Microstomia: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Microstomia

Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome

The main clinical features of this syndrome include generalized myotonic myopathy, skeletal dysplasia, blepharophimosis, microstomia, contracture of joints and short stature [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] is an autosomal recessive trait characterized by mask-like face, narrow palpebral fissures (due to blepharophimosis, blepharospasm, and abnormal orbital configuration), microstomia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The combination of skeletal and muscular abnormalities may result in oro-dental manifestations such as atypical facies, with micrognathia, microstomia, pursed lips, crossbite [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Systemic Scleroderma

These findings suggest that regular application of the proposed exercise program may be useful in the management of microstomia in SSD patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In cases of microstomia due to scleroderma, increased levels of orbicularis oris muscle tension is observed 1,7. [prime-journal.com]

Abstract Scleroderma is a disorder involving oral and facial tissues, with skin hardening, thin lips, deep wrinkles, xerostomia, tongue rigidity, and microstomia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Trisomy 18

Note microphthalmia, micrognathia/retrognathia, microstomia, low set/malformed ears, short sternum, and abnormal clenched fingers. [web.archive.org]

It is characterized growth retardation, microcephaly, microphthalmia, ocular hypertelorism, ptosis, microstomia, distinctively clenched fingers and other congenital malformations [symptoma.com]

Note the microphthalmia, micrognathia/retrognathia, microstomia, low-set/malformed ears, short sternum, and abnormally clenched fingers in an infant with trisomy 18 (Edwards [emedicine.medscape.com]

Velocardiofacial Syndrome

The main manifestations of our patient were feeding difficulties, respiratory infections, short stature, peculiar face with hypertelorism, prominent nose, abnormal ears, microstomia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

DiGeorge Syndrome

The second case involved heart disease, microstomia, round and rotated ears and branchial cyst. Total T-lymphocytes were 38% and total T4-lymphocytes 27%. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Trisomy 21

Gene. 2018 Jan 30;641:180-185. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.10.044. Epub 2017 Oct 18. Author information 1 Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow 226014, India. 2 Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome

The majority of these patients have microstomia and dental crowding, making oral hygiene difficult and increasing the risk of caries. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Presence of microstomia is always associated with practical difficulties of oral hygiene maintenance and increased susceptibility to caries. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

There are three basic abnormalities like microstomia with pouting lips, camptodactyly with ulnar deviation of the fingers and talipes equinovarus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypomandibular Faciocranial Dysostosis

A severe microstomia and micrognathia were detected by ultrasound at 31 weeks of gestation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] is a cranial malformation characterized by facial dysmorphism (proptosis, frontal bossing, midface and zygomatic arches hypoplasia, short nose with anteverted nostrils, microstomia [malacards.org]

The diagnosis was made at birth on the association of severe retrognathia, microstomia, severe hypoglossia with glossoptosis, persistent buccopharyngeal membrane, median cleft [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a group of defects that occur in a fetus due to high levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The main organ affected in fetal alcohol syndrome is the developing brain which can result in permanent sequalae in the form of mental, psychological and behavioral disturbances. There are[…] [symptoma.com]

Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex Type Cockayne-Touraine

Extensive intraoral erosions are common, with scarring, microstomia and ankyloglossia. [kissesforkatie.org]

[…] disease", [4] this variant results from mutations in the gene encoding type VII collagen, COL7A1, characterized by debilitating oral lesions that produce pain, scarring, and microstomia [ipfs.io]

[…] disease", [12] this variant results from mutations in the gene encoding type VII collagen, COL7A1, characterized by debilitating oral lesions that produce pain, scarring, and microstomia [en.wikipedia.org]

Pretibial Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa

• Hair gowth on scalp and body impared• Scarring digits undergo progressive contractures• Scarring Alopecia• Pseudosyndactyly• Oral lesions – Ankyloglossia, microstomia. [slideshare.net]

Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome

In the patients with Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome, presence of mandibular hypoplasia and microstomia results in difficult intubation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The nose appeared thin, sharp and hooked; the prominence of the chin was absent in the lateral view; a marked microstomia was evident as well. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

From the features of mandibular hypoplasia and microstomia, difficulty in intubation was anticipated. [jpgmonline.com]

Lichen Myxoedematosus

Scalp and mucosae are not affected. 1, 4 They may coalesce, resulting in widespread induration of the skin and eventually leading to leonine facies and microstomia. 1, 2 In [scielo.br]

Scalp and mucosae are not affected.1,4 They may coalesce, resulting in widespread induration of the skin and eventually leading to leonine facies and microstomia.1,2 In some [docksci.com]

There was exaggera-tion of the facial ridges, her skin had became lichenifiedand thickened (Fig. 3), she had microstomia andlimited finger flexion and extension. [documents.tips]

Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa

[…] recessive form of EB presents the greatest oral alterations including repeated blistering and scar formation leading to limited oral opening, ankyloglossia, tongue denudation, microstomia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Conventional dentures were not possible due to severe microstomia and the fragility of the denture-bearing tissues. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Extensive intraoral erosions are common, with scarring, microstomia and ankyloglossia. [kissesforkatie.org]

Congenital Mandibular Hypoplasia

For microstomia (smaller mouth opening), an operation to widen the oral commissure is performed. [westvillageplasticsurgery.com]

Hemifacial microstomia diagnosis and management. In: Bell WH, editor. Modern Practice in Orthognathic and Reconstructive Surgery. [jiaomr.in]

Cleft palate with cleft lip Q67.0 - Q67.4 Congenital deformities of skull, face and jaw Q75.0 - Q75.9 Congenital malformation of skull and face bones [includes hemifacial microstomia [aetna.com]

Sclerodactyly

Keywords: Microstomia, progressive systemic sclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly Introduction What was known? [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Interlabial distance (mouth opening) can also be measured Microstomia is defined as an inter-labial distance of less than 4.5 cm. [dermnetnz.org]

Face revealed pinched nose, microstomia (on maximal opening of mouth, the interincisal distance was reduced to 35 mm) and loss of facial expression [ Figure 1 ]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Commissural Lip Fistula

None of patients presented microstomia. Detailed QOL results are presented in Table 3. DEFECT SIZE LIP SUSPENSION 30 – 60 (5 patients) >60 (5 patients) PALM. LONG. [omicsonline.org]

[…] mouth Actinomycosis Angioedema Basal cell carcinoma Cutaneous sinus of dental origin Cystic hygroma Gnathophyma Ludwig's angina Macrostomia Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome Microstomia [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] been used and are recommended to reconstruct the resulting defect, depending on its size [ 2, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 ], these local flaps are limited by significant microstomia [oapublishinglondon.com]

Geographic Tongue

Transient Bullous Dermolysis of the Newborn

Extensive intraoral erosions are common, with scarring, microstomia and ankyloglossia. [kissesforkatie.org]

Patients with inverse RDEB usually have severe intraoral blistering and scarring that result in microstomia and ankyloglossia. [nature.com]

The ingestion of food may be limited due to microstomia (inability to fully open mouth due to scarring and contractures of the perioral region), painful swallowing, difficulty [blog.ebinfoworld.com]

Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch Syndrome

Hallerman-Streiff Syndrome : Characterized by the presence of microcephaly and brachycephaly, frontal bossing, hypoplastic mandible, a “beak-shaped” nose and microstomia. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

[…] with congenital glaucoma, other dermatological manifestations like dermatitis/acrodermatitis enteropathica reported in some patients [14] were not reported in our patient Microstomia [ijp.mums.ac.ir]

In affected infants and children, distinctive facial abnormalities may include an unusually small mouth (microstomia); a prominent chin, and low-set ears that are abnormally [rarediseases.org]

Fissured Tongue

Distal Arthrogryposis Type 2B3

Microstomia is a result of diffuse fibrosis within the orbicularis oris muscle. [journals.lww.com]

Evaluate the airway for difficult tracheal intubation (microstomia). Use of fiberoptic laryngoscope may be required. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

It is characterised by facial and distal limb contractures, the most common being microstomia with pouting lips, camptodactyly with ulnar deviation of the fingers and talipes [hindawi.com]

Bowing of The Long Bones

The prenatal detection in the second trimester of pregnancy of a fetus with craniosynostosis, wide metopic suture, and wormian bone associated with bowing of the long bones, unilateral short femur, and focal fibula deficiency is reported. These ultrasonographic findings when not supported by a diagnostic molecular[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Sheldon-Hall Syndrome

It is characterised by facial and distal limb contractures, the most common being microstomia with pouting lips, camptodactyly with ulnar deviation of the fingers and talipes [hindawi.com]

Freeman-Sheldon syndrome: surgical correction of microstomia. Br J Plast Surg. 1994;47:201-2. Bamshad M, Watkins WS, Zenger RK, et al. [rarediseases.org]

"Freeman-Sheldon syndrome: surgical correction of microstomia". Br J Plast Surg. 47 (3): 201–2. doi:10.1016/0007-1226(94)90056-6. [en.wikipedia.org]

Auriculocondylar Syndrome 3

Other frequently described features include prominent cheeks, cupped and posteriorly rotated ears, preauricular tags, and microstomia. [malacards.org]

Additional findings may include prominent cheeks, microstomia, and glossoptosis. read more [ctgt.net]

[…] craniofacial disorder involving first and second pharyngeal arch derivatives and includes the key features of micrognathia, temporomandibular joint and condyle anomalies, microstomia [malacards.org]

Generalized Dominant Dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa

Keywords: Vesiculobullous lesions, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, oligodontia, microstomia, ankyloglossia How to cite this article: Sharma S, Bedi S. [idoj.in]

Extracutaneous 4 manifestations include: dystrophy or absence of nails, sparse head hair or alopecia, excessive dental caries, microstomia, mouth ulcers, lingual tip fixation [revistanefrologia.com]

Teeth are normal in this form. [2] In the present case, repeated blistering and ulceration which healed with scarring, lead to microstomia. [contempclindent.org]

Meier-Gorlin Syndrome

In addition, characteristic features of the head and face may be present including a small mouth (microstomia), with full lips, small circumference of the head (microcephaly [hekim.org]

Additional clinical findings include anomalies of cranial sutures, microcephaly, apparently low-set and simple ears, microstomia, full lips, highly arched or cleft palate, [uniprot.org]

Fox-Fordyce Disease

Krauss Herman Holmes Syndrome

Both patients had marked micrognathia, high-arched palate, and small mouth opening (microstomia). [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

Synonym Carpal Deformity Micrognathia Microstomia Syndrome. Incidence Two cases have been reported from the same family, ie, a mother and her son. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

At a glance It is a malformative syndrome characterized by skeletal abnormalities, especially hypoplasia of carpal bones and facial features including microstomia, and micrognathia [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

Basaran-Yilmaz Syndrome