Possible Causes for multifocal spikes Epilepsy […] predominance, and multifocal spike-and-slow waves. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Electroencephalography showed multifocal spikes over the right frontal, temporal and parietal regions. The seizure frequency decreased dramatically after tumorectomy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Inter-ictal multifocal spikes or sharp and slow waves in nearly all EEGs. [epilepsy.com] West Syndrome Interictal The background EEG is often highly disorganized with high voltage irregular slow waves intermixed with multifocal spikes and polyspikes, this is termed 'hypsarrhythmia [epilepsydiagnosis.org] The interictal EEG pattern is described as hypsarrhythmic as it is characterised by asynchronous and high-amplitude slow waves and multifocal spikes. [orpha.net] Benign Adult Familial Myoclonic Epilepsy Note the high-amplitude, disorganized slow activity with multifocal spikes with an electrodecremental response. [euroformhealthcare.biz] Cortical myoclonus is more commonly encountered in a multifocal form, presenting with multifocal spike discharges. [neupsykey.com] […] with emesis. Interictal EEG with shifting or multifocal high- amplitude spikes, often with occipital predominance. Favorable outcome with remission in 1–2 years and normal [slideshare.net] Myoclonic-Astatic Epilepsy Interictal EEG revealed generalized irregular multiple spikes-and-waves with focal or multifocal accentuations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] LTG, lamotrigine; M, myoclonic seizure; MA, myoclonic-astatic seizure; MF, multifocal spikes; PHT, phenytoin; PSW, diffuse polyspike and wave complexes; SBA, slowing of [omicsonline.org] […] and waves, photosensitivity, 4-7/sec rhythms), no multifocal EEG abnormalities (but often pseudofoci). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy spikes and slow waves Ictal EEG: very heterogeneous First-line treatment: ACTH, prednisone, or vigabatrin Poor; increased mortality Neurodevelopmental delay, regression of [amboss.com] The interictal EEG showed generalized spike-and-wave alone in 8 patients, focal or multifocal spike-and-wave alone in 3 patients, both generalized and focal spike-and-wave [nature.com] […] sharp and slow waves Abnormal interictal EEG: slow spike-wave pattern Attempt anticonvulsive treatment, e.g., valproic acid, clobazam, lamotrigine, felbamate [13] Ketogenic [amboss.com] Generalized Clonic or Tonic-Clonic Seizures Topic Overview Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures are the easiest seizures to recognize. They happen most often in people with generalized epilepsy of unknown cause. A generalized tonic-clonic seizure begins with a sudden loss of consciousness. During the first 15 to 30 seconds of the seizure, the entire[…] [stlukesonline.org] Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy We present a case of a boy with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) who presented with features of non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). This case highlights the fact that NCSE, even though not a common occurrence in JME, should be kept in mind when a patient with previous history of seizures presents with[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 17 @inproceedings{Kehrl2014GainoffunctionMI, title {Gain-of-function mutation in Gnao1: A murine model of epileptiform encephalopathy (EIEE17)?}, author {Jason M. Kehrl and Kinshuk Sahaya and Hans M. Dalton and Raelene A. Charbeneau and Kevin T. Kohut and Kristen A Gilbert and Madeline C. Pelz and Jack M. Parent and[…] [semanticscholar.org] Juvenile Absence Epilepsy Background activity is often abnormal, reflecting the diffuse or multifocal underlying encephalopathy of symptomatic generalized epilepsy. [reference.medscape.com] Slow spike-and-wave discharges (2.5 Hz). This is an interictal pattern in a child with seizures and developmental delay. [reference.medscape.com] The clinical correlation of generalized spike-and-wave complexes with clinical seizures is not as clear-cut as in typical absence seizures. [reference.medscape.com] Panayiotopoulos Syndrome Interictal EEG showed multifocal spikes in the centrotemporal and left posterior regions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Interictal EEG shows occipital spikes although multifocal spikes with high amplitude sharp-slow wave complexes at various locations can be present. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] spikes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Organic Brain Syndrome Rogers MP, et al. Psychosom Med. 1986 Jul-Aug. Abstract Systemic mastocytosis is a disease characterized by an excessive accumulation of mast cells, and associated with skin lesions, flushing, diarrhea, tachycardia, and psychiatric manifestations. In order to define more clearly the psychiatric manifestations, ten[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Encephalopathy Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is an encephalopathy that can be clinically characterized by headache, altered mental status and/or seizures. Neuroimaging demonstrates usually reversible bilateral subcortical vasogenic occipital-parietal edema. Exact pathophysiology remains unclear but is commonly[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Uremic Encephalopathy BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Uremic encephalopathy is a metabolic disorder in patients with renal failure. The purpose of this study was to describe the MR imaging findings of uremic encephalopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed MR imaging findings in 10 patients with clinically proved uremic[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 3 The EEG pattern often shows a suppression-burst pattern with high-voltage bursts of slow waves mixed with multifocal spikes alternating with isoelectric suppression phases [diseaseinfosearch.org] West Syndrome (WS) aka as infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia, EEG abnormality with asynchronous very high amplitude, irregular, continuous multifocal spike an slow wave [ijponline.biomedcentral.com] multifocal spike- and sharp-wave discharges, repetitive paroxysmal activity, unusually low-voltage fast activity, and findings consistent with complex partial seizures [graphyonline.com] Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Interictal There may be focal or multifocal spike-and-wave or sharp-slow waves, with an anterior predominance. [epilepsydiagnosis.org] Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed background slowing of about 7 Hz, multifocal spike and wave, and generalized spike and wave complex-es (1.5 3.5 Hz). [jkna.org] The interictal EEG record was suggestive of multifocal spike-and-wave discharges in both hemispheres, particularly in the left frontocentral, right parieto-temporo-occipital [pediatricneurosciences.com] Insulin Overdose We report a very rare case of acute pulmonary edema caused by hypoglycemia from insulin overdose during an attempted suicide. A 16-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes was brought to our hospital because of hypoglycemic coma. She exhibited severe hypoxia; upon intubation, bloody froth poured out of the tube.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Toxic Encephalopathy Neurotoxicity following paradichlorobenzene (PDCB) exposure is rare and can occur in patients with pica and mothball or toilet cake ingestion. We present a rare case of toxic encephalopathy due to PDCB mothball inhalation and ingestion and describe the rapidly progressive leukoencephalopathy seen on computed[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury Brain Dev. 2015 Feb;37(2):265-9. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.04.002. Epub 2014 Apr 29. Author information 1 Department of Pediatrics, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan. Electronic address: pisces-koya@yacht.ocn.ne.jp. 2 Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 8 […] fast spikes, polyspikes and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges Slow background activity, spike‐ and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges and multifocal spikes activated by non‐REM sleep [onlinelibrary.wiley.com] Slow background activity mixed with low‐voltage fast activity, along with diffuse, irregular, spike‐ and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges Slow background activity and multifocal [onlinelibrary.wiley.com] spike and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com] Focal Epilepsy - Speech Disorder - Mental Retardation Multifocal Spike and Wave is defined as "spikes in 3 non-contiguous electrode positions with at least one focus in each hemisphere" (Blume 1982). [pediatrics.emory.edu] Note the high-amplitude, disorganized slow activity with multifocal spikes with an electrodecremental response. [euroformhealthcare.biz] During the awake and light sleep states, the EEG was abnormal in most of the patients (9/ 11) with multifocal spikes. [scielo.br] Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 6 As seizures accumulate, however, multifocal spikes or spike and waves are encountered on EEG. [symptoma.com] Among the 31 adult patients reported by Akiyama et al. (2010), 4 (12.9%) had generalized spike‐waves and multifocal spikes, 13 (41.9%) had multifocal spikes, 6 (19.3%) had [onlinelibrary.wiley.com] Patterns can include generalized spike and wave discharges, multiple spike and wave discharges, and multifocal spikes 1. [centogene.com] Pyridoxine Dependency Syndrome Hypsarrhythmia is a characteristic interictal pattern of chaotic, high to extremely high-voltage polymorphic delta and theta rhythms with superimposed multifocal spikes and [patient.info] […] myoclonic Malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy Multifocal sharps Focal, arising from multiple regions Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy Continuous spike-wave Burst [demosmedical.com] Patients with West syndrome associated with HME may have a unique EEG background called hemihypsarrhythmia (high amplitude, poorly organized with multifocal spikes over the [demosmedical.com] Unverricht-Lundborg Syndrome Beyond early childhood and almost regardless of etiology, the typical EEG of SGE includes slow ( 2.5 Hz) spike and wave complexes and multifocal spikes. [emedicine.medscape.com] At the beginning, three patients (patients 13, 14, and 16) showed multifocal spikes, which were still present in the last EEG. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com] […] waves 1.5–2.5 Hz or multifocal Absence-low spike and waves; tonic-generalized attenuation with recruiting rhythm; atonic-generalized polyspike/spike waves, or attenuation [hindawi.com] Atypical Absence Seizure Diffuse slowing and focal or multifocal spikes or sharp waves were seen in 85%. [epilepsy.com] Background activity is often abnormal, reflecting the diffuse or multifocal underlying encephalopathy of symptomatic generalized epilepsy. [reference.medscape.com] Slow spike-and-wave discharges (2.5 Hz). This is an interictal pattern in a child with seizures and developmental delay. [reference.medscape.com] Familial Infantile Myoclonic Epilepsy The EEG typically shows focal or multifocal spike-waves, sharp waves, and slow waves and spikes activity [88]. [ijponline.biomedcentral.com] Over time, the interictal EEG can show both generalized and multifocal spikes, or may not show any of these features despite frequent seizures of multiple types, further highlighting [clinicalgate.com] […] with emesis. Interictal EEG with shifting or multifocal high- amplitude spikes, often with occipital predominance. Favorable outcome with remission in 1–2 years and normal [slideshare.net] Vitiligo The interictal EEG pattern is described as hypsarrhythmic as it is characterised by asynchronous and high-amplitude slow waves and multifocal spikes. [orpha.net] Hypsarrhythmia is a characteristic interictal pattern of chaotic, high to extremely high-voltage polymorphic delta and theta rhythms with superimposed multifocal spikes and [patient.info] Joint Dislocation The interictal EEG pattern is described as hypsarrhythmic as it is characterised by asynchronous and high-amplitude slow waves and multifocal spikes. [orpha.net] Hypsarrhythmia is a characteristic interictal pattern of chaotic, high to extremely high-voltage polymorphic delta and theta rhythms with superimposed multifocal spikes and [patient.info] Lafora Disease Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed bilateral diffuse low voltage, delta waves slowing with frequent generalized, multifocal spike discharges. [ijdvl.com] The EEG register is slow in background activity and presents multifocal paroxystic discharges of spike and spike waves. [jnnp.bmj.com] Electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in LBD may include multiple spikes and wave discharges, photosensitivity, multifocal epileptiform discharges, and progressive slowing in [annalsofian.org] Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (A) Slow spike-and-waves and (B) multifocal independent spike discharges in two patients with GMS and mixed tonic, tonic–clonic, and myoclonic seizures. (From Tatum WO. [neupsykey.com] In most patients with GTS associated with EGE, a diffusely slow background with multifocal spikes and sharp waves (Figure 14.7b) is present on the EEG reflecting a diffuse [neupsykey.com] Rolandic Epilepsy EEG findings, I need you to know this: slow, 1-2 Hz, paroxysmal fast activity, multifocal spikes. 02:16 Now, what you need to know it at this point, for management is not [lecturio.com] These may be worse in children with onset of seizures before 8 years of age, high rate of occurrence and multifocal EEG spikes. [en.wikipedia.org] EEG spikes. [33] [34] The development, social adaptation and occupations of adults with a previous history of Rolandic seizures were found normal. [35] [36] Epidemiology [ipfs.io]
