Multifocal Independent Spikes: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Multifocal Independent Spikes

Myoclonic-Astatic Epilepsy

In a clinical setting, the occurrence of periodic clusters and independent focal or multifocal accentuations of generalized spike-and-wave complexes in interictal EEG may [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 3

polyspike-waves and independent focal or multifocal spikes) with randomly asynchronous attenuation. [neurologyindia.com]

SB pattern may never be observed in a subgroup of EME cases resulting from NKHG. [4] However, EEG in them shows multiple paroxysmal abnormalities (generalized irregular spike-waves [neurologyindia.com]

West Syndrome

Other patterns, such as multifocal independent spike discharges (MISD), are present in the remainder. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

The interictal EEG record was suggestive of multifocal spike-and-wave discharges in both hemispheres, particularly in the left frontocentral, right parieto-temporo-occipital [pediatricneurosciences.com]

We did not include patients with interictal electrographic activity characterized by multifocal spikes, focal delta activity different to delta with maximum in the frontal [omicsonline.org]

[…] region, and left parieto-occipital region, with intermittent independent generalized polyspike wave discharge and intermittent <3-Hz generalized spike-and-wave discharges [pediatricneurosciences.com]

Epilepsy

PURPOSE: Exogenous estrogens might lead to seizure worsening in women with epilepsy (WWE) by lowering the seizure threshold and inducing glucuronidation in women taking lamotrigine. Assisted reproduction techniques are increasingly used and often require estrogenic and estrogen raising hormone therapy. We aimed at[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Benign Adult Familial Myoclonic Epilepsy

Neurogenetics. 2008 May;9(2):139-42. doi: 10.1007/s10048-008-0118-4. Epub 2008 Jan 30. Abstract Benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy (BAFME or FAME) is an autosomal dominant condition, characterized by shivering-like tremors of cortical origin, myoclonus, and epilepsy. Linkage to chromosomes 2p11.1-q12.2 and[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is a common form of epilepsy mainly characterized by myoclonic jerks, but affected individuals may also experience generalized tonic-clonic seizures and absence seizures. Symptom onset typically occurs around puberty and although the disease persists into adulthood, patients do respond[…] [symptoma.com]

Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

OBJECTIVES: Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) arises from paroxysmal dysfunctions of the thalamo-cortical network. One of the hallmarks of IGE is the absence of visible abnormalities on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, recent quantitative MRI studies showed cortical-subcortical structural[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Organic Brain Syndrome

An organic brain syndrome ( OBS ), also known as an organic brain disease/disorder ( OBD ), an organic mental syndrome ( OMS ), or an organic mental disorder ( OMD ), is a syndrome or disorder of mental function whose cause is alleged to be known as organic ( physiologic ) rather than purely of the mind. These[…] [en.wikipedia.org]

Encephalopathy

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is an encephalopathy that can be clinically characterized by headache, altered mental status and/or seizures. Neuroimaging demonstrates usually reversible bilateral subcortical vasogenic occipital-parietal edema. Exact pathophysiology remains unclear but is commonly[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Uremic Encephalopathy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Uremic encephalopathy is a metabolic disorder in patients with renal failure. The purpose of this study was to describe the MR imaging findings of uremic encephalopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed MR imaging findings in 10 patients with clinically proved uremic[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Insulin Overdose

We report a very rare case of acute pulmonary edema caused by hypoglycemia from insulin overdose during an attempted suicide. A 16-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes was brought to our hospital because of hypoglycemic coma. She exhibited severe hypoxia; upon intubation, bloody froth poured out of the tube.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Toxic Encephalopathy

Neurotoxicity following paradichlorobenzene (PDCB) exposure is rare and can occur in patients with pica and mothball or toilet cake ingestion. We present a rare case of toxic encephalopathy due to PDCB mothball inhalation and ingestion and describe the rapidly progressive leukoencephalopathy seen on computed[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

Homepage Rare diseases Search Search for a rare disease Neonatal hypoxic and ischemic brain injury ORPHA:137577 Synonym(s): HIE Hypoxic and ischemic brain injury in the newborn Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Perinatal asphyxia Perinatal hypoxia Prevalence: 1-9 / 100 000 Inheritance: Not applicable Age of onset:[…] [orpha.net]

Juvenile Absence Epilepsy

What is juvenile absence epilepsy like? Seizures in juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE) can be of two main types. Absence seizures are seen in all cases. In an absence seizure, the young person will stare and is either unresponsive or has impaired responsiveness. Their eyes may roll up briefly or the eyelids may flutter.[…] [epilepsy.com]

Familial Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy

Six siblings, including 4 cases of myoclonic epilepsy, their parents and 2 grandmothers were subjected to systematic investigation, and the patients were followed-up. The genetic studies revealed in the mother's family a patient with Lafora bodies demonstrated at autopsy. No chromosome abnormalities were found nor[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

TBC1D24-Related Disorders

In the initial stages of the disease, interictal record revealed regional or multiregional epileptiform discharges with formation of multifocal independent spike foci (MISF [intechopen.com]

Microcephaly with Spastic Quadriplegia

Multifocal independent spikes and polyspikes were eventually noted after the onset of epilepsy. [jmg.bmj.com]

spike Multiple independent spike foci MRI Brain Microcephaly, smooth thin cerebral cortex, simplified gyral pattern, global brain atrophy, delayed myelination, hypoplastic [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]

[…] discharge • Disorganized background In hyperekplexia cases • Hypsarrhythmia • Suppression burst Abnormal background activity bilaterally, low amplitude and frequent interictal multifocal [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]

Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency

An electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed multifocal independent spike-and-sharp-wave discharges. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Porencephaly

The epileptic paroxysms showed multifocal independent spikes, which were not always localized in the defect or cleft sites at the last examination. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cerebellar Hypoplasia and Atrophy

Multifocal independent spikes and polyspikes were eventually noted after the onset of epilepsy. [jmg.bmj.com]

Miller-Dieker Syndrome

Electroencephalography indicated frequent multifocal independent spikes, sharp waves, and early features of evolving hypsarrhythmia. [ssajm.org]

Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 1B

Multifocal independent spikes and polyspikes were eventually noted after the onset of epilepsy. [jmg.bmj.com]

Infantile Symmetrical Thalamic Degeneration

Interictal EEGs show high-voltage slow waves and bilateral independent multifocal spike waves. [neupsykey.com]

Interictal EEGs in ZWS show bilateral independent multifocal spike waves, predominantly in the frontal motor cortex ( 59 ). [neupsykey.com]

Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures

(A) Slow spike-and-waves and (B) multifocal independent spike discharges in two patients with GMS and mixed tonic, tonic–clonic, and myoclonic seizures. (From Tatum WO. [neupsykey.com]

Profound Intellectual Disability

Multifocal independent spikes and polyspikes were eventually noted after the onset of epilepsy. [jmg.bmj.com]

Lethal Neonatal Spasticity - Epileptic Encephalopathy

Interictal EEGs of the patients with Zellweger syndrome showed infrequent bilateral independent multifocal spikes, predominantly in the frontal motor cortex and its surrounding [thoracickey.com]

On day 3, the interictal EEG showed multifocal spikes. [ng.neurology.org]

During continuous video-EEG monitoring on day 8, multiple independent left and right frontal seizures were recorded. [ng.neurology.org]

Craniosytosis Mental Retardation Syndrome of Lin and Gettig

independent spike and waves Mild ventricular dilation, myelination delay Died after a refractory status epilepticus (age at death is not described). 7 Krepischi et al[ 14 [thieme-connect.com]

] 8 wk Atonic seizures, hypomotor seizures with apnea, clonic seizures followed by versive movement and apnea, and spasm-like seizures followed by apnea Dravet syndrome Multifocal [thieme-connect.com]

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 3

Patient 7 had focal bifrontal-central spike and slow wave discharges (Fig. 4B), independent left then right frontal central spike and slow wave discharges, and multifocal [academic.oup.com]

Patient 4 had independent occipital, parietal, and temporal spike and wave complexes as well as focal vertex spikes during photic stimulation. [academic.oup.com]

[…] slow spike and wave complexes. [academic.oup.com]

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 7

Patient 7 had focal bifrontal-central spike and slow wave discharges (Fig. 4B), independent left then right frontal central spike and slow wave discharges, and multifocal [academic.oup.com]

Patient 4 had independent occipital, parietal, and temporal spike and wave complexes as well as focal vertex spikes during photic stimulation. [academic.oup.com]

[…] slow spike and wave complexes. [academic.oup.com]