Premature Infant: Causes & Reasons

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Possible Causes for Premature Infant

Preterm Labor

Through this and other NICHD-supported research into the problems faced by premature infants, survival rates for premature infants with RDS are nearly 95 percent. [medicinenet.com]

A 2006 report from the Institute of Medicine estimated the annual cost of preterm birth in the United States to be $26.2 billion or more than $51,000 per premature infant. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 2006 report from the Institute of Medicine estimated the annual cost of preterm birth in the United States to be $26.2 billion or more than $51,000 per premature infant [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Extreme Fetal Immaturity

The Sick Premature Infant Many premature infants are resilient and surprise everyone by overcoming great odds. [northshore.org]

Premature infants often require special care. [healthline.com]

Offers definitive guidance on how to effectively manage the many health problems seen in newborn and premature infants. [books.google.com]

Cytomegalovirus Infection

This association between acquired CMV infection in premature infants and the development of chronic lung disease provides further evidence that vigorous efforts to prevent [jamanetwork.com]

BACKGROUND: Ganciclovir is a therapeutic choice for extremely premature infants with severe postnatal cytomegalovirus disease, but little is known about its optimal dose size [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a gastrointestinal emergency typical of premature infants. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Duodenal Atresia

We report the first premature infant with Down syndrome whose duodenal atresia presented with a massive hematemesis secondary to duodenitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Methods A 33 week premature infant with a prenatal diagnosis of Duodenal atresia was explored laparoscopically on day two of life for repair. [csurgeries.com]

infant still has time for maturation and growth), and (3) the length of the small intestine, which can be difficult to determine accurately after birth. [es.slideshare.net]

Congenital Syphilis

He was also referred to the high-risk infant clinic to monitor for developmental milestones secondary to prematurity and central nervous system infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although most infants were asymptomatic at birth, prematurity (15/82) was common. Two infants died in the neonatal period, and 5 pregnancies ended in stillbirth. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

For premature infants at risk of congenital syphilis but who have no other clinical evidence of infection and who might not tolerate IM injections because of decreased muscle [health.ny.gov]

Gardnerella Vaginitis

If you're pregnant, untreated bacterial vaginosis can cause premature birth and low birth weight for the infant. [articles.mercola.com]

Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. The Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Polyhydramnios

Antenatal fetal cyst decompression successfully reversed the polyhydramnios and prevented premature delivery, resulting in a full-term healthy infant delivered vaginally at [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

She went into premature labor and a cesarean section was performed because of a cord presentation. Both mother and infant had an uneventful recovery. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In many of these cases, premature delivery of an immature infant results in the death of the fetus. [gentlebirth.org]

Listeriosis

However, the infection can spread antepartum and intrapartum from mother to child and can cause abortion, stillbirth, premature birth, or early infant death. [msdmanuals.com]

Maternal infection with Listeria can result in chorioamnionitis, premature labor, spontaneous abortion, or stillbirth. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Vertical transmission can also occur from mother to infant via passage through an infected birth canal or ascending infection through ruptured amniotic membranes. [12, 13] [emedicine.medscape.com]

Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets Type 2

infants black children > 6 months who are still breastfed patients with malabsorption syndromes (celiac sprue) or chronic parenteral nutrition Asian immigrants patients with [orthobullets.com]

[ojrd.biomedcentral.com] […] years of age risk factors premature infants black children 6 months who are still breastfed patients with malabsorption syndromes (celiac sprue [symptoma.co.za]

[apcontinuada.com] […] years of age risk factors premature infants black children 6 months who are still breastfed patients with malabsorption syndromes (celiac sprue) or [symptoma.com]

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

[…] the significance of a PDA in premature infants ( 27 – 29 ). [tidsskriftet.no]

Our aim was to analyse the feasibility, safety and efficacy of this device in premature infants weighing METHODS: Eighteen premature infants underwent transcatheter closure [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Serum NT-proBNP can be used to observe PDA treatment responses in premature infants. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Sepsis in Premature Infants

BACKGROUND: Late-onset sepsis in the premature infant is frequently revealed by severe, unusual and recurrent bradycardias. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Late-onset sepsis in premature infants is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and increased medical costs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] the antimicrobial defense in certain premature infants. [fortunejournals.com]

Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The more premature the infant, the greater likelihood of RDS. RDS is due to insufficient surfactant in the lungs. [unitypoint.org]

is related to ethnic origin in very premature infants (⩽32 weeks of gestational age and birthweight ⩽2.0 kg). [fn.bmj.com]

A condition of the newborn marked by dyspnea with cyanosis, most frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers and infants delivered by cesarean [icd9data.com]

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Abstract Premature infants are at substantial risk for a spectrum of morbidities that are gestational age dependent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) primarily affects premature infants on positive pressure ventilation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Risk factors for getting a severe infection with RSV include premature infants born before 35 weeks, infants 8 to 10 weeks and younger, children under 2 years of age born [emedicinehealth.com]

Ventricular Hemorrhage

Our understanding of the management of diseases in the premature infant has changed dramatically in recent years, and it can be quite difficult to remain up-to-date on changes [books.google.com]

The immaturity of the premature infant’s brain makes it inherently more vulnerable to injury. The more premature an infant, the greater the likelihood of brain damage. [pediatrics.emory.edu]

In premature infants, due to the immaturity of their cerebral vascular bed, these mechanisms might be impaired exposing their brain to damage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Peripheral Vasoproliferative Retinopathy

The incidence correlates with degree of prematurity; that is, the more premature the infant is, the greater the possibility of this condition occurring. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

[…] disease, which tragically renders many premature infants blind. [books.google.com]

Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

Bronchiolitis

infants babies at risk of severe infection ( i.e., immunocompromised status) Prognosis typically self-limited more severe in infants < 6 months of age Presentation Symptoms [step2.medbullets.com]

[…] born 33–35 weeks gestational age (GA)] study was a prospective, case-control study comparison of premature infants hospitalized for RSV infection and infants who had not [doi.org]

infants Etiology respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) most common an enveloped, linear, single-stranded, negative-sense paramyxovirus with a helical capsid rhinovirus parainfluenza [step2.medbullets.com]

Pulmonary Interstitial Glycogenosis

infant. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Here, we present a case of pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis associated with trisomy 21, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and congenital heart disease in a 34 week premature [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Apnea of Prematurity

These differences between premature and full-term infants persisted throughout the next 6 months in those infants born prior to 30 weeks gestation, and in those infants born [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Free Editorial Views | April 1995 When Is the Ex-Premature Infant No Longer at Risk for Apnea? [anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org]

At 40 weeks post-conception, prematurely-born infants with apnea of prematurity showed higher heart rates and reduced heart rate variability than did full-term neonates. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Inguinal Hernia

In this report, we describe the case of a premature infant (36 weeks' postgestational age) who underwent left inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia without the use [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hemoglobin levels: Premature infants and infants less than 6 months of age Electrolytes: Premature infants on diuretics Coagulation panel: None Imaging: None Other tests: [clinicalpainadvisor.com]

Hemoglobin levels: Premature infants and infants less than 6 months of age Electrolytes:Premature infants on diuretics Coagulation panel: None Imaging: None Other tests: Premature [clinicalpainadvisor.com]

Transitory Tachypnea of the Newborn

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) affects premature infants, term infants delivered by elective cesarean delivery without labor, and infants born with respiratory depression [merckmanuals.com]

Hyaline membrane disease most common cause in premature infants Pathogenesis Meconium in amniotic fluid of 20% of pregnancies Meconium products produce bronchial obstruction [learningradiology.com]

Neonatal Pneumonia Hyaline Membrane Disease General Considerations Lack of sufficient surfactant production pressure to keep alveoli open; ¯ lung compliance Predisposed Premature [learningradiology.com]

Neonatal Sepsis

Skin and mucus membranes are broken down easily in the premature infant. [aippg.net]

Skin and mucous membranes are broken down easily in the premature infant. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Finally, neutrophil reserves are easily depleted because of the diminished response of the bone marrow, especially in the premature infant. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Infantile Apnea

[…] for short periods of time before breathing patterns in the infant stabilize.[3] In premature infants, central apnea is attributed to an underdeveloped respiratory system [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] that are healthy.[3] Mixed Apnea[edit] Mixed apnea is a combination of both central and obstructive factors.[1] The majority of premature infants with sleep apnea have mixed [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] births compared to the past.[1] With the greater number of premature infants being born, there is also a greater number of children with infantile apnea.[1][4] Approximately [en.wikipedia.org]

Primary Apnea

[…] of premature infants to monitor the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

[…] citrate and aminophylline for treating primary apnea in premature infants]. [unboundmedicine.com]

infant” OR “premature infants” OR “preterm infants” OR “preterm infant” OR “infant, preterm” OR “infants, preterm” OR “neonatal prematurity” OR “prematurity, neonatal”; AND [hindawi.com]

Pneumopericardium

Neonatal pneumopericardium is usually a complication of mechanical ventilation in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Despite the decrease in incidence of pneumopericardium, most cases arise in premature infants with a history of respiratory distress and mechanical ventilation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The updated coverage includes new information on fetal assessment, survival of premature infants, and perinatal asphyxia and new guidelines on neonatal jaundice. [books.google.com]

Zinc Deficiency

Seven premature infants with hypozincemia and transient symptomatic zinc deficiency have been previously described. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] developing in such infants in the months following premature birth should raise the suspicion of zinc deficiency. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Low birthweight premature infants with enteropathy on total parenteral nutrition are at risk of developing zinc deficiency. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Direct Inguinal Hernia

Overall, 3-5% of full-term infants and 5-30% of premature infants have an inguinal hernia. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

This condition affects between 1% and 5% of normal newborns and up to 10% of premature infants. [health.harvard.edu]

The incidence of incarceration in premature infants is 31%. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]

Neonatal Infection

Premature infants have decreased intrinsic antibody production and reduced complement activity. [merckmanuals.com]

KEYWORDS: Antimicrobial stewardship; Gentamicin; NICE guidelines; Neonatal blood culture reporting; Premature infants [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CMV infection in infants has an unexpected effect on the white blood cells of the immune system causing them to prematurely age. [en.wikipedia.org]

Apnea Neonatorum

First published: May 1956 Citations: 9 Summary Blood gas analyses of cutaneous samples obtained from premature infants have been carried out. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Apnea of prematurity is defined as cessation of breathing by a premature infant that lasts for more than 20 seconds and/or is accompanied by hypoxia or bradycardia. [en.wikipedia.org]

However, stimulation of these same receptors in the premature infant results in apnea. [pediatriconcall.com]

Congenital Absence of Ductus Arteriosus

A PDA is more common in premature infants, but can also be seen in full-term infants. It may be associated with other congenital heart defects. [fairview.org]

Signs of heart failure occur earlier in premature infants than in full-term infants and may be more severe. [msdmanuals.com]

PDA in premature infants may cause more serious consequences than in those born at full term. [news-medical.net]

Umbilical Hernia

Low birth weight and premature infants are also more likely to have an umbilical hernia. Boys and girls are equally affected. [cincinnatichildrens.org]

While premature infants and children with certain medical conditions may require overnight observation in the hospital, most children are able to return home within a few [cincinnatichildrens.org]