Multifocal Spikes: Causes & Reasons

Possible Causes for Multifocal Spikes

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 3

The EEG pattern often shows a suppression-burst pattern with high-voltage bursts of slow waves mixed with multifocal spikes alternating with isoelectric suppression phases [diseaseinfosearch.org]

West Syndrome (WS) aka as infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia, EEG abnormality with asynchronous very high amplitude, irregular, continuous multifocal spike an slow wave [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

Interictal EEGs of the patients with ZS showed infrequent bilateral multifocal spikes, predominantly in the frontal and pre-frontal motor cortex Patients with NALD had tonic [graphyonline.com]

West Syndrome

Interictal The background EEG is often highly disorganized with high voltage irregular slow waves intermixed with multifocal spikes and polyspikes, this is termed 'hypsarrhythmia [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

The interictal EEG pattern is described as hypsarrhythmic as it is characterised by asynchronous and high-amplitude slow waves and multifocal spikes. [orpha.net]

Myoclonic-Astatic Epilepsy

Interictal EEG revealed generalized irregular multiple spikes-and-waves with focal or multifocal accentuations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

LTG, lamotrigine; M, myoclonic seizure; MA, myoclonic-astatic seizure; MF, multifocal spikes; PHT, phenytoin; PSW, diffuse polyspike and wave complexes; SBA, slowing of [omicsonline.org]

[…] and waves, photosensitivity, 4-7/sec rhythms), no multifocal EEG abnormalities (but often pseudofoci). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

Interictal There may be focal or multifocal spike-and-wave or sharp-slow waves, with an anterior predominance. [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed background slowing of about 7 Hz, multifocal spike and wave, and generalized spike and wave complex-es (1.5~3.5 Hz). [jkna.org]

The interictal EEG record was suggestive of multifocal spike-and-wave discharges in both hemispheres, particularly in the left frontocentral, right parieto-temporo-occipital [pediatricneurosciences.com]

Benign Adult Familial Myoclonic Epilepsy

Note the high-amplitude, disorganized slow activity with multifocal spikes with an electrodecremental response. [euroformhealthcare.biz]

Cortical myoclonus is more commonly encountered in a multifocal form, presenting with multifocal spike discharges. [neupsykey.com]

[…] with emesis.  Interictal EEG with shifting or multifocal high- amplitude spikes, often with occipital predominance.  Favorable outcome with remission in 1–2 years and normal [slideshare.net]

Epilepsy

[…] predominance, and multifocal spike-and-slow waves. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Electroencephalography showed multifocal spikes over the right frontal, temporal and parietal regions. The seizure frequency decreased dramatically after tumorectomy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Inter-ictal multifocal spikes or sharp and slow waves in nearly all EEGs. [epilepsy.com]

Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy

spikes and slow waves Ictal EEG: very heterogeneous First-line treatment: ACTH, prednisone, or vigabatrin Poor; increased mortality Neurodevelopmental delay, regression of [amboss.com]

The interictal EEG showed generalized spike-and-wave alone in 8 patients, focal or multifocal spike-and-wave alone in 3 patients, both generalized and focal spike-and-wave [nature.com]

[…] sharp and slow waves Abnormal interictal EEG: slow spike-wave pattern Attempt anticonvulsive treatment, e.g., valproic acid, clobazam, lamotrigine, felbamate [13] Ketogenic [amboss.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 13

Diagnosis Hypsarrhythmia, the typical interictal EEG finding, consists of a disorganized pattern with asynchronous, very high amplitude slowing and frequent multifocal spike [intechopen.com]

Diagnosis The interictal EEG consists of multifocal epileptiform discharges and background slowing. [intechopen.com]

Ictal EEG recording may demonstrate generalized slow spike and wave, or an absence pattern, depending on the seizure type. 8.3. [intechopen.com]

Familial Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy

Cortical myoclonus is more commonly encountered in a multifocal form, presenting with multifocal spike discharges. [neupsykey.com]

multifocal abnormalities. [neupsykey.com]

Paroxysmally, rhythmic θ-activity at 4 to 5 Hz appears in the centroparietal areas, as do fast bilateral spike-waves, which may be associated later with variable focal or [neupsykey.com]

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Resource Links » Similar in PUBMED » Search Pubmed for Murthy J M » Search in Google Scholar for Murthy J M »Related articles Adolescent Developing Countries Diagnosis Differential Diagnostic Errors Electroencephalography Female Hospitals University Human India Male Medical Records Myoclonic Epilepsy Juvenile[…] [neurologyindia.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 17

Ohtahara syndrome (OS, OMIM#308350, ORPHA1934) is an early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) characterised by spasms, intractable seizures, suppression-burst pattern on the electroencephalogram, and severe psychomotor retardation. Mutations in STXBP1 -a gene that codes for syntaxin binding protein 1 and is[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Organic Brain Syndrome

A 57-year-old man with no personal or family history of manic-depressive disease developed symptoms of hypomania after a cerebrovascular accident and surgical trauma to the brain. The patient responded well to lithium carbonate treatment over a 2-year period. Although this therapy is contraindicated in cases of[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Encephalopathy

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is an encephalopathy that can be clinically characterized by headache, altered mental status and/or seizures. Neuroimaging demonstrates usually reversible bilateral subcortical vasogenic occipital-parietal edema. Exact pathophysiology remains unclear but is commonly[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Uremic Encephalopathy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Uremic encephalopathy is a metabolic disorder in patients with renal failure. The purpose of this study was to describe the MR imaging findings of uremic encephalopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed MR imaging findings in 10 patients with clinically proved uremic[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Insulin Overdose

We report a very rare case of acute pulmonary edema caused by hypoglycemia from insulin overdose during an attempted suicide. A 16-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes was brought to our hospital because of hypoglycemic coma. She exhibited severe hypoxia; upon intubation, bloody froth poured out of the tube.[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Toxic Encephalopathy

"Thinner" is a widely used industrial mixture of organic solvents. Exposure to organic solvents is usually not considered to be a possible cause of epilepsy, despite descriptions of toxic effects on the central nervous system. There are only a few reports about a possible epileptogenic effect of organic solvents[…] [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

Homepage Rare diseases Search Search for a rare disease Neonatal hypoxic and ischemic brain injury ORPHA:137577 Synonym(s): HIE Hypoxic and ischemic brain injury in the newborn Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Perinatal asphyxia Perinatal hypoxia Prevalence: 1-9 / 100 000 Inheritance: Not applicable Age of onset:[…] [orpha.net]

Focal Epilepsy - Speech Disorder - Mental Retardation

Multifocal Spike and Wave is defined as "spikes in 3 non-contiguous electrode positions with at least one focus in each hemisphere" (Blume 1982). [pediatrics.emory.edu]

Note the high-amplitude, disorganized slow activity with multifocal spikes with an electrodecremental response. [euroformhealthcare.biz]

During the awake and light sleep states, the EEG was abnormal in most of the patients (9/ 11) with multifocal spikes. [scielo.br]

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy Type 8

[…] fast spikes, polyspikes and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges Slow background activity, spike‐ and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges and multifocal spikes activated by non‐REM sleep [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Slow background activity mixed with low‐voltage fast activity, along with diffuse, irregular, spike‐ and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges Slow background activity and multifocal [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

spike and polyspike‐and‐wave discharges. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Juvenile Absence Epilepsy

Collapse all Expand all Contexte Il s'agit d'une version mise à jour de la revue Cochrane publiée en 2017. Les crises d'absence (CA) sont de brèves crises d'épilepsie qui surviennent pendant l'enfance et l'adolescence. Selon les caractéristiques cliniques et les résultats de l'électroencéphalogramme (EEG), elles sont[…] [cochranelibrary.com]

Monosomy 2pter-p24

EEG studies are mentioned only in a few cases and the detected anomalies consist in hypsarrythmia, rolandic spikes and multifocal spikes [19]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The EEG patterns reported in literature are described as multifocal or bilateral central epileptiform discharge, or as centro-temporal spikes similar to rolandic spikes [19 [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

The spectrum of EEG abnormalities varies widely and includes hypsarrhythmia, focal and multifocal spikes and asymmetry of slow wave activity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Baker-Gordon Syndrome

Although none had overt seizures, most had abnormal EEG studies that showed absent background activity, symmetric bursts, multifocal discharges, and sharp and spike wave complexes [findzebra.com]

Lethal Neonatal Spasticity - Epileptic Encephalopathy

In nearly all cases, the backgrounds will be slowed and there will be multifocal spikes with variable morphology (pleomorphic multifocal spikes). [thoracickey.com]

On day 3, the interictal EEG showed multifocal spikes. [ng.neurology.org]

The EEG shows multifocal spikes with or without burst suppression. [thoracickey.com]

Blitz-Nick-Salaam Attacks

Other interictal patterns: diffused (encephalopathic) or focal slowing, multifocal Spike slow wave complex The EEG can evolve towards a EEG seen in Lennox Gastaut Syndrome [eegpedia.org]

Typically, the interictal pattern is hypsarrhythmia (chaotic, high-voltage polymorphic delta and theta waves with superimposed multifocal spike discharges). [msdmanuals.com]

Ictal EEG High-voltage, frontal dominant, generalized slow-wave transient followed by voltage attenuation West syndrome with hypsarrhytmia (multifocal spike and slow waves [eegpedia.org]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 19

The interictal EEG shows disorganized high-amplitude slow background with multifocal spikes more pronounced during the sleep. [hindawi.com]

spikes. [mdpi.com]

Diagnosis Hypsarrhythmia, the typical interictal EEG finding, consists of a disorganized pattern with asynchronous, very high amplitude slowing and frequent multifocal spike [intechopen.com]

Epileptic Encephalopathy Type Lennox-Gastaut

EEG This is abnormal in the vast majority of cases showing 2‐ to 2.5‐Hz slow spike‐wave discharges over both hemispheres with multifocal spikes and spike waves predominating [cochranelibrary.com]

Individuals were included if they had an EEG with slow spike and wave and multifocal spikes; had more than one type of generalised seizure for at least 6 months; were less [cochranelibrary.com]

Pyridoxine Dependency Syndrome

Hypsarrhythmia is a characteristic interictal pattern of chaotic, high to extremely high-voltage polymorphic delta and theta rhythms with superimposed multifocal spikes and [patient.info]

[…] myoclonic Malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy Multifocal sharps Focal, arising from multiple regions Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy Continuous spike-wave Burst [demosmedical.com]

Patients with West syndrome associated with HME may have a unique EEG background called hemihypsarrhythmia (high amplitude, poorly organized with multifocal spikes over the [demosmedical.com]

Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Type 2B

In the EEG tracing multifocal sharp waves, spikes or generalized background slowing dominated [51]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Common EEG features comprise slow background activity, absent sleep stages, multifocal spikes, in three patients additionally spike and waves discharges. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

EEG showed slow background activity with multifocal spikes and spike-wave discharges. All above-mentioned girls were diagnosed with psychomotor/intellectual delay. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 6

As seizures accumulate, however, multifocal spikes or spike and waves are encountered on EEG. [symptoma.com]

Among the 31 adult patients reported by Akiyama et al. (2010), 4 (12.9%) had generalized spike‐waves and multifocal spikes, 13 (41.9%) had multifocal spikes, 6 (19.3%) had [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

During disease progression and increased seizure frequency, however, EEG findings eventually reveal both focal and multifocal anomalies, including generalized spike-and-wave [symptoma.com]

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Type 4

The EEG typically shows focal or multifocal spike-waves, sharp waves, and slow waves and spikes activity [88]. [ijponline.biomedcentral.com]

Diagnosis Hypsarrhythmia, the typical interictal EEG finding, consists of a disorganized pattern with asynchronous, very high amplitude slowing and frequent multifocal spike [intechopen.com]

Hypsarrhythmia, the typical interictal EEG finding, consists of a disorganized pattern with asynchronous, very high amplitude slowing and frequent multifocal spike and sharp [hindawi.com]