Nephrolithiasis: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Nephrolithiasis

Hyperuricemia

OUTCOME: The development of nephrolithiasis during follow-up. MEASUREMENTS: Nephrolithiasis is determined based on ultrasonographic findings. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hyperuricemia can lead to gout and nephrolithiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

BACKGROUND: Although the association between gout and nephrolithiasis is well known, the relationship between asymptomatic hyperuricemia and the development of nephrolithiasis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nephrolithiasis

Nephrolithiasis is considered a systemic disease. [urotoday.com]

KEYWORDS: Diet; Epidemiology; Kidney calculi; Nephrolithiasis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The symptoms of pediatric nephrolithiasis are nonspecific. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pyelonephritis

Urographically, a renal mass lesion was encountered in 62% of the patients, nephrolithiasis in 38% and a functionless kidney in 27%. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Urographically, a renal mass lesion was encountered in 62 per cent of the patients, nephrolithiasis in 38 per cent and a functionless kidney in 27 per cent. [doi.org]

It is primarily an adult tumor seen occasionally in children associated with urinary tract obstruction due to congenital urological anomalies, nephrolithiasis, and recurrent [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Chronic Pyelonephritis

Our observations indicate that autoimmune responses to THP may occur after exposure to THP by intravenous challenge in rabbits, by urinary reflux in pigs, and in recurrent nephrolithiasis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The immune responses to Tamm-Horsfall protein in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis were also examined, as were the antigenic similarities between Tamm-Horsfall protein [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Third, in human studies, 12 of 49 patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis demonstrated abnormal elevations in anti-Tamm-Horsfall protein antibody; 13 of 49 had an abnormality [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

It is not uncommon, patient with parathyroid adenoma come to health care professionals with the chief complain of recurrence nephrolithiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Seventy-eight patients (34%) had a baseline calcium ≥11.2 mg/dL, but compared with patients with calcium <11.2 mg/dL, only the incidence of nephrolithiasis was more common [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is asymptomatic in most patients, its main clinical manifestation is nephrolithiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nephrocalcinosis

Nephrocalcinosis and Nephrolithiasis Intrarenal calcifications may lie in the renal parenchyma (nephrocalcinosis) or collecting system (nephrolithiasis). [radiologykey.com]

Abstract Diagnosis and management of pediatric nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis is a very complex and challenging task for every pediatrician. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In recent years, multiple monogenic causes of nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis have been identified. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Idiopathic Hypercalciuria

Risk factors for nephrolithiasis in patients with familial idiopathic hypercalciuria. [archive-ouverte.unige.ch]

Abstract The most common presentation of nephrolithiasis is idiopathic calcium stones in patients without systemic disease. [nature.com]

Randomized clinical trial comparing water therapy plus low-salt diet to water therapy alone in patients affected by idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis. [clinicaltrials.gov]

Hypercalcemia

Abstract Mutations of the CYP24A1 gene, encoding for the enzyme 25(OH)D-24-hydroxylase, can cause hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] the CYP24A1 gene have elevated serum calcium concentrations associated with elevated serum 1,25(OH) 2 D, suppressed PTH concentrations, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract We herein present a case of relapsed sarcoidosis with a deteriorated renal function accompanied by hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, and a ureteral stone in a woman [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute Pyelonephritis

In her past medical history, there was no disease other than nephrolithiasis. In her vital signs, body temperature was 39.8°C. [medeniyetmedicaljournal.org]

[…] children with congenital lesions, women of childbearing age, men and women age 60+ years (due to nodular hyperplasia of prostate, cystoceles in women, cervical carcinoma, nephrolithiasis [pathologyoutlines.com]

[…] with higher risk of complications such as abscess, Antibiotic Resistance) Age under 1 or over 60 years Abnormality (Polycystic Kidney, Vesicoureteral reflux) Obstruction ( Nephrolithiasis [fpnotebook.com]

Renal Tubular Acidosis

Major risk factors for nephrolithiasis include alkaline urine, hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

B1 heterozygosity should be considered in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and urinary abnormalities such as alkalinuria or hypocitraturia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In addition, we found hyperuricosuria in 21 per cent of the patients with type I renal tubular acidosis with nephrolithiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Renal Tubular Acidosis Type 1

Major risk factors for nephrolithiasis include alkaline urine, hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia. [doi.org]

B1 heterozygosity should be considered in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and urinary abnormalities such as alkalinuria or hypocitraturia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 23-year-old man presented with osteoporosis, revealed by femoral fractures, and a history of nephrolithiasis, short stature, metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia and ovalocytosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Gouty Arthritis

Outcomes of interest included gouty arthritis, renal disease (i.e., renal insufficiency, urate nephropathy, nephrolithiasis), and cardiovascular events (i.e., myocardial infarction [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Herein, we describe a patient with hyperuricemia, juvenile-onset gouty arthritis, nephrolithiasis, and mild neurologic symptoms, attributed to a newly identified variant of [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The association between gout and nephrolithiasis in men: The Health Professionals' Follow-Up Study. Kidney Int. 2003;64:1022-1026. [primeinc.org]

Primary Hyperoxaluria

Patients typically present with recurrent nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

PURPOSE: Genetic causes of nephrolithiasis are underestimated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed for nephrolithiasis when he was 16 years of age. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1

Purpose: Genetic causes of nephrolithiasis are underestimated. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

nephrolithiasis, her accelerated loss of kidney function, and the need for native nephrectomies. [karger.com]

No mutations were detected in restriction enzyme analysis in all 30 healthy controls and 30 patients with nephrolithiasis of various causes. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hyperparathyroidism

Complications of primary hyperparathyroidism include peptic ulcers, nephrolithiasis, pancreatitis and dehydration. Surgical management is usually indicated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nephrolithiasis in primary hyperparathyroidism. In: Bilezikian JP, ed. The parathyroids: basic and clinical concepts. [doi.org]

Evidence of nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis via imaging Reduced bone mineral density ( T-score < -2.5 at lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, or distal third of the [amboss.com]

Chronic Gouty Nephropathy

المحددة الصفحة 15 الصفحة 33 الصفحة 30 الصفحة 37 الصفحة 16 المحتويات An Overview 1 Chapter 2 Uric Acid Metabolism in Health 9 Chapter 3 Uric Acidassociated Nephropathies and Nephrolithiasis [books.google.com]

Prevalence Gout 1%, hyperuricemia 5–10%, uric acid nephrolithiasis 0.1% in the United States Uric acid calculi account for 5–10% of all stones in the United States. [unboundmedicine.com]

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Urolithiasis; Nephrolithiasis; Urological procedures .... mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, gout, peripheral vascular .... nephropathy.20 [doctor-beller.dipmap.com]

Cystinuria

Cystinuria subtype and the risk of nephrolithiasis. [kidney-international.org]

Establishing a hyperdiuresis reduces the cystine concentration in the urine, thereby reducing the risk of nephrolithiasis [4]. [intechopen.com]

Cystinuria is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder associated with nephrolithiasis and its attendant complications. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Absorptive Hypercalciuria Type 1

PURPOSE: About 40% of patients with nephrolithiasis have idiopathic hypercalciuria, sometimes associated with a family history of kidney stones. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

OBJECTIVES: To verify whether alterations in bone density and turnover in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria are observable in various subgroups of patients [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We excluded the CaR (lod score CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that genetic variants of the CaR gene are not associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Medullary Sponge Kidney

The frequency of medullary sponge kidney was 12% in patients with nephrolithiasis compared with 1% in patients without nephrolithiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Number 2 Citation: American Journal of Roentgenology. 1990;155: 299-302. 10.2214/ajr.155.2.2115256 ABSTRACT : The prevalence of medullary sponge kidney in patients with nephrolithiasis [doi.org]

No patient without evidence of nephrolithiasis developed a stone event, whereas 13/39 (33%) of those with nephrolithiasis developed a recurrent stone event. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

Hyperuricemia leads to hyperuricuria and uric acid nephrolithiasis. The underlying defect is a deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Maintaining good hydration also helps but despite these measures nephrolithiasis still occurs. [patient.info]

Allopurinol is useful to control the overproduction of uric acid and reduces the risk of nephrolithiasis and gouty arthritis. [emedicine.com]

Renal Abscess

If done, KUB x-ray may show an increased renal shadow and nephrolithiasis. [urology-textbook.com]

Flank Pain… Flank pain for several days, history of nephrolithiasis: This patient has marked right hydronephrosis with significant right renal perinephric inflammatory cystic [emrems.com]

Metabolic – nephrolithiasis, gout, hyperparathyroid 4. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 2

Purpose: Genetic causes of nephrolithiasis are underestimated. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

nephrolithiasis, her accelerated loss of kidney function, and the need for native nephrectomies. [karger.com]

No mutations were detected in restriction enzyme analysis in all 30 healthy controls and 30 patients with nephrolithiasis of various causes. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 3

Purpose: Genetic causes of nephrolithiasis are underestimated. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

nephrolithiasis, her accelerated loss of kidney function, and the need for native nephrectomies. [karger.com]

No mutations were detected in restriction enzyme analysis in all 30 healthy controls and 30 patients with nephrolithiasis of various causes. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hereditary Neonatal Hyperparathyroidism

nephrolithiasis have hyperparathyroidism. [enotes.tripod.com]

Nephrolithiasis and bone involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism. Am J Med 1990 ; 89 : 327 –34. ↵ Garcia de la Torre N, Wass J, Turner H. [jmg.bmj.com]

[…] acute episode of life threatening hypercalcemia Creatinine clearance reduced by 30% with age-matched normal subjects Markedly elevated 24 hour urine calcium (>400 mg/d) Nephrolithiasis [medicine.uiowa.edu]

Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis

It may lead to hypercalcinuria, nephrolithiasis, and renal failure. [icd10data.com]

Unlike distal RTA, nephrolithiasis is absent in proximal RTA. If associated with the specific syndrome, additional signs and symptoms of the syndrome are present. [lecturio.com]

Kaplan, Charles Stanley and Lester Baker, Nephrolithiasis, hypocitraturia, and a distal renal tubular acidification defect in type 1 glycogen storage disease, The Journal [doi.org]

Gout

Uricosuric agents are alternative therapies in patients with preserved renal function and no history of nephrolithiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Uricosuric agents can cause hyperuricosuria, a risk factor for nephrolithiasis and acute uric acid nephropathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The association between gout and nephrolithiasis: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988–1994. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;40:37–42. 4. [aafp.org]

Renal Papillary Necrosis

Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. In: Johnson RJ, Feehally J, Floege J, eds. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology. 5th ed. [nlm.nih.gov]

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1

On follow-up, hypercalcemia with high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels was detected, associated with nephrolithiasis and low bone mineral density in the spine and hip. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Two-thirds of patients were symptomatic (68%, n=26), most commonly from nephrolithiasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Nephrolithiasis was suspected and further workup was performed. [ispub.com]

Parathyroid Carcinoma

[…] severe hypercalcemia and related symptoms, non-specific gastrointestinal manifestations, as well as renal and bone complications related to primary hyperparathyroidism (nephrolithiasis [orpha.net]

Nephrolithiasis and bone involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism. Am J Med 1990; 89: 327-34. 11. Rosen IB, Young JE, Archibald SD, Walfish PG, Vale J. [arquivosdeorl.org.br]

0012378 Fibroma 0010614 Hoarse voice Hoarseness Husky voice [ more ] 0001609 Infantile hypercalcemia 0008250 Nephrocalcinosis Too much calcium deposited in kidneys 0000121 Nephrolithiasis [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Hydronephrosis

Nephrolithiasis. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at: http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T114904/Nephrolithiasis. Updated February 5, 2018. Accessed June 5, 2018. [winchesterhospital.org]

[…] ureter) Blockage of a ureter due to scarring, tumor, urinary stones Chronic unilateral obstructive uropathy Vesicoureteric reflux (backflow of urine from bladder to kidney) Nephrolithiasis [wexnermedical.osu.edu]

Hydronephrosis; Chronic hydronephrosis; Acute hydronephrosis; Urinary obstruction; Unilateral hydronephrosis; Nephrolithiasis - hydronephrosis; Kidney stone - hydronephrosis [nlm.nih.gov]