Possible Causes for Pleural Exudate Meigs Syndrome In 6 of these patients pleural effusion met the criteria for an exudate. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] When pleural fluid protein concentration > 3.0 g/dL was applied as a criterion of pleural exudate, 88.8% (80/90) of effusions were classified as exudates. [journals.lww.com] The available data indicate, however, that the majority of pleural effusions in patients with this entity are exudates. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Pleural Tuberculosis OBJECTIVES: To develop a clinical prediction rule (CPR) for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis (PT) in patients with pleural exudates in Peru. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] We applied the identified CPRs to patients with pleural exudates attending two third-level hospitals in Lima, Peru, a setting with high incidence of tuberculosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] […] effusion Exudative pleural effusion By the underlying cause (see next section). [en.wikipedia.org] Rheumatoid Lung Disease […] disease exudative"rheumatoid" effusion drug-induced pleura this (e.g., methotrexate,infliximab) empyema bronchopleural fistula hemopneumothorax Pyopneumothorax Pleural effusion [wargovich155881112.net] […] fluid is an exudate with a high protein and a very low sugar content (below 30 mg per 100 ml) which does not rise with the IV administration of glucose which the low sugar [learningradiology.com] A finding of RF in the pleural effusion is strongly suggestive of a rheumatoid origin for the pleural exudate [ 157 ]. [em-consulte.com] Lung Abscess He subsequently underwent resection of the lung abscess and removal of exudative pleural effusion on the fourth hospital day. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Pleural exudates and transudates: diagnosis with contrast-enhanced CT. Radiology, 192, 803–808. PubMed Google Scholar Bartlett, J. G., Gorbach, S. [link.springer.com] Subphrenic Abscess These pleural exudates may be caused by changes in the capillary permeability or lymph flow in the diaphragm induced by local effects of inflammatory products 2345. [pjmhsonline.com] As a rule, small atelectases and the centers of lobular pneumonia in the basis of a lung and an exudate in a pleural cavity join it. [bigmed.info] Pleural effusion is recognized to occur from subphrenic abscess either on right or left side 2. [pjmhsonline.com] Chronic Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis […] fluid, CSF, exudate from draining lesions, or biopsy specimens. [merckmanuals.com] Over the next two weeks bilateral pleural effusions developed and microscopic examination of this bloodstained exudate showed occasional fungi but no growth on culture. [thorax.bmj.com] The fluid is often exudative with pleural biopsy revealing granulomas and fungal organisms. 16 Pleural fluid can be seen with or without a pulmonary parenchymal finding. [appliedradiology.com] Benign Fibrous Mesothelioma of the Pleura Exudative pleural effusions due to viral infection, parapneumonic effusion, or bacterial empyema, can yield highly AEMH. [humpath.com] […] mesothelioma Arch Pathol, 34 (1942), pp. 951-964 [15] A Maximow über das Mesothel (Deckzellen der serösen Hâute) und die Zellen der serôsen exudate. [archbronconeumol.org] However cases with huge pleural effusions has been reported ( 2, 20, 54 ). Usually these effusions are exudates, but may also be a transudate. [ispub.com] Pleural Mesothelioma Pleural effusions are classified as exudative (high protein) or transudative (low protein). [en.wikipedia.org] […] effusion: dull percussion; absent or reduced breath sounds on affected side Diagnosis Pleurocentesis; : bloody (exudative) pleural effusion Imaging (chest x-ray and CT) ; [amboss.com] These studies may help clarify the etiology of a pleural effusion (exudative vs transudative). [en.wikipedia.org] Staphylococcal Pneumonia The pleural surface is covered by a thick layer of exudate. [medicalpptonline.blogspot.com] […] which cause the affected lung to gain volume and the fissures to bulge Abscess and cavity formation are common Pleural effusion and empyema are common May result in gangrene [learningradiology.com] Pleural fluid reveals an exudate with polymorphonuclear cell counts of 300- 100,000/mm3, protein above 2.5 g/dL, and a low glucose concentration. [medicalpptonline.blogspot.com] Pulmonary Sarcoidosis […] effusion (2%) · Usually exudate with lymphocytic predominance · Cavitation of nodules ( · Fungus ball formation in chronic sarcoid cavities (usually TB) · Focal pleural thickening [learningradiology.com] Manifestations of pleural involvement include exudative or transudative pleural effusion, hemorrhagic or chylous pleural effusion (chylothorax being an exceptionally rare [pubs.rsna.org] A high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest scan revealed bilateral lung diffuse miliary nodules, multiple patchy exudative shadows in the bilateral superior lobes [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Adenocarcinoma of the Breast This article reviews 9 cases of carcinoma breast patients, who had developed recurrent lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion, within a year of diagnosis. [ccij-online.org] We performed thoracoscopy in 9 cases of known carcinoma breast patients, who had developed recurrent, lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion within a year of diagnosis of [ccij-online.org] Results: Sole pleural effusion was the most common radiological finding. [ccij-online.org] Pneumococcal Pneumonia (ii) In outer surface pleural exudates is thicker. (iii) Cut surface is moist & brownish-gray colour (bronchial lymphnodes may be enlarged). [histopathology-india.net] […] which cause the affected lung to gain volume and the fissures to bulge Abscess and cavity formation are common Pleural effusion and empyema are common May result in gangrene [learningradiology.com] Pleurisy - inflammation of the pleura, with exudation into its cavity and upon its surface. Empyema – accumulation of pus in the pleural space b. [web.biosci.utexas.edu] Aspiration Pneumonia Complications may occur, such as exudative pleural effusion, empyema, and lung abscesses.[3] If left untreated, aspiration pneumonia can progress to form a lung abscess.[4 [en.wikipedia.org] Asbestosis […] effusion : dull percussion, absent or reduced breath sounds on affected side Diagnosis Pleurocentesis : bloody (exudative) pleural effusion Imaging (Chest x-ray and CT ) [amboss.com] The differential causes of rounded atelectasis includes Exposure to mineral dusts such as asbestos, and occupational exposures to silica and mixed mineral dusts; Exudative [atsdr.cdc.gov] Asbestos fibres can induce an acute exudative pleural effusion which may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma A thoracentesis, followed by chest tube drainage, revealed an exudative nonchylous pleural fluid with a glucose level of 2 mg·dL−1, lactate dehydrogenase of 6,456 IU·L−1 and [erj.ersjournals.com] A thoracentesis, followed by chest tube drainage, revealed an exudative nonchylous pleural fluid with a glucose level of 2 mg·dL −1, lactate dehydrogenase of 6,456 IU·L −1 [erj.ersjournals.com] exudative effusion and 2 weeks of i.v. antibiotic therapy. [erj.ersjournals.com] Pulmonary Actinomycosis Pleural fluid was exudative; Gram stain, acid-fast bacillus, fungal stains, and cytology were negative. [journals.lww.com] Computed tomographic scan of the chest revealed right lower lobe consolidation and large loculated pleural effusion. [journals.lww.com] Gram-Negative Pneumonia […] which cause the affected lung to gain volume and the fissures to bulge Abscess and cavity formation are common Pleural effusion and empyema are common May result in gangrene [learningradiology.com] […] rods Most are hospital acquired Most are chronic alcoholics Aspirated into lungs so most are unilateral and right sided Imaging Produces excessive amounts of inflammatory exudate [learningradiology.com] Bronchogenic Carcinoma In a few patients, however, multiple miscroscopic examinations of pleural (pericardial) fluid are negative for tumor, and the fluid is nonbloody and not an exudate. [dralirezasabetpour.com] Rheumatoid Arthritis Exudative pleural effusions are also associated with RA.[24][25] Heart and blood vessels[edit] People with RA are more prone to atherosclerosis, and risk of myocardial infarction [en.wikipedia.org] Pleural fluid studies Thoracentesis should be performed for any effusion with >1 cm of layering on decubitus films. [err.ersjournals.com] The typical “rheumatoid effusion” is a sterile exudative fluid with low pH ( −1 ) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (may be >700 IU·L −1 ) [ 50, 51, 53 ]. [err.ersjournals.com] Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pleural effusion is the most common chest manifestation of RA and is usually small, bilateral, and asymptomatic. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Intrapleural urokinase may be useful to improve drainage and resolution of loculated, exudative, or clotted pleural collections before development of fibrosis. [east.org] It is an exudative effusion with raised LDH, increased protein, and decreased glucose.[ 1 ] Spontaneous hemothorax is an unusual complication of RA the exact incidence of [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Systemic Lupus Erythematosus A thoracocentesis revealed an exudate with eosinophilia. Direct cytological examination showed LE cells. SLE was rapidly considered. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Pleural effusions are usually exudates, have low levels of complement, and test positive for anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA). [ojrd.biomedcentral.com] Antinuclear antibodies were subsequently found in the serum and in the pleural effusion. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Mallory-Weiss Syndrome This procedure has the virtue of permitting closure of the perforation and complete cleansing of the pleural space, with decortication of exudate from the lung surface and [ots1.narod.ru] Pulmonary Tuberculosis Light RW, MacGregor MI, Luchsinger PC, et al: Pleural Effusions. The diagnostic separation of transudates and exudates. Ann Intern Med 1972;77: 507–555. [link.springer.com] Purulent exudates with large numbers of acid-fast bacilli can be found in sputum and tissue. [emedicine.medscape.com] Subserosal granulomas may rupture into the pleural or pericardial spaces and create serous inflammation and effusions. [emedicine.medscape.com] Legionnaires' Disease […] an exudative pleural effusion with high ADA activity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] In countries where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high and pleural fluid ADA activities are frequently measured, LD should be included in the differential diagnosis of [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Pulmonary Histoplasmosis Acute pericarditis can occur in as many as 5% of patients who are symptomatic. [2] The pericardial fluid is generally exudative. [12] Pleural effusions develop in 40-60% of [emedicine.medscape.com] Management included drainage of pleural fluid and the routine examination showed exudative fluid with neutrophilia. [ayubmed.edu.pk] Bronchiectasis It results in exudative pleural effusions. [47] Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency Bronchiectasis has been noted to occur in this rare condition, both in patients with true [emedicine.medscape.com] Histoplasmosis Acute pericarditis can occur in as many as 5% of patients who are symptomatic. [2] The pericardial fluid is generally exudative. [12] Pleural effusions develop in 40-60% of [emedicine.com] Streptococcus Pyogenes Pneumonia […] which cause the affected lung to gain volume and the fissures to bulge Abscess and cavity formation are common Pleural effusion and empyema are common May result in gangrene [learningradiology.com] On the next morning, a marked pleural effusion with 1000 ml of exudative fluid was drained. [bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com] Parapneumonic effusion/empyema Injury to the lung parenchyma due to infection can lead to increased capillary permeability and accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, [breathe.ersjournals.com] Tularemia In the diagnostic evaluation of a lymphocyte-rich exudative pleural effusion with a high adenosine deaminase concentration, a possible cause to consider is tularemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] […] and pericardial cavities, haemorrhagic exudate. ( J240 .24.w1) Note: lesions were more pronounced in guinea pigs taking longer to die after inoculation. ( J240 .24.w1) In [wildpro.twycrosszoo.org] The similar pleural fluid findings suggest analogous local pathogenetic mechanisms in tularemia and tuberculosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov] Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm Cytology of the pleural fluid was found to be exudative. [sjmms.net]
