Multifocal Spikes: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Multifocal Spikes

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 3

The EEG pattern often shows a suppression-burst pattern with high-voltage bursts of slow waves mixed with multifocal spikes alternating with isoelectric suppression phases [diseaseinfosearch.org]

West Syndrome (WS) aka as infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia, EEG abnormality with asynchronous very high amplitude, irregular, continuous multifocal spike an slow wave [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

Interictal EEGs of the patients with ZS showed infrequent bilateral multifocal spikes, predominantly in the frontal and pre-frontal motor cortex Patients with NALD had tonic [graphyonline.com]

West Syndrome

Interictal The background EEG is often highly disorganized with high voltage irregular slow waves intermixed with multifocal spikes and polyspikes, this is termed 'hypsarrhythmia [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

The interictal EEG pattern is described as hypsarrhythmic as it is characterised by asynchronous and high-amplitude slow waves and multifocal spikes. [orpha.net]

Myoclonic-Astatic Epilepsy

Interictal EEG revealed generalized irregular multiple spikes-and-waves with focal or multifocal accentuations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

LTG, lamotrigine; M, myoclonic seizure; MA, myoclonic-astatic seizure; MF, multifocal spikes; PHT, phenytoin; PSW, diffuse polyspike and wave complexes; SBA, slowing of [omicsonline.org]

[…] and waves, photosensitivity, 4-7/sec rhythms), no multifocal EEG abnormalities (but often pseudofoci). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

Interictal There may be focal or multifocal spike-and-wave or sharp-slow waves, with an anterior predominance. [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed background slowing of about 7 Hz, multifocal spike and wave, and generalized spike and wave complex-es (1.5~3.5 Hz). [jkna.org]

The interictal EEG record was suggestive of multifocal spike-and-wave discharges in both hemispheres, particularly in the left frontocentral, right parieto-temporo-occipital [pediatricneurosciences.com]

Benign Adult Familial Myoclonic Epilepsy

Note the high-amplitude, disorganized slow activity with multifocal spikes with an electrodecremental response. [euroformhealthcare.biz]

Cortical myoclonus is more commonly encountered in a multifocal form, presenting with multifocal spike discharges. [neupsykey.com]

[…] with emesis.  Interictal EEG with shifting or multifocal high- amplitude spikes, often with occipital predominance.  Favorable outcome with remission in 1–2 years and normal [slideshare.net]

Epilepsy

[…] predominance, and multifocal spike-and-slow waves. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Electroencephalography showed multifocal spikes over the right frontal, temporal and parietal regions. The seizure frequency decreased dramatically after tumorectomy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Inter-ictal multifocal spikes or sharp and slow waves in nearly all EEGs. [epilepsy.com]

Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

spikes and slow waves Ictal EEG: very heterogeneous First-line treatment: ACTH, prednisone, or vigabatrin Poor; increased mortality Neurodevelopmental delay, regression of [amboss.com]

The interictal EEG showed generalized spike-and-wave alone in 8 patients, focal or multifocal spike-and-wave alone in 3 patients, both generalized and focal spike-and-wave [nature.com]

[…] sharp and slow waves Abnormal interictal EEG: slow spike-wave pattern Attempt anticonvulsive treatment, e.g., valproic acid, clobazam, lamotrigine, felbamate [13] Ketogenic [amboss.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 13

Diagnosis Hypsarrhythmia, the typical interictal EEG finding, consists of a disorganized pattern with asynchronous, very high amplitude slowing and frequent multifocal spike [intechopen.com]

Diagnosis The interictal EEG consists of multifocal epileptiform discharges and background slowing. [intechopen.com]

Ictal EEG recording may demonstrate generalized slow spike and wave, or an absence pattern, depending on the seizure type. 8.3. [intechopen.com]

Familial Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy

Cortical myoclonus is more commonly encountered in a multifocal form, presenting with multifocal spike discharges. [neupsykey.com]

multifocal abnormalities. [neupsykey.com]

Paroxysmally, rhythmic θ-activity at 4 to 5 Hz appears in the centroparietal areas, as do fast bilateral spike-waves, which may be associated later with variable focal or [neupsykey.com]

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

JME in Rhodesian Ridgebacks is characterized by a particular epilepsy phenotype of frequent...plus Disease JME in Rhodesian Ridgebacks is characterized by a particular epilepsy phenotype of frequent myoclonic jerks with a mean onset at 6 months of age. The dogs suffer from automatic and sudden twitches notably[…] [shop.labogen.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 17

Shunsuke Ohtahara [1930-2013] Ohtahara syndrome is a rare electroclinical epilepsy syndrome with onset in the neonatal period. It is also known as early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with burst suppression pattern. It is named after Shunsuke Ohtahara, the[…] [icnapedia.org]

Organic Brain Syndrome

An organic brain syndrome ( OBS ), also known as an organic brain disease/disorder ( OBD ), an organic mental syndrome ( OMS ), or an organic mental disorder ( OMD ), is a syndrome or disorder of mental function whose cause is alleged to be known as organic ( physiologic ) rather than purely of the mind. These[…] [en.wikipedia.org]

Encephalopathy

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is an encephalopathy that can be clinically characterized by headache, altered mental status and/or seizures. Neuroimaging demonstrates usually reversible bilateral subcortical vasogenic occipital-parietal edema. Exact pathophysiology remains unclear but is commonly[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Uremic Encephalopathy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Uremic encephalopathy is a metabolic disorder in patients with renal failure. The purpose of this study was to describe the MR imaging findings of uremic encephalopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed MR imaging findings in 10 patients with clinically proved uremic[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Insulin Overdose

We report a very rare case of acute pulmonary edema caused by hypoglycemia from insulin overdose during an attempted suicide. A 16-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes was brought to our hospital because of hypoglycemic coma. She exhibited severe hypoxia; upon intubation, bloody froth poured out of the tube.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Toxic Encephalopathy

Neurotoxicity following paradichlorobenzene (PDCB) exposure is rare and can occur in patients with pica and mothball or toilet cake ingestion. We present a rare case of toxic encephalopathy due to PDCB mothball inhalation and ingestion and describe the rapidly progressive leukoencephalopathy seen on computed[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

Homepage Rare diseases Search Search for a rare disease Neonatal hypoxic and ischemic brain injury ORPHA:137577 Synonym(s): HIE Hypoxic and ischemic brain injury in the newborn Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Perinatal asphyxia Perinatal hypoxia Prevalence: 1-9 / 100 000 Inheritance: Not applicable Age of onset:[…] [orpha.net]

Focal Epilepsy - Speech Disorder - Mental Retardation

Multifocal Spike and Wave is defined as "spikes in 3 non-contiguous electrode positions with at least one focus in each hemisphere" (Blume 1982). [pediatrics.emory.edu]

Note the high-amplitude, disorganized slow activity with multifocal spikes with an electrodecremental response. [euroformhealthcare.biz]

During the awake and light sleep states, the EEG was abnormal in most of the patients (9/ 11) with multifocal spikes. [scielo.br]

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 8

[…] fast spikes, polyspikes and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges Slow background activity, spike‐ and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges and multifocal spikes activated by non‐REM sleep [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Slow background activity mixed with low‐voltage fast activity, along with diffuse, irregular, spike‐ and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges Slow background activity and multifocal [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

spike and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Juvenile Absence Epilepsy

Collapse all Expand all Contexte Il s'agit d'une version mise à jour de la revue Cochrane publiée en 2017. Les crises d'absence (CA) sont de brèves crises d'épilepsie qui surviennent pendant l'enfance et l'adolescence. Selon les caractéristiques cliniques et les résultats de l'électroencéphalogramme (EEG), elles sont[…] [cochranelibrary.com]

Monosomy 2pter-p24

EEG studies are mentioned only in a few cases and the detected anomalies consist in hypsarrythmia, rolandic spikes and multifocal spikes [19]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The EEG patterns reported in literature are described as multifocal or bilateral central epileptiform discharge, or as centro-temporal spikes similar to rolandic spikes [19 [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

The spectrum of EEG abnormalities varies widely and includes hypsarrhythmia, focal and multifocal spikes and asymmetry of slow wave activity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Baker-Gordon Syndrome

Although none had overt seizures, most had abnormal EEG studies that showed absent background activity, symmetric bursts, multifocal discharges, and sharp and spike wave complexes [findzebra.com]

Epileptic Encephalopathy Type Lennox-Gastaut

EEG This is abnormal in the vast majority of cases showing 2‐ to 2.5‐Hz slow spike‐wave discharges over both hemispheres with multifocal spikes and spike waves predominating [cochranelibrary.com]

Individuals were included if they had an EEG with slow spike and wave and multifocal spikes; had more than one type of generalised seizure for at least 6 months; were less [cochranelibrary.com]

Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Type 2C

In the EEG tracing multifocal sharp waves, spikes or generalized background slowing dominated [51]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Common EEG features comprise slow background activity, absent sleep stages, multifocal spikes, in three patients additionally spike and waves discharges. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

EEG showed slow background activity with multifocal spikes and spike-wave discharges. All above-mentioned girls were diagnosed with psychomotor/intellectual delay. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Type 2B

In the EEG tracing multifocal sharp waves, spikes or generalized background slowing dominated [51]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Common EEG features comprise slow background activity, absent sleep stages, multifocal spikes, in three patients additionally spike and waves discharges. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

EEG showed slow background activity with multifocal spikes and spike-wave discharges. All above-mentioned girls were diagnosed with psychomotor/intellectual delay. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Type 1R

In the EEG tracing multifocal sharp waves, spikes or generalized background slowing dominated [51]. [mdpi.com]

Common EEG features comprise slow background activity, absent sleep stages, multifocal spikes, in three patients additionally spike and waves discharges. [mdpi.com]

EEG showed slow background activity with multifocal spikes and spike-wave discharges. All above-mentioned girls were diagnosed with psychomotor/intellectual delay. [mdpi.com]

Lethal Neonatal Spasticity - Epileptic Encephalopathy

In nearly all cases, the backgrounds will be slowed and there will be multifocal spikes with variable morphology (pleomorphic multifocal spikes). [thoracickey.com]

On day 3, the interictal EEG showed multifocal spikes. [ng.neurology.org]

The EEG shows multifocal spikes with or without burst suppression. [thoracickey.com]

Blitz-Nick-Salaam Attacks

Other interictal patterns: diffused (encephalopathic) or focal slowing, multifocal Spike slow wave complex The EEG can evolve towards a EEG seen in Lennox Gastaut Syndrome [eegpedia.org]

Typically, the interictal pattern is hypsarrhythmia (chaotic, high-voltage polymorphic delta and theta waves with superimposed multifocal spike discharges). [msdmanuals.com]

Ictal EEG High-voltage, frontal dominant, generalized slow-wave transient followed by voltage attenuation West syndrome with hypsarrhytmia (multifocal spike and slow waves [eegpedia.org]

Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Type 2I

In the EEG tracing multifocal sharp waves, spikes or generalized background slowing dominated [51]. [mdpi.com]

Common EEG features comprise slow background activity, absent sleep stages, multifocal spikes, in three patients additionally spike and waves discharges. [mdpi.com]

EEG showed slow background activity with multifocal spikes and spike-wave discharges. All above-mentioned girls were diagnosed with psychomotor/intellectual delay. [mdpi.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 19

The interictal EEG shows disorganized high-amplitude slow background with multifocal spikes more pronounced during the sleep. [hindawi.com]

spikes. [mdpi.com]

Diagnosis Hypsarrhythmia, the typical interictal EEG finding, consists of a disorganized pattern with asynchronous, very high amplitude slowing and frequent multifocal spike [intechopen.com]