hypersegmented neutrophils, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia eventually develops. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Type 1

Subjects were excluded if there was a known history of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), 14 UC, or macrocytic anemia. [doi.org]

Vitamin B12 and folate deficient anemia is characteristically macrocytic. [doi.org]

Kwashiorkor

Thus, anemia is usually present, most often hypochromic microcytic anemia, but a concurrent deficiency of folates may lead to a mixed microcytic-macrocytic anemia. [humpath.com]

Severe Aplastic Anemia

If cell size is much smaller than normal, it is known as microcytic anemia. If it is much bigger than normal, then it is macrocytic anemia. [labtestsonline.org]

Diamond-Blackfan anemia Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is characterized by a normochromic macrocytic anemia that can be isolated, or it can be associated with growth retardation [emedicine.medscape.com]

Dubowitz syndrome is also associated with eczema, immune deficiency, and aplastic anemia. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Primary Myelofibrosis

MCV, MCH, MCHC, PSE Microcytic hypochromic Macrocytic hypo/normo Megaloblastic NormoblasticIron Def. [slideshare.net]

Anemia Ferritin, TIBC, BM Fe Thalassemia, Hb pathy Sederoblastic Anaem. Chr. Infection, Lead Folate defici. [slideshare.net]

Anemia Suspected Thorough Clin, Bleed Hb%, RCC, Hct Decreased RPI, Retic count <2 RPI, Retic count >2 Hemolytic Anemia Coombs DAT, IDAT Hb electrophoresis Osmotic fragility [slideshare.net]

Anemia

Macrocytic anemia Possible causes of macrocytic anemia include vitamin B-12 deficiency, folate deficiency, liver disease, and hypothyroidism. [emedicine.com]

Macrocytic anemia (MCV > 100 fL) [6][9][10][11] Peripheral blood smear (PBS): initial investigation for macrocytic anemia to look for megaloblastic changes (hypersegmented [amboss.com]

Anemia of chronic disease commonly is manifested by normocytic normochromic indices; however, microcytic hypochromic indices also can be associated with anemia of chronic [emedicine.com]