Macrosomia: Causes & Reasons

Warning: Do not use in emergencies, if pregnant, if under 18, or as a substitute for a doctor’s advice or diagnosis. Learn more

Possible Causes for Macrosomia

Hypertrichotic Osteochondrodysplasia

December 2013 48 Reads 16 Citations 1.490 Impact Factor Publication Analysis Top Keywords multi-organ abnormalities 4 ventricular fibrillation 4 hypertrichosis macrosomia [pubfacts.com]

Cantu syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, neonatal macrosomia, a distinct osteochondrodysplasia, and cardiomegaly. [diseaseinfosearch.org]

Definition A rare disorder characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, neonatal macrosomia, a distinct osteochondrodysplasia, and cardiomegaly. [uniprot.org]

Diabetes in Pregnancy

However, women with GDM possibly exhibit greater macrosomia than obese women. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Keywords Gestational diabetes mellitus - glucose intolerance - impaired glucose tolerance - screening - macrosomia [doi.org]

Postprandial blood sugars in particular have been associated with increased macrosomia rates. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Gestational Diabetes

The control group was younger, less obese, and had a lower rate of previous macrosomia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(GDM-M) comparing with patients without macrosomia; ii, increased in GDM-M comparing with NC-P group; iii, increased in GDM-M comparing with NC. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(risk ratio 0.33 (0.13 to 0.81)), and large for gestational age newborn (risk ratio 0.44 (0.21 to 0.92)). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Maternal Diabetes Syndrome

Infants whose weight exceeds the 90th percentile for gestational age are classified as large for gestational age (LGA). [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] of the infant of the diabetic mother is generally perceived as being macrosomic or large for gestational age. [care.diabetesjournals.org]

Also, there are maternal implications secondary to a delivery of a macrosomic or a large for gestational age fetus, such as an increased rate of cesarean delivery, postpartum [diapedia.org]

Neonatal Hypoglycemia

CONCLUSION: Diabetes was protective of neonatal hypoglycemia, which may be explained by optimum maternal glucose management; nevertheless macrosomia was independently predictive [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Fourteen infants demonstrated growth restriction, 1 had macrosomia, and 2 had mothers with diabetes mellitus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Disproportionate body composition and perinatal outcome in large-for-gestational-age infants to mothers with type 1 diabetes. [alliedacademies.org]

Uterine Atony

Risk factors [ edit ] Many factors can contribute to the loss of uterine muscle tone, including: [1] overdistention of the uterus multiple gestations polyhydramnios fetal macrosomia [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] when: You are delivering twins or triplets You are older than 35 years of age Your are obese or overweight You have excess of amniotic fluid called polyhydramnios Fetal macrosomia [mygynae.co.uk]

Risk factors that may lead to the development of uterine atony comprise conditions that cause overdistended uterus (multiple gestations, fetal macrosomia, polyhydraminos), [symptoma.com]

Transitory Tachypnea of the Newborn

Macrosomia. Excessive milking of cord. Maternal sedation. Clinical Features : Tachypnoea - resolves in 48-72 hrs. [mediconotebook.com]

Other risk factors include macrosomia, maternal diabetes and/or asthma, lower gestational age, and male sex. [merckmanuals.com]

Polyhydramnios

The outcome variables included mode of delivery, pre-term delivery, birth weight, macrosomia, large-for-gestational-age (weight > p90), neonatal or infant mortality and infant [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abbreviations: AFI — amniotic fluid index aOR — adjusted odds ratio CD — cesarean delivery CI — confidence interval LGA — large for gestational age MVP — maximal vertical [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

The overall incidence of CD was significantly higher among women with polyhydramnios (31.3%) compared to the controls (18.7%), (p KEYWORDS: Labouring caesarean; macrosomia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Postpartum Hemorrhage of the Uterus

Risk factors include: an overly distended uterus caused by polyhydramnios, multiple gestation, or macrosomia uterine muscle exhaustion caused by rapid labor, prolonged labor [americannursetoday.com]

[…] spiral arteries Uterine atony defined as a boggy and enlarged uterus Causes 90% of postpartum hemorrhages Risk factors include multiple gestations hydraminos multiparity macrosomia [medbullets.com]

You may be at a higher risk of atony of the uterus if: you’re delivering multiples, such as twins or triplets your baby is much larger than average, which is called fetal macrosomia [healthline.com]

Abnormal Uterine Contraction

[…] contraction is often accompanied by uterine dysfunction and the two .together constitute the most common cause of dystocia Similarly, malpresentation or large fetal size (macrosomia [scribd.com]

For example, if it occurs from macrosomia, the next infant may not be macrosomic. [www1.cgmh.org.tw]

Breech presentation B. fetal macrosomia C. fetal malformation The most common malformation is hydrocephalus, enlargement of the fetal abdomen caused by distended bladder, [powershow.com]

Uterine Rupture in Pregnancy

In patients at risk, we must conduct a preliminary study to delivery to evaluate possible factors such as fetal macrosomia, fetal position, placental alterations, number of [reproductive-immunology.imedpub.com]

Uterine distention Delay in labor progression because of fetal malpresentation Fetal macrosomia and multiple gestations Overdose of oxytocin Uterine scar /prior uterine surge [amboss.com]

These are rare, but they may include a multiple pregnancy, macrosomia (an abnormally large baby) or congenital uterine anomalies. [baby-pedia.com]

Simpson Dysmorphia Syndrome

The main features pointing towards the diagnosis were macrosomia, coarse facial features and macroglossia with a midline groove in the tongue. [scielo.org.za]

When large for gestational age fetuses (LGA) are identified, there are two common causes: maternal diabetes or incorrect dates. [en.wikipedia.org]

Prenatal-onset overgrowth can be secondary to normal variants of familial tall stature, familial rapid maturation, diabetic macrosomia, and congenital nesidioblastosis, or [unboundmedicine.com]

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

Known risk factors are macrosomia and shoulder dystocia (4). [caribbean.scielo.org]

Fetal macrosomia: does antenatal prediction affect delivery route and birth outcome? J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;173:1215-9. [ijrcog.org]

An association between both macrosomia and shoulder dystocia and the development of Erb-Duchenne palsy in the newborn was noted. [mona.uwi.edu]

Nivelon-Nivelon-Mabille Syndrome

[…] encephalopathy, infantile subacute Negative rheumatoid factor polyarthritis Nemaline Myopathy, Amish Type Neonatal transient jaundice Nephroblastomatosis, fetal ascites, macrosomia [mindmappedia.com]

Myopathy, Amish Type Neonatal hemochromatosis Neonatal hepatitis Neonatal herpes Neonatal ovarian cyst Neonatal transient jaundice Nep-Net Nephroblastomatosis,fetal ascites,macrosomia [bionity.com]

[…] hemochromatosis Neonatal hepatitis Neonatal herpes Neonatal ovarian cyst Neonatal transient jaundice Neopharmaphobia Neophobia Nephophobia Nephroblastomatosis,fetal ascites,macrosomia [fact-index.com]

Melhem-Fahl Syndrome

[…] developmental delay dysmorphism Macrosomia microphthalmia cleft palate Macrothrombocytopenia progressive deafness Macrothrombocytopenia with leukocyte inclusions Macu Macular [statemaster.com]

[…] developmental delay dysmorphism Macrosomia microphthalmia cleft palate Macrothrombocytopenia progressive deafness Macrothrombocytopenia with leukocyte inclusions Macular [mindmappedia.com]

Macroepiphyseal dysplasia Mcalister Coe type Macroglobulinemia Macroglossia dominant Macroglossia exomphalos gigantism Macrogyria pseudobulbar palsy Macrophagic myofasciitis Macrosomia [statemaster.com]

Macrocephaly

MOMO syndrome, previously defined as Macrosomia, Obesity, Macrocephaly, and Ocular abnormalities (OMIM 157980) is a rare intellectual disability syndrome of unknown cause. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (M-CMTC) is a craniofacial defect secondary to macrosomia; a case is presented in order to increase knowledge of the [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The patient's first symptoms were macrosomia, early onset obesity, and macrocephaly. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Malignant Hyperthermia - Arthrogryposis - Torticollis

Myelocerebellar Disorder

[…] developmental delay dysmorphism * Macrosomia microphthalmia cleft palate * Macrothrombocytopenia progressive deafness * Macrothrombocytopenia with leukocyte inclusions Macu [en.academic.ru]

[…] dysplasia Mcalister Coe type * Macroglobulinemia * Macroglossia dominant * Macroglossia exomphalos gigantism * Macrogyria pseudobulbar palsy * Macrophagic myofasciitis * Macrosomia [en.academic.ru]

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

[…] syndrome characterized by overgrowth (macrosomia), an increased risk of childhood cancer and congenital malformations Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome edit Language Label Description [wikidata.org]

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a congenital cancer-predisposition syndrome associated with embryonal cancers, macroglossia, macrosomia, ear pits or ear creases, and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Natural History: Macroglossia and macrosomia are usually present at birth, although postnatal onset can occur. Neonatal hypoglycemia is common. [en.wikibooks.org]

Congenital Malformation Syndromes Involving Early Overgrowth

It shows similarities to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. nephroblastomatosis - fetal ascites - macrosomia - Wilms tumor nephroblastomatosis, fetal ascites, macrosomia and Wilms [wikidata.org]

[…] abnormalities syndrome Macrosomia, obesity, macrocephaly, ocular abnormalities Macrocephaly-obesity-mental disability-ocular abnormalities syndrome Macrosomia, Obesity, Macrocephaly [wikidata.org]

[…] for gestational age Birth weight > 90th percentile Birthweight > 90th percentile [ more ] 0001520 Large hands large hand 0001176 Long foot Disproportionately large feet large [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Extreme Fetal Immaturity

[…] in the third trimester of pregnancy.3 Usually, macrosomia is not seen in those mothers with more severe and longer-standing diabetes (e.g., Classes F and R). [pediatricweb.com]

Macrosomia. Macrosomia refers to a baby that is considerably larger than normal. All of the nutrients the fetus receives come directly from the mother's blood. [chop.edu]

Later in the pregnancy, glucose control is important to prevent macrosomia, hypoglycemia (after birth), and ventricular septal hypertrophy of the baby's heart. [pediatricweb.com]

Mononen-Karnes-Senac Syndrome

[…] developmental delay dysmorphism Macrosomia microphthalmia cleft palate Macrothrombocytopenia progressive deafness Macrothrombocytopenia with leukocyte inclusions Macular [mindmappedia.com]

Genee-Wiedemann Syndrome

Hypoglycaemia Embryonal tumours Macrosomia Macrosomia Macroglossia Organomegaly Macrosomia Hemihypertrophy Macroglossia Macrosomia Minor features Ear creases/pits Nil Hypoglycaemia [clinicalepigeneticsjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Clinical findings associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann include: large body size (macrosomia), large tongue (macroglossia), enlargement of internal organs, embryonal tumors [hihg.med.miami.edu]

John Bruce Beckwith in 1969 Essential features Macrosomia Macroglossia Visceromegaly Embryonal neoplasms; mainly Wilms tumor and hepatoblastoma Omphalocele / exomphalos Adrenocortical [pathologyoutlines.com]

Diabetic Embryopathy

[…] due to constitutional and gestational factors Fetal macrosomia early gestational complications fetal macrosomia late gestation complications fetal macrosomia delivery complications [quizlet.com]

Clinical description Macrosomia is also a common problem among infants of women with established insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. [orpha.net]

[…] heart, thymus, and parathyroid glands NTD's: thought to be due to maternal diabetic factors causing improper embryonic folding; most commonly spina bifida and anencephaly Macrosomia [en.wikibooks.org]

Costello Syndrome

Costello syndrome is caused by mutations in the HRAS proto-oncogene whose clinical features in the first year of life include fetal and neonatal macrosomia with subsequent [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Costello syndrome (CS) is considered an overgrowth disorder given the macrosomia that is present at birth .However, shortly after birth the weight drops dramatically and the [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Diagnostic features useful for recognition of CS in the first year of life are the following: (1) fetal and neonatal macrosomia with subsequent slow growth due to severe feeding [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Uterine Subinvolution

Other risk factors are thought to include macrosomia (a very large baby), polyhydramnios (too much amniotic fluid), or delivering multiples like twins or triplets. [baby-pedia.com]

Cutis Marmorata Telangiectatica Congenita

Macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (M-CMTC) is a craniofacial defect secondary to macrosomia; a case is presented in order to increase knowledge of the [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We describe a child with macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (M-CMTC), cherry red macules, megalencephaly with hemifacial and segmental overgrowth, macrosomia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Macrocephaly-cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (M-CMTC) is a newly described condition characterized by macrocephaly (megalencephaly), cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita, macrosomia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Congenital Macroglossia

age. [jemds.com]

Definition / general Congenital disorder of overgrowth associated with congenital macroglossia, macrosomia, midline abdominal wall defects, hypoglycemia and an increased risk [pathologyoutlines.com]

Facial Nerve Paralysis of the Newborn

Other factors associated with the condition include macrosomia (a largely sized infant), certain birth positions and the presence of uterine fibroids in the mother. [shebell.com]

These include the following (1, 2, 3): Macrosomia (a large baby; this is often due to gestational diabetes) Cephalopelvic disproportion (when the baby’s head cannot fit safely [abclawcenters.com]

[…] factors may be attributed to the injury : A long pregnancy or labor Use of epidural anesthesia Use of Pitocin, which causes labor and stronger contractions A large baby (fetal macrosomia [safebirthproject.com]

Acrootoocular Syndrome

Macrosomia, and Ocular anomalies that were present in the individuals first reported. [diseaseinfosearch.org]

Here, we describe a 26-year-old male patient with unilateral hemifacial microsomia, preauricular ear tags, macrosomia on the right side of the face. [jomfp.in]

– SC phocomelia syndrome: caused by ESCO2 mutations – MOMO syndrome: MOMO stays for macrosomia, obesity, macrocephaly, ocular abnormalities. [bredagenetics.com]