Melena: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Melena

The prevalence of an upper GI source for patients with melena or hematochezia without hematemesis was 32% to 74%. [doi.org]

Five months after the surgery, she was re-admitted because of melena and anemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

(black, tarry stool ) Hematemesis Hematochezia : indicates brisk bleeding ; may cause severe blood loss with hemodynamic instability Hematochezia Melena Colonic bleeding [amboss.com]

Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

The clinical presentation features primarily hematemesis, melena, and epigastric pain. [symptoma.com]

Reported cases of gastrointestinal hemorrhage have been in the form of coffee ground emesis, melena, or hematochezia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patients typically report signs such as melena, hematochezia, hematemesis, epigastric or generalized abdominal pain, presyncope, and heartburn. [symptoma.com]

Duodenal Ulcer

The lesion was successfully cauterized with a bipolar gold probe, achieving hemostatic control. 75 year-old man with hematemesis and melena. [endoatlas.com]

A 48-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital due to melena. An upper endoscopy revealed a small ulcer with oozing adjacent minor papilla. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Melena is black, tarry stool and typically indicates upper GI bleeding. [gastrointestinalatlas.com]

Gastric Ulcer

She presented with epigastric pain and melena after surgery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The patient in this case presented with shoulder pain and melena, caused by a gastropericardial fistula that had occurred as a late complication of postoperative esophagogastrostomy [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We report the case of a 67 year old male who presented with a nine year history of a gastric ulcer with symptoms of hematemesis and melena. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute Gastritis

Results: One child had fever, 5 children abdominal pain, 6 children hematemesis, 3 melenas and 3 black feces. [actapediatrica.com]

Signs of mild to massive upper GI bleeding, including melena or 'coffee ground' hematemesis, may also arise. [pathwaymedicine.org]

Pacientes y métodos: Seis niños de 4-8 años de edad, 4 varones, con hematemesis y/o melenas, fueron diagnosticados de gastritis hemorrágica aguda en un periodo de 6 semanas [actapediatrica.com]

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

Patients with Mallory-Weiss tears present with hematemesis and/or melena, and often with either epigastric or back pain. [visualdx.com]

A 68 year-old female, one week previously presented a history of severe vomiting, which later had melena. [gastrointestinalatlas.com]

Mallory-Weiss syndrome often presents as an episode of vomiting up blood (hematemesis) after violent retching or vomiting, but may also be noticed as old blood in the stool (melena [bionity.com]

Cushing Ulcer

[…] vomiting; ingestion of food does not help, sometimes increases pain Vomiting common Hemorrhage more likely to occur than with duodenal ulcer; hematemesis more common than melena [nsgmed.com]

Upon further questioning, the family reported 3 months of occasional coffee-ground emesis and melena prior to admission. [tp.amegroups.com]

Anamnesis revealed, among other symptoms, weakness, easy fatigue, and melena in the previous few days. [karger.com]

Colonic Angiodysplasia

Black, tarry stools ( melena ) and occasional episodes of bright red blood rectal bleeding ( hematochezia ) may be the only obvious signs of angiodysplasia. [healthhype.com]

Overt bleeding consisted of hematemesis in 3 cases, melena in 34 cases and hematochezia in 18 cases.The sites involved in angiodysplastic lesions were: gastric in 18 cases [latunisiemedicale.com]

Both the patients had no history of gastrointestinal bleeding such as melena or hematochezia. [saudijgastro.com]

Small Intestinal Angiodysplasia

Case 4 A 40-year-old female, who had been on chronic hemodialysis for six years for undetermined nephropathy, developed GI hemorrhage with melena. [sjkdt.org]

Black, tarry stools ( melena ) and occasional episodes of bright red blood rectal bleeding ( hematochezia ) may be the only obvious signs of angiodysplasia. [healthhype.com]

Overt bleeding consisted of hematemesis in 3 cases, melena in 34 cases and hematochezia in 18 cases.The sites involved in angiodysplastic lesions were: gastric in 18 cases [latunisiemedicale.com]

Erosive Gastritis

His melena disappeared, and the gastric erosions were markedly decreased. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Often, the first sign is hematemesis, melena, or blood in the nasogastric aspirate, usually within 2 to 5 days of the inciting event. [merckmanuals.com]

A 22-year-old man presented with epigastralgia and melena. Blood levels of pancreatitis markers were elevated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Esophageal Varices

A young woman with a benign superior vena cava stenosis due to a tunneled internal jugular vein dialysis catheter presented with hematemesis and melena. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Patients with acute bleeding[✎ edit | edit source] hematemesis (then melena); hypotension; other signs of hemorrhagic shock[1]. [wikilectures.eu]

[…] hematemsis-bloody vomitus, either bright red (indicate fresh blood) or "coffee ground" (indicate older blood that has been in the stomach long enough for gastric juices to act on it) melena [quizlet.com]

Neoplasm of Ampulla of Vater

The 56-year-old male patient concerned visited our emergency room with melena that started one week prior to hospitalization. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The silver colored stool is a combination of the white stool of obstructive jaundice combined with black stool of melena or bleeding. [en.wikipedia.org]

The presenting manifastations include weakness, weight loss, nausea, melena and anaemia. [jpgmonline.com]

Leiomyoma of the Small Intestine

Abstract A 41-year-old woman visited a local doctor with the chief complaint of massive melena. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

In the case of leiomyoma of the jejunum with massive enterorrhagia and melena reported below, the preoperative diagnosis was bleeding duodenal ulcer.Leiomyoma of the small [nejm.org]

Their clinical manifestations can include abdominal pain, diarrhea, melena, a palpable abdominal mass and weight loss. [academic.oup.com]

Aortoduodenal Fistula

Three years after operation, melena was caused by perforation of the duodenal wall by a pseudoaneurysm at the proximal graft anastomosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Symptoms of ADF consist of flank or abdominal pain, hematemesis, melena, and an abdominal mass. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bleeding manifests as melena (81%) and, rarely, hematochezia (6%), or hematemesis (0%). [acgcasereports.gi.org]

Gastric Varices

Coronal CT of a 58-year-old male with alcoholic cirrhosis who presented with melena. [massgeneral.org]

Two patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension related to hepatitis infection were admitted to Shanghai Ruijin Hospital due to recurrent melena and hematemesis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 75-year-old male presented with hematemesis and melena. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed isolated gastric varices. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bleeding Peptic Ulcer

and 29/281 (10.3%) with melena alone, p < 0.01, OR = 20. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A randomized prospective study was performed on 129 bleeding peptic ulcer patients with hematemesis or melena. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Critical features Hematemesis Melena Key management points Resuscitation Laboratory Examination Acid Suppression Endoscopy 2. Emergency Management 1. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Peptic Ulcer

/ hematochezia (20%) hematemesis (30%) both melena and hematemesis (50%) perforation affects up to 6% of ulcer patients 1 generalized acute abdominal pain, peritonism and [radiopaedia.org]

/hematochezia (20%) hematemesis (30%) both melena and hematemesis (50%) perforation affects up to 6% of ulcer patients 1 generalized acute abdominal pain, peritonism and shock [radiopaedia.org]

RESULTS: Of all patients admitted for endoscopy, 147/649 (23%) had PUD with the main symptom of melena. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Meckel Diverticulum

It can cause melena, right lower quadrant pain, intussusception, volvulus, or obstruction near the terminal ileum. [osmosis.org]

He denied nausea, vomiting, hematochezia, melena or urinary tract symptoms; he had however experienced several recent episodes of brown diarrhea. [intjem.springeropen.com]

Adults may also bleed, typically resulting in melena rather than frank blood. [merckmanuals.com]

Esophageal Ulcer

This type of stool condition is called melena. Should your esophageal bleeding be rapid then the blood discharge in the stools will be a bright red color. [streetdirectory.com]

A 26 year-old male kidney transplant recipient was referred with a complaint of melena. [synapse.koreamed.org]

Gastric Leiomyoma

Larger tumors are more prone to have associated ulcerations and thus cause bleeding, which can manifest clinically as hematemesis, melena, and iron-deficiency anemia. [radiopaedia.org]

A 67-years-old patient was admitted to our attention due to two episodes of hematemesis and melena occurred in the previous two days. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] manifestations of leiomyoma often with the tumor site, size, growth pattern, the type of complications related to bleeding as the most common symptoms, can cause hematemesis or melena [healthfrom.com]

Portal Hypertension

Patients present with sudden hematemesis and melena, as well as hypovolemic shock in some cases. [amboss.com]

Dizziness, nausea, vomiting with red blood, melena was presented on admission. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The clinical presentation is quite variable, with melena and hematemesis being initial symptoms in 30%-70% of the cases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Corrosive Gastritis

Often, the first sign is hematemesis, melena, or blood in the nasogastric aspirate, usually within 2 to 5 days of the inciting event. [msdmanuals.com]

IDA in man is GI and women in menstrual usually -From large vessel: Hematemesis, melena, shock. [quizlet.com]

An 11-year-old-Hispanic boy with relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia presented with hematemesis and melena 1 week after admission for sepsis and rhabdomyolysis. [journals.lww.com]

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

We report a case of 69 years old men that was admitted with melena. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 95-year-old Japanese woman presented to our hospital with intermittent vomiting and several episodes of melena. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Depending on the location of the neoplasms, patients may show hematemesis, melena or hematochezia: Hematemesis implies a gastric disorder; melena occurs in case of GIST affecting [symptoma.com]

Cecal Adenocarcinoma

A 56-year-old male was admitted in the surgical ward with history of loss of appetite, weight loss, malaise, abdominal distention, melena and abdominal pain of 1-month duration [go.gale.com]

Center: Large cecal carcinoma in a 91 year-old woman with weight loss, anemia and an episode of melena; she also had a large villous adenoma in the left colon. [endoatlas.com]

Gastrointestinal Neoplasm

She then presented with melena, was found to have a clean-based antral ulceration on EGD, and was treated conservatively. [journals.lww.com]

[…] malignancies Usually older adults, median age 60 - 65 years; 1% occur in children Male = female incidence Symptoms: abdominal pain, gastric outlet obstruction, mass effect, melena [pathologyoutlines.com]

Massive hematemesis or melena is uncommon, but secondary anemia may follow occult blood loss. [msdmanuals.com]

Acquired Hemophilia A

Additional symptoms may include epistaxis, gastrointestinal and/or urogenital bleeding, spontaneous bruising, melena, and hematuria. [orpha.net]

The hallmark of this condition is mucocutaneous bleeding leading to ecchymosis, melena, hematoma or hematuria. [cureus.com]

He developed hematemesis and melena 2 d following the removal of the drainage tube. [wjgnet.com]

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

In this report, we presented a Chinese patient with recurrent melena due to gastric angiodysplasia in HHT treated successfully with thalidomide. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We report here the case of a 63 year-old male patient who presented melena and GI bleeding episodes, proven to be caused by bleeding from multiple gastric angiodysplasia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Two patients were treated systemically with thalidomide, and their symptoms of epistaxis, melena, and anemia were notably improved.Patients with HHT have variable clinical [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Mesenteric Artery Thrombosis

There was no history of vomiting, loose stool, hematemesis, melena, fever, trauma, and oliguria. [heartindia.net]

He also denied any recent melena, hematochezia, and recent NSAID use. [pubs.sciepub.com]

On the 8th hospital day, the patient complained of abdominal pain and diarrhea, and the next day hematemesis and melena occurred. [e-jnc.org]

Alcoholic Gastritis

Often, the first sign is hematemesis, melena, or blood in the nasogastric aspirate, usually within 2 to 5 days of the inciting event. [merckmanuals.com]

It can occasionally be severe enough to cause gastrointestinal bleeding with melena or hematemesis (see above). [gastrointestinalatlas.com]

This includes : black tarry stools (melena) blood in the vomit (hematemesis) Erosive Gastritis Diagnosis Although the signs and symptoms and the patient’s medical history [healthhype.com]

Malignant Neoplasm of the Stomach

The common presenting symptoms include dyspepsia (particularly if new onset or not responsive to simple PPI treatment), dysphagia, early satiety, vomiting, or melena Non-specific [teachmesurgery.com]

Massive hematemesis or melena is uncommon, but secondary anemia may follow occult blood loss. [msdmanuals.com]

[…] deficiency anemia; (paleness, fatigue, headaches) Gastrointestinal signs Abdominal pain Early satiety Nausea or vomiting Dysphagia Acute gastric bleeding (hematemesis or melena [amboss.com]