Microstomia: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for microstomia

Systemic Scleroderma

These findings suggest that regular application of the proposed exercise program may be useful in the management of microstomia in SSD patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In cases of microstomia due to scleroderma, increased levels of orbicularis oris muscle tension is observed 1,7. [prime-journal.com]

Abstract Scleroderma is a disorder involving oral and facial tissues, with skin hardening, thin lips, deep wrinkles, xerostomia, tongue rigidity, and microstomia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome

The main clinical features of this syndrome include generalized myotonic myopathy, skeletal dysplasia, blepharophimosis, microstomia, contracture of joints and short stature [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] is an autosomal recessive trait characterized by mask-like face, narrow palpebral fissures (due to blepharophimosis, blepharospasm, and abnormal orbital configuration), microstomia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The combination of skeletal and muscular abnormalities may result in oro-dental manifestations such as atypical facies, with micrognathia, microstomia, pursed lips, crossbite [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Trisomy 18

Note microphthalmia, micrognathia/retrognathia, microstomia, low set/malformed ears, short sternum, and abnormal clenched fingers. [web.archive.org]

Note the microphthalmia, micrognathia/retrognathia, microstomia, low-set/malformed ears, short sternum, and abnormally clenched fingers in an infant with trisomy 18 (Edwards [emedicine.com]

The disorder is characterized by severe psychomotor and growth retardation, microcephaly, microphthalmia, malformed ears, micrognathia or retrognathia, microstomia, distinctively [web.archive.org]

Trisomy 21

Down syndrome (DS)-associated transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) or acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) in monozygotic twins is exceedingly rare and has not been well characterized. We describe a unique case of monozygotic twins with simultaneous TAM from a triplet pregnancy at 34 weeks' gestation.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

DiGeorge Syndrome

The second case involved heart disease, microstomia, round and rotated ears and branchial cyst. Total T-lymphocytes were 38% and total T4-lymphocytes 27%. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Velocardiofacial Syndrome

The main manifestations of our patient were feeding difficulties, respiratory infections, short stature, peculiar face with hypertelorism, prominent nose, abnormal ears, microstomia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome

In this report, we describe a case of microstomia associated with club feet and ulnar deviation of the hands (Freeman-Sheldon syndrome) and the surgical technique for correction [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The majority of these patients have microstomia and dental crowding, making oral hygiene difficult and increasing the risk of caries. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Presence of microstomia is always associated with practical difficulties of oral hygiene maintenance and increased susceptibility to caries. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

The objective of this study was to consider the implications of a recent Western Australia Court of Appeal decision in which an indigenous youth who had been sentenced for the manslaughter of his neonate child was later diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder. The increased use of the 2016 Australian guide[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypomandibular Faciocranial Dysostosis

A severe microstomia and micrognathia were detected by ultrasound at 31 weeks of gestation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] is a cranial malformation characterized by facial dysmorphism (proptosis, frontal bossing, midface and zygomatic arches hypoplasia, short nose with anteverted nostrils, microstomia [malacards.org]

The diagnosis was made at birth on the association of severe retrognathia, microstomia, severe hypoglossia with glossoptosis, persistent buccopharyngeal membrane, median cleft [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Stomatitis

[…] mouth Actinomycosis Angioedema Basal cell carcinoma Cutaneous sinus of dental origin Cystic hygroma Gnathophyma Ludwig's angina Macrostomia Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome Microstomia [en.wikipedia.org]

Geographic Tongue

Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex Type Cockayne-Touraine

Extensive intraoral erosions are common, with scarring, microstomia and ankyloglossia. [kissesforkatie.org]

[…] disease", [4] this variant results from mutations in the gene encoding type VII collagen, COL7A1, characterized by debilitating oral lesions that produce pain, scarring, and microstomia [ipfs.io]

[…] disease", [12] this variant results from mutations in the gene encoding type VII collagen, COL7A1, characterized by debilitating oral lesions that produce pain, scarring, and microstomia [en.wikipedia.org]

Gingivitis

Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome

In the patients with Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome, presence of mandibular hypoplasia and microstomia results in difficult intubation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The nose appeared thin, sharp and hooked; the prominence of the chin was absent in the lateral view; a marked microstomia was evident as well. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Microstomia with a shortened ramus and forward displacement of the termporomandibular joints is characteristic. [disorders.eyes.arizona.edu]

Cystitis

Additional features can include a small mouth (microstomia), an underdeveloped lower jaw (micrognathia), full lips, and a narrow nose with a high nasal bridge.Abnormalities [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Exostosis

Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa

[…] recessive form of EB presents the greatest oral alterations including repeated blistering and scar formation leading to limited oral opening, ankyloglossia, tongue denudation, microstomia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Conventional dentures were not possible due to severe microstomia and the fragility of the denture-bearing tissues. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Extensive intraoral erosions are common, with scarring, microstomia and ankyloglossia. [kissesforkatie.org]

Pretibial Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa

• Hair gowth on scalp and body impared• Scarring digits undergo progressive contractures• Scarring Alopecia• Pseudosyndactyly• Oral lesions – Ankyloglossia, microstomia. [slideshare.net]

Epulis

Scoliosis

[…] anomalies related to a defect in cleavage in the embryonic brain (e.g. synophthalmia, malformed and low-set ears fused in midline (otocephaly), agenesis of the olfactory bulbs, microstomia [orpha.net]

Vaginospasm

DiagnosisOrProblem MICROSTOMIAS DiagnosisOrProblem MICROSTRABISMUS DiagnosisOrProblem MICROSURGERY TreatmentOrProcedure MICROTIA DiagnosisOrProblem MICROTITER Device MICROTROPIA [phillipodam.wordpress.com]

MICROSCOPE Device MICROSCOPY Test MICROSLIDE Test MICROSOMIA DiagnosisOrProblem MICROSPORIDIOSIS DiagnosisOrProblem MICROSPOROSIS DiagnosisOrProblem MICROSPORUM Organism MICROSTOMIA [phillipodam.wordpress.com]

Congenital Mandibular Hypoplasia

For microstomia (smaller mouth opening), an operation to widen the oral commissure is performed. [westvillageplasticsurgery.com]

Hemifacial microstomia diagnosis and management. In: Bell WH, editor. Modern Practice in Orthognathic and Reconstructive Surgery. [jiaomr.in]

Cleft palate with cleft lip Q67.0 - Q67.4 Congenital deformities of skull, face and jaw Q75.0 - Q75.9 Congenital malformation of skull and face bones [includes hemifacial microstomia [aetna.com]

Bruxism

Sclerodactyly

Keywords: Microstomia, progressive systemic sclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly Introduction What was known? [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Interlabial distance (mouth opening) can also be measured Microstomia is defined as an inter-labial distance of less than 4.5 cm. [dermnetnz.org]

Face revealed pinched nose, microstomia (on maximal opening of mouth, the interincisal distance was reduced to 35 mm) and loss of facial expression [ Figure 1 ]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder

Herpes Labialis